VANHU VANHU HAVASI HEROES

Pericles airemekedza avo vakanga vafa muhondo kurutivi rweAtene:

"Ndagara pamusoro pehukuru hweAtene nokuti ndinoda kukuratidza kuti tiri kurwisana nemubairo mukuru kune avo vasingafariri chero ropafadzo idzi, nekusimbiswa neuchapupu hunoratidza hunodiwa hwevarume ava vandiri kurangarira iye zvino. Rumbidzo yavo yakanakisisa yakatotaurwa kare. Nokuti mukukudza guta ndakavakudza, uye varume vakaita savo vane kunaka vakaita kuti iye akudzwe. Uye kuti vashoma sei Hellenes inogona kutaurwa seyavo, kuti mabasa avo paakayerwa muchiyero vakawanikwa vakaenzana nekurumbira wavo! Ndinotenda kuti rufu rwakadai savo rwakanga rwuri chiyero chechokwadi chemunhu; iyo inogona kuva yekuzarurirwa kwekutanga kwekunaka kwake, asi pane chero ipi zvayo chisimbiso chekupedzisira. Nokuti kunyange avo vanopera mune dzimwe nzira vanogona kuteterera zvakasimba simba ravakarwira nyika yavo; ivo vakabvisa chakaipa pamwe nevakanaka, uye vakabatsira hurumende zvakawanda kuburikidza nemabasa avo evanhu kunze kwekuti vakamukuvadza nemabasa avo ega.

"Hapana mumwe wevarume ava akanga akafanirwa neupfumi kana kuti akazeza kusiya zvekunakidzwa kwehupenyu; hapana kana mumwe wavo akadzima zuva rakaipa mutariro, zvisikwa kuhurombo, kuti munhu, kunyange ari murombo, rimwe zuva rive rakapfuma. Asi, vachifunga kuti chirango chevavengi vavo chakanaka kudarika chimwe chezvinhu izvi, uye kuti vanogona kuwira pasina chikonzero chakanaka, vakatsunga pangozi yehupenyu hwavo kuti vatsivire, uye kusiya zvimwe. Vakasarudza kutarisira mukana wavo usina kuzivikanwa wekufara; asi mukutarisana nerufu vakatsunga kuvimba pachavo voga. Uye apo nguva yakauya ivo vaida kurwisa uye kutambura, pane kungofamba uye kuponesa hupenyu hwavo; ivo vakatiza shoko rokuzvidzwa, asi pahondo yehondo makumbo avo akamira zvakasimba, uye munguva pfupi, pakureba kwehupfumi hwavo, vakapfuura kubva pachiitiko, kwete kwekutya kwavo, asi kwekubwinya kwavo. "

Abraham Lincoln airemekedza avo vakanga vafa muhondo kune rumwe rutivi rweNorth:

"Zvikamu zvina uye makore manomwe akapfuura madzitateguru edu akabudisa nyika ino, rudzi rutsva, akaberekerwa muRuberty, uye akazvitsaurira kune chirevo chokuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana. Iye zvino tava kurwisana nehondo huru yevagari vemo, kuongorora kana rudzi irworwo, kana nyika ipi zvayo yakagamuchirwa uye yakadaro yakatsaurirwa, inogona kuramba yakatsungirira. Isu takasangana pane imwe hondo-munda wehondo iyoyo. Tauya kuzotsaurira chikamu chemunda iwoyo, senzvimbo yokupedzisira yokuzorora kune avo vari pano vakapa hupenyu hwavo kuti rudzi irworwo rwugare. Izvo zvakakwana zvakakwana uye zvakakodzera kuti tinofanira kuita izvi.

"Asi, nepfungwa huru, hatigoni kutsaurira - hatigoni kutsvenesa - hatigoni kuchenesa - iyi ivhu. Varume vane ushingi, vapenyu uye vakafa, avo vakarwa pano, vakazvitsaurira, kure nepamusoro peurombo hwedu husina kuwedzera kuwedzera kana kuvhiringidza. Nyika inotora zvishoma, kana kurangarira kwenguva refu zvatinotaura pano, asi haikwanise kukanganwa zvavakaita pano. Iko kune isu vapenyu, pane kudaro, kuti vatsaurire pano kune basa risina kupera avo avo vakarwa pano vakasvika iye zvino zvakanyanya zvakanyanya. Zviripo kwatiri kuti tive pano takatsaurirwa basa guru rakasara pamberi pedu - kuti kubva kune avo vanokudzwa vakafa tinowedzera kuzvipira kune icho chikonzero chavakapa chizere chekupedzisira chizere chekuzvipira - kuti isu pano tinogadzirisa kwazvo kuti vakafa havana vafa pasina-kuti rudzi urwu, pasi paMwari, ruchava nekuberekwa patsva rwerusununguko - uye hurumende yevanhu, navanhu, kuvanhu, havazoparadzwi pasi. "

Kunyange zvazvo vatungamiri vasingatauri chinhu ichi, uye kana vachigona kubatsira havatauri pamusoro pevakafa zvachose, shoko rimwe chete rinopera risina kutaura nhasi. Varwi vanorumbidzwa kumatenga, uye chikamu pamusoro pekuisa upenyu hwavo pangozi kunonzwisiswa pasina kutaurwa. Vatungamiri vehurumende vakanyanyisa kurumbidzwa kuti hazvisi zvisizvo kwavari kuti vawane maonero avanoita hurumende. Vatungamiri vakawanda vanosarudza kuva Mutungamiriri weMukuru kuti ave mukuru wevatungamiri. Iyo yekare inogona kurapwa semunhu, asi iyo yekupedzisira inonyatsozivikanwa uye inonyengera.

Asi mukurumbira wevakuru vakuru nevatungamiri vanouya kubva pakuswedera kwavo kumasasa asingazivikanwi asi masimba. Apo vakuru vacho vasingadi kuti mazano avo anobvunzurudzwa, vanongoda kungotaura kuti kupokana kwakadaro kunoshora kutsoropodza mauto kana kutaura kwekusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekusagadzikana kwemauto. Kutaura zvazviri, hondo pachadzo dzinoita zvakanaka chaizvo kuti dzizvibatane nemauto. Iko kukudzwa kwevarwi vese vanogona kubva kubva pakukwanisa kuti vachaurayiwa muhondo, asi hondo pachayo inongokudzwa chete nekuda kwekuvapo kwevatsvene-kwete mauto chaiwo chaiwo, asi abstract heroic vanopa vekupedzisira zvibayiro -kukurudzirwa neTumbi reSauto risingazivikanwi.

Chero bedzi iyo kukudzwa kukuru kune inogona kutsvaga ndeyokutumirwa uye kuurayiwa muhondo yeumwe munhu, kuchava nehondo. Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy akanyora mutsamba kune shamwari yaaisazoisa muhurukuro: "Hondo ichavapo kusvikira zuva ra kure apo hana yehana nehana ine mukurumbira wakafanana uye mukurumbira semurwi unoita nhasi. Mashoko iwayo zvishoma. Inofanira kusanganisira avo vanoramba kupinda muchirwere kana vachibvumirwa kuve nehana ye "hana yehana nekuda kwehana." Uye inofanira kusanganisira avo vanorwisana nehondo vasingateereri kunze kwemauto pamwe chete, kusanganisira kuenda kune nzvimbo dzinotarisirwa zvebhomba mu kuronga kushanda se "vanhu nhovo."

Apo Mutungamiri Barack Obama akapiwa Nobel Peace Prize uye akataura kuti vamwe vanhu vaiva vakakodzera, ndakabva ndafunga nezvevamwe. Vamwe vevanhu vakashinga vandinoziva kana vakanzwa nezvavo vakaramba kutora chikamu muhondo dzedu dzemazuva ano kana kuedza kuisa miviri yavo mujeri dzehondo yehondo. Dai vainakidzwa mukurumbira wakafanana uye mukurumbira sevarwi, isu tose tainzwa pamusoro pavo. Kana ivo vaikudzwa zvikuru, vamwe vavo vaizobvumirwa kuti vataure kuburikidza nematerevhizheni edu nemapepanhau, uye nguva refu hondo isati yasvika, zvechokwadi, isisipo.

Chikamu: CHII CHINHERO?

Ngatitarise zvakanyanya nheyo yenharo dzechiuto dzakapiwa kwatiri naPericles naLincoln. Random House inotsanangura gamba sezvinotevera (uye rinotsanangura heroine nenzira imwechete, kushandura "mukadzi" nokuda kwe "munhu"):

"1. murume ane ushingi hwakakosha kana mano, anoyemura nokuda kwezviito zvake zveushingi uye unhu hwakanaka.

"2. munhu uyo, maererano nemaonero evamwe, ane unhu hunhu kana kuti akaita chigamba uye anoonekwa semuenzaniso kana chakanaka: Akanga ari gamba remukati apo akaponesa mwana anonaya.

"4. Classical Mythology.

"A. kubwinya kwehuMwari uye hune ruzivo uyo aiwanzokudzwa seumwari. "

Kushinga kana mano. Mabasa akashinga uye unhu hwakanaka. Pane chimwe chinhu pano kupfuura kungoita ushingi uye ushingi, kungotarisana nekutya uye njodzi. Asi chii? Imwe hero inoonekwa semuenzaniso kana yakanaka. Zviri pachena kuti mumwe munhu akashinga akabuda kunze kwewindo re 20-raisagona kuwana tsanangudzo iyo, kunyange kana ushingi hwavo hwakanga hune ushingi hwakasimba. Kuratidza hutsinye hunofanirwa kunoda kushinga kwemarudzi ayo vanhu vanoona semuenzaniso ivo pachavo nevamwe. Inofanirwa kusanganisira upenzi uye ruzivo. Iko ndiko kuti, ushingi haugoni kungova ushingi; inofanira kuva yakanaka uye ine mutsa. Kuramba kunze kwehwindo hakukwanisi. Mubvunzo, saka, ndeyekuti kuuraya nekufa muhondo kunofanirwa kukodzera sekanaka uye mutsa. Hapana anohadzika kuti yakashinga uye yakashinga.

Kana iwe ukatarira kumusoro "ushingi" mune duramazwi, nenzira, uchawana "ushingi" uye "simba." Dhiyabhorosi Dhiyabhorosi Dhiyabhorosi rinotsanangura "simba" se

"Chikamu chehondo chisingabatsiri, basa, uye tariro yebheja.

'Sei wakamira?' akatinhira mutungamiri wechitendero paChickamauga, uyo akanga araira mutero: 'famba mberi, changamire, kamwechete.'

'Gavhuna,' akadaro mutungamiri wevanhu vanopesana nehurumende, 'Ndine chokwadi chokuti chero humwe hunozviratidza hune simba nemashure angu huchaita kuti varwisane nemuvengi.' "

Asi kudai kwakadaro kwakanaka kungave kwakanaka uye kwakanaka kana kuparadza uye kuipa? Bierce aive aive muUnited musoja paChickamauga uye akanga asvika achinetseka. Makore akawanda gare gare, apo yakange yakwanisika kuparidzira nyaya pamusoro peHondo yeHondo yevanhu yaisina kupenya nokubwinya kutsvene kwemauto, Bierce yakabudisa nyaya inonzi "Chickamauga" mu1889 muSan Francisco Examiner inobatanidzwa muhondo yakadaro inooneka yakaipa kwazvo uye inotyisa zvaanogona kuita. Masoja mazhinji kubva kare akaudza nyaya dzakafanana.

Zvinoda kuziva kuti hondo, chimwe chinhu chinogara chichirondedzerwa sechinhu chakaipa uye chinotyisa, chinofanira kukodzera vatori vechikamu kuti vave nekubwinya. Zvechokwadi, kubwinya hakugari. Kutambudzika kwemazwi veterans kunosarudzwa kunze kwevanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, mune dzakawanda zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa pakati pe2007 ne2010, masoja avo vainge vaonekwa sepanyama uye mupfungwa vakagamuchirwa uye vakagamuchirwa kupinda muchiuto, vakaita "kukudzwa," uye vakanga vasina kunyorwa nhoroondo yezvinetso zvepfungwa. Zvadaro, pavakakuvadzwa, varwi avo vaimbove vane utano vakaonekwa kuti vaiva nehuwandu hwehutano husati hwavapo, vakabviswa, uye vakaramba kurapwa mavanga avo. Mumwe musoja akanga akavharirwa mune imwe kambani kusvikira akabvumirana kusayina chirevo chokuti akanga ane chirwere chisati chavepo-nzira iyo Sachigaro weCommunity Veterans Affairs Committee inonzi "kutambudzwa."

Kushanda kwevarwi, avo chaivo, havatariswi nemauto kana sangano nekuremekedza kana kuremekedza. Asi chirevo che "chikwata" chinowanzoitwa "sauto" ndeyevatsvene vese nekuda kwechido chake chokukurumidza uye kufa muhumwechete hwekushaya pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki dzinoparadza nguva dzose. Hongu, nyuchi. Izvo zvidiki zviduku zvinokonzera ubongo zvakakura. . . zvakanaka, hukuru hwechimwe chinhu chiduku kudarika mutsvuku: vanoita hondo. Uye ivo vari nani pane iyo kupfuura isu.

Chikamu: AN ANTS ANOITA HERE?

Masvosve anobhadhara hondo yakareba uye yakaoma nehurongwa hwakazara uye kusagadzikana kusingaenzaniswi, kana kuti chii chatingaidza kuti "vakashinga." Vanonyatsovimbika kune chinokonzera nenzira iyo pasina vanhu vanofarira nyika vanogona kufanana: "Zvingaita sekuve nemureza wekuAmerica mureza kwauri pawakaberekerwa, "nyanzvi yezvakagadzirira uye munyori wemifananidzo Mark Moffett akaudza magazini yeWired. Masvosve achauraya dzimwe nyerere dzisina kupera. Masvosve achaita "chibayiro chekupedzisira" asingatyi. Masvosve achaenderera mberi nemabasa avo panzvimbo pokumira kuti abatsire murwi akakuvadzwa.

Nyerere dzinoenda mberi, apo dzinouraya uye dzinofa kutanga, iduku uye dzisina simba. Vanobayirwa sechikamu chekugadzira nzira. "Mune mamwe mapurisa, kune mamiriyoni emabhiza anoshandiswa achienderera mberi mberi muchikwata chine simba chakakwira kusvika ku 100 mamita akaenzana." Mumwe wemifananidzo yaMoffett, iyo inoratidza "mutevedzeri wevapambi muMalaysia, dzakawanda zvezvimedu zvakashata zviri kutemwa iri hafu nehupamhi hwemuvengi mukuru, nemashaya akaoma, semakumbo. "Chii chingaitwa naPericles pamariro avo?

“Sekureva kwaMoffett, tinogona kudzidza chinhu kana zviviri kubva pamajuru anorwa hondo. Kune rimwe, mauto emasvosve anoshanda zvakanyatsorongeka kunyangwe achishaya mutemo. ” Uye hapana hondo dzaizove dzakakwana pasina kunyepa: "Sevanhu, masvosve anogona kuyedza kukunda vavengi nekunyepera nenhema." Mune mumwe mufananidzo, "masvosve maviri anotarisana mukuyedza kuratidza ukuru hwavo - iyo, mune iri rudzi rwemasvosve, inosarudzwa nehurefu hwepanyama. Asi svosve rakangwara kurudyi rakamira padombo kuti riwane inchi yakasimba pamusoro pemurume wake. " Ko akatendeseka Abe aibvuma here?

Muchokwadi, masvosve varwi vakazvipira zvekuti vanogona kana kurwa hondo dzevagari vemo izvo zvinoita kuti kadiki kadiki pakati peNorth neSouth riite sekubata nhabvu. Nyoka inopora, Ichneumon eumerus, inogona kunwisa dendere remasvosve nemakemikari anovharira anokonzera masvosve kurwa hondo yevagari vemo, hafu yedendere ichipesana nehafu yacho. Fungidzira kana isu tanga tine mushonga wakadai kuvanhu, rudzi rwemushonga-simba Fox News. Kana isu tikamisa nyika, vangangove varwi vanoguma vangave magamba kana hafu yavo chete? Masvosve magamba here? Uye kana vasiri, imhaka yezvavari kuita here kana nekuda kwezvavari kufunga nezvavari kuita? Uye ko kana mushonga uyu uchivaita vafunge kuti vari kuisa hupenyu hwavo panjodzi kuti vabatsirwe nehupenyu hweramangwana pasi pano kana kuti kuchengetedza churu chevacheche kune democracy?

Chikamu: BRAVERY PLUS

Varwi vanowanzoreverwa, sezvinonzi vanhu vose vanoreva nhema, uye-muwedzere - sekungova vatori vehondo vanogona kureva nhema kwamuri. Varwi vanowanzofunga kuti vari pane basa rakanaka. Uye vanogona kuva vakashinga kwazvo. Asi zvakadaro mapurisa nevarwi vemoto vanoita nenzira dzakafanana, nekuda kwezvipo zvinokwana asi zvakanyanya kukudzwa uye hoo-ha. Chii chakanaka chokuva noushingi nokuda kwechirongwa chinoparadza? Kana iwe uchikanganisa uchitenda iwe uri kuita chimwe chinhu chinokosha, ushingi hwako hunga-ndinofunga-huve hwakaipa. Uye zvinogona kunge zvakashinga kuti zvive zvakakosha mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Asi iwe pachako haungambove muenzaniso kana unofanirwa. Zviito zvako zvaisazova zvakanaka uye zvine mutsa. Ichokwadi, mune imwe chete asi asiri nonsensical pattern yekutaura, unogona kuguma uchingorambwa se "murwere."

Apo magandanga akaendesa ndege kuenda kuzvivako musi waSeptember 11, 2001, vangave vaiva nechisimba, vauraya, vanorwara, vasingadikanwi, vanyengeri, vanyengeri, kana kushaya ropa, asi izvo zvavaiwanzoidzwa kuterevhizheni yeUnited States vaiva "madhimoni." Zvakanga zvakaoma kusa kurohwa, chaizvoizvo, nekushinga kwavo, izvo zvichida nei vatauriri vakawanda vakabva vasvika pane tsanangudzo yakasiyana. "Ushingi" hunonzwisiswa sechinhu chakanaka, naizvozvo kuponda kwehukuru hakugoni kushinga, saka saka kwaiva kutya. Ndiri kufunga kuti iyi ndiyo yaifunga. Mumwe muterevhizheni haana kutamba pamwe chete.

"Tanga tiri mapuranga," akadaro Bill Maher, achibvumirana nemumwe muenzi uyo akanga ataura kuti mhondi ye9-11 yakanga isiri mapofu. "Kubvongodza ngorova dzakatakura kubva kumakiromita zviuru zviviri kubva kure. Izvo zvinotyisa. Kuramba ari mundiro kana ichirova chivako. Taura zvauri kuda nezvazvo. Kwete uroyi. Iwe wakarurama. "Maher akanga asiri kudzivirira kuuraya. Akanga achingozvidzivirira mutauro weChirungu. Akarasikirwa nebasa rake zvakadaro.

Dambudziko randinofunga kuti Maher akacherechedza nderokuti takakudza ushingi nekuda kwega pachedu tisingaregi kuziva kuti hatisi kureva izvozvi. Iko rinosungirirwa sergeant rinoreva iyo. Hondo inoda kuti varwi vave vakashinga semasvosve, mauto anotevera mirairo, kunyange mairairo angangovauraya, pasina kumira kuti vafunge chimwe chinhu pamusoro pavo pachavo, pasina kumbomira kunyange kwechipiri kuti vazvishamise kana mirairo inofadza kana yakaipa. Tingave takarashika tisina ushingi. Tinozvida kuti tibatane nemhando dzose dzezvipingamupinyi zvisingadziviriki, asi kushingaira kusina musoro hakuna maturo kana kuipa, uye zvechokwadi kwete heroic. Zvatinoda ndezvimwe zvakadai sekukudzwa. Muenzaniso wedu uye munhu akakodzera anofanira kunge ari munhu anoda kuzviisa pangozi paanenge achitarisirwa pane zvaakanyatsoronga kuti ave nzira dzakanaka kumagumo akanaka. Chinangwa chedu hachifaniri kuve chinonyadzisa zvese zvenyika, kunyange zvipembenene zvechisimba, kuburikidza nekunyengera kwedu kusinganzwisisiki kwemakutu maduku. "Iyo 'heroes,'" akanyora Norman Thomas,

"Kana wekukunda kana rudzi rwakakundwa, vakarangwa mukugamuchirwa kwechisimba uye rudzi rwekusateerera kumapofu kuvatungamiriri. Muhondo hapana chakanaka pakati pekuterera kwakakwana uye mutiny. Asi hukama hwakanaka hunoenderana nekukwanisa kwevarume [uye vakadzi] kuzvitonga pachavo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa umo kuvimbika kunopesana nekutsoropodza kunovaka. "

Kune zvinhu zvakanaka pamusoro pevarwi: ushingi uye kusazvipira; boka rekubatana, chibayiro, nekusimbirwa kwevanoshamwaridzana navo, uye-pamwe nemafungiro evanhu - kune nyika huru; muviri nemafungiro epfungwa; uye adrenaline. Asi kuedza kwose kunounza zvakanakisisa kune zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekushandisa unhu hwakanakisisa hwehutano hwekushandira zvikamu zvakashata. Zvimwe zvinhu zvehupenyu hwemauto ndekuteerera, utsinye, kutsiva, kushushikana, rusarura, kutya, kutya, kukuvara, kushungurudzika, kurwadziwa, nekufa. Uye chikuru pane izvi ndiko kuteerera, nokuti kunogona kutungamirira kune vamwe vose. Mamiriro ezvinhu ehondo avo vanotora kuti vatende kuti kuteerera kune chikamu chekutenda, uye kuburikidza nevatongi vanovimba iwe unogona kugadzirirwa zvakakodzera, kuita zviri nani sechikwata, uye ugare wakachengeteka. "Rega kuenda kune tambo iyo iye zvino!" Uye mumwe munhu anokubata. Kunyanya mukudzidziswa. Mumwe munhu ari kuchema imwe masentimita kubva mumhino dzako: "Ndichaputsa pasi nepombi yako ine urombo, murwi!" Asi iwe unopona. Kunyanya mukudzidziswa.

Kutevera mirairo muhondo, uye kutarisana nevavengi vanokuda iwe wafa, chaizvoizvo zvinowanzoita kuti iwe uurawe, kunyange kana iwe wakagadziriswa kuti uzviite sekuti hauna. Izvo zvichiri. Uye vadiwa venyu vachaparadzwa. Asi mauto achaenderera mberi pasina iwe, achiisa mari shoma muhomwe yevadziri vezvombo, uye akaita mamiriyoni evanhu zvishoma zvishoma kubatana nemasangano emagandanga eAmerican. Uye kana musoja wako wemazuva ano basa rekukurira vanhu vausingazivi kure kune zvikwereti pasina kuisa upenyu hwako pangozi zvachose, usati uzvive iwe pachako kuti iwe uchakwanisa kurarama murugare nezvose zvawakaita, kana kuti ani zvake achaenda funga kuti uri gamba. Icho hachisi heroi; hazvina ushingi kana zvakanaka, kunyanya zvese.

Chikamu: A SERVICE INDUSTRY

Musi waJune 16, 2010, Congresswoman Chellie Pingree weMaine, uyo, kusiyana nevamwe vakawanda vaaishanda naye, akanga achiteerera kune avo vakazvimiririra uye vachirwisanazve nemari yehondo, akabvunzurudza General David Petraeus muImba yeArmed Services Committee inoteerera zvinotevera:

"Ndatenda . . . Jenerali Petraeus kuti ave nesu nhasi uye nokuda kwebasa rako guru kunyika ino. Tinonyanya kukoshesa izvozvo, uye ndinoda kutaura pane zvakakanganisika (sic) kuti ndinoonga sei basa rakaoma uye chibayiro chemauto edu, kunyanya kumiririra hurumende yeMaine apo tine huwandu hwevanhu vakashanda muchiuto, um, tinoonga basa ravo uye chibayiro chavo, uye, chibayiro chemhuri dzavo. . . .

"Ini handibvumirani newe zvakanyanyisa pamusana pokuti kuenderera mberi kwedu kwehondo kuA Afghanistan kunowedzera kusimbisa kuchengeteka kwedu kwenyika. Sezvo kuwedzera kwemauto kumaodzanyemba nekumadokero kweAfghanistan kwakatanga, taona kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwechisimba, pamwe nehurumende isina kukodzera uye yakaipa yeAfghan. Ini ndiri wekutenda kuti kuenderera mberi nekuwedzera uku uye kuwedzera kwemauto eAmerica kuchava nemugumisiro wakafanana: hupenyu huzhinji hweAmerica hwakarasikirwa, uye hatizove tiri pedyo nekubudirira. Mukufunga kwangu vanhu veAmerica vanoramba vasina chokwadi kuti kuramba vachiisa vanakomana vavo nevanasikana vavo nenzira inokuvadza muAfghanistan kunokodzera mutengo uripo, uye ndinofunga kuti vane chikonzero chakanaka chekunzwa saizvozvo. Zvinoratidzika kuti kuwedzerwa kwemauto ehondo kumaodzanyemba nekumabvazuva kweAngland kwakaguma nekuwedzera kusagadzikana, kuwedzerwa chisimba, uye vanhu vakawanda vanourayiwa. . . . "

Izvi uye zvizhinji zvaive chikamu chemu mubvunzo wekutanga weku congresswoman, kubvunzurudzwa kwepurogiramu kakawanda kuva kukuru pamusoro pekutaura kuti munhu apiwe maminitsi mashanu kupfuura kubvumira chapupu kuti ataure. Pingree akapfuurira kurondedzera uchapupu hwokuti kana mauto eUnited States achibuda munzvimbo dzeAfghanistan, vatungamiriri vemunharaunda vanogona kunge vari nani kukwanisa kupikisa Taliban - iyo huru yekugadzirisa zvishandisi sezvo iri basa reUnited States. Akatora mumiriri weRussia aimboziva nezveSoviet Union yekutanga basa reAfghanistan achitaura kuti United States yakanga yatoita zvikanganiso zvakafanana uye yakanga iri kuramba ichiita zvitsva. Mushure mokunge Petraeus akaratidza kusawirirana kwakakwana, pasina kupa chero ruzivo rutsva, Pingree akavhiringidzika:

"Mukufarira kwenguva, uye ndinoziva kuti ndichaenda kuno, ndinongotaura kuti ndinoonga uye ndakaonga kubvira pakutanga kuti iwe neni tinopesana. Ndaida kuisa manzwiro kunze kwekuti ndinofunga kuti kuwedzera kwevanhu veAmerica kunetseka nezvekubhadhara, kurasikirwa kwehupenyu, uye ndinofunga kuti tose tine hanya nekushaya kwedu kubudirira, asi tinotenda zvikuru nokuda kwebasa renyu. "

Panguva iyoyo, Petraeus akapinda mukati kuti atsanangure kuti aida kubuda kuAustralia, kuti akagovera zvinetso zvose zvePingree, asi kuti akatenda zvaaiita zvechokwadi chaive kuvandudza kuchengeteka kwenyika. Chikonzero chatakanga tiri muAfghanistan "chakanyatsojeka," akadaro, pasina kutsanangura zvaive. Pingree akati: "Ndichangoti zvakare: Ndinokoshesa basa rako. Tine kusagadzirisa kwepano pano. "

Pingree's "kubvunzurudza" chaiva chinhu chakanyanya kudarika chatakamboona muCongress - uye iyo isingadikanwi - kuve nekutaura kwemaonero evanhu vakawanda. Uye zvaisava kungotaura chete. Pingree akazotevera nekuvhota pamusoro pekubhadhara kwekuwedzera kwekuA Afghanistan. Asi ini ndakatora shanduro iyi kuitira kuti ndiratidze chimwe chinhu. Paaipomera General Petraeus yekukonzera vaduku veAmerica varume nevakadzi kuti vaurawe pasina chikonzero chakanaka, zvichiita kuti vagari veAfghan vaurawe pasina chikonzero chakanaka, kuparadza Afghanistan uye kutitorera zvishoma kudarika zvimwe zvakachengeteka, Congresswoman Pingree akakwanisa kuvonga vatatu nokuda kwe "basa" iri. Huh?

Ngatishandisei kunzwisisa kwakadzika. Hondo haisi basa. Kutora mitero yangu yemitero, uye mukudzoka kuuraya vanhu vasina mhosva uye kuisa pangozi mhuri yangu neyo inogona kuvhiringidza haisi basa. Handisi kunzwa ndakashumirwa nezviito zvakadaro. Handikumbire. Ini handisi kutumira chekuwedzera kuWashington sechinangwa chokuratidza kuonga kwangu. Kana iwe uchida kushumira vanhu, kune huzhinji huchenjeri hunoita hunoenda pane kujoina mishonga yekufa - uye sebhonasi iwe unowanikwa kuti ugare uri mupenyu uye uine mabasa ako anokoshesa. Nokudaro handisi kuzoshevedza izvo Dhipatimendi reHurumende inoshandisa "basa" kana vanhu vanozviita "varume nevakadzi vebasa" kana matare anotarisira kutarisira chii chaizvoizvo iwo rubberstamp "mauto ehurumende". Zvatinoda hazvina kusarudzwa namakomiti emakomiti, uye isu tinovada nemukurumbira uye mukurumbira izvo Kennedy akanyora pamusoro. Rimwe Dhipatimendi reZviviri rinowanikwa kune chaiyo kuzvidzivirira raizova nenyaya yakasiyana.

Chikamu: PAMUSORO POKUTAURA

Munguva yemauto apfuura, vatungamiri vanga vasingadi kuswedera pedyo nemakwikwi ehondo, kana kune mimwe mauto, kunyange mushure mekunge seLincoln vakaita, kana kunyange kuenda kumariro emashure kumusha, kana kunyange kubvumira makamera kuti afanise miviri inodzokera mumabhokisi ( chimwe chinhu chakarambidzwa panguva yehurumende yeGeorge W. Bush), kana kuti kunyange kupa hurukuro inotaura nezvevakafa. Kune nharo dzisingagumi pamusoro pezvikonzero zvinokosha zvehondo uye kunyange kushinga kwemauto. Nyaya yekufa, zvakadaro, ndeyechimwe chikonzero nguva dzose yakabuda.

Franklin Roosevelt akambotaura mumutambo "Varume vane gumi nevarume vakashinga uye vakavimbika veNavy vedu vakaurawa nevaNazi." Roosevelt akanga achiita sokuti chikepe cheGermany chakanga chichirwisa USS Kearny asina kuvhiringidzwa uye asina kunyeverwa. Chaizvoizvo vafambisi vengarava vangangodaro vakanga vakashinga kwazvo, asi muRosevelt's tall tale, vangadai vakave vasina mhosva vasina hanya nevashamisi vairwisana vachifunga nezvebhizimisi ravo pangarava yevatengesi. Iko kushingaira nekuvimbika zvakadini zvaizoda?

Kune chikwereti chake, mukubvuma kusingawanzokwi kwehondo ipi inosanganisira, Roosevelt akazotaura nezvehondo inouya:

"Kuparara kwemauto emashure pasina mubvunzo kuchave kwakakura. Ndinonyanya kunzwa kushungurudzika kwemhuri dzose dzevarume vari muhondo dzedu uye hama dzevanhu vari mumaguta akave bhomba. "

FDR haina, asi, inopinda kumariro emasoja. Lyndon Johnson akadzivisa musoro wehondo akafa, uye akapinda mhemberero mbiri kunze kwemakumi makumi ezviuru zvevarwi akanga araira kuti vafe. Nixon uye vose vari vatungamiri Bush pamwe chete vakapinda muzukuru mukuru weZero kumariro yemasoja avo vakatumira kuti vafe.

Uye, zvisingatauri kuti, vatungamiri havamboremekedze vasiri vemuAmerica avo vehondo dzavo. Kana "kusunungura" nyika inoda "kupira" zviuru zvishomanana zvemaAmerica uye mashoma mazana emadzinza mazana, nei vanhu vose vasina kuchema? Kunyangwe iwe uchifunga kuti hondo yakaruramiswa uye yakazadzisa chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisiki, haisi kutendeseka kunoda kuziva kuti ndiani akafa?

Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan vakashanyira kumakuva eGermany afa kubva muHondo Yenyika II. Nzira yake yaive yekuguma kwekutaurirana nemutungamiri weGermany uyo aiziva kuti Reagan angashanyira nzvimbo yekare yaimbova musasa wevasungwa. Reagan akataura, isati yasvika, "Hapana chakaipa nekushanyira kumakuva iwayo uko majaya aya ari kutambudzwa neNazism zvakare. . . . Vakanga vari mhirizhonga, sezvakangoita seavo vakaurayiwa mumisasa yevasungwa. "Vaiva ivo here? Ko mauto eNazi akaurayiwa muhondo vaitambudzwa here? Zvinodaro here kana vachifunga kuti vari kuita chimwe chinhu chakanaka? Inofanirwa here nezera raivo uye kuti ndeipi vakaudzwa nhema? Inodaro here kana yakashanda pahondo kana mumusasa wevasungwa?

Uye zvakadini neAmerica hondo yakafa? Iine mamiriyoni emiganhu yeAraq inokuvadza uye 4,000 vokuAmerica vanouraya vane simba here? Kana kuti vose vane 1,004,000 vanobatwa here? Kana kuti avo avo vakarwiswa vakaurayiwa uye avo vakaita vaurayi vanouraya? Ndinofunga kuti pane nzvimbo yekunyengedza kuno, uye kuti chero mubvunzo wakadaro unopindurwa zvakanakisisa maererano nemunhu mumwe chete, uye kuti kunyange ipapo zvinogona kuva nemhinduro imwe chete. Asi ini ndinofunga mhinduro yepamutemo - kuti avo vanotora muhondo ine utsinye imhondi, uye rumwe rutivi rwavanoshushwa - vanowana chikamu chinokosha chemufambiro wezvetsika. Uye ndinofunga kuti ndiyo mhinduro inowedzera yakakwana uye inopedza vanhu vakawanda vanozviziva.

Mutungamiriri weGeorge W. Bush, pamwe chete nemukuru wezvekune dzimwe nyika akashanyira kunze, akaita musangano wepepanhau paimba huru yaakadana kuti "gurukota" muCrawford, Texas, muna August 4, 2005. Akabvunzwa nezve 14 Marines kubva kuBrook Park, Ohio, uyo akanga achangourawa nebhazi regwagwa muIraq. Bush akati,

"Vanhu veBrank Park uye nhengo dzemhuri dzeavo vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo, ndinovimba kuti vanogona kuwana nyaradzo mukuti mamiriyoni ehama dzavo vagari vanyengeterere ivo. Ndinotarisira kuti ivo vanotorawo nyaradzo mukunzwisisa kuti chibairo chakaitwa nenzira yakanaka. "

Mazuva maviri gare gare, Cindy Sheehan, amai vemauto eUnited States vakaurayiwa muIraq mu2004, vakasimuka pedyo negedhi reimba yeBush vachiedza kumubvunza kuti chii chiri munyika chakakonzera chikonzero. Zviuru zvevanhu zvakabatana naye, kusanganisira nhengo dzeVeterans for Peace paye musangano waainge achitaura vasati vaenda kuCrawford. Vhidhiyo vakapa nyaya yacho zvakanyanya kwevhiki, asi Bush haana kupindura mubvunzo.

Vazhinji vatungamiri vanoshanyira Bumbi reSauto Singazivikanwi. Asi masoja akafira paGettysburg haayeukwi. Tinoyeuka kuti North yakakunda hondo, asi isu hatina munhu mumwechete kana wekurangarira mutoja mumwe nomumwe waiva chikamu chekukunda ikoko. Mauto anenge anenge asingazivikanwi, uye Dondo reAsaziwa rinomiririra vose. Ichi ndicho chiitiko chehondo chaivepo kunyange apo Pericles akataura, asi zvichida akanga aripo zvishoma panguva yehondo dzakasimba uye mhirizhonga dzeMiddle Ages, kana muJapan munguva yevaSamamura. Apo hondo inobatwa nemapakatwa uye nhumbi dzokuzvidzivirira - zvinodhura zvakagadzirirwa chete kune vakuuraya vemazuva ano vanoita basa rokuuraya uye hakuna chimwe chinhu - ivavo varwi vanogona kuisa upenyu hwavo pangozi nokuda kwekubwinya kwavo pachavo.

Chikamu: MASHOKO NEMAVHA ZVINOKWADI MUCHOKUDZISA ADS

Apo "anokudzwa" anorehwa kune avo vanowana nhaka pamwe chete nehutarisiro hunotarisirwa kwavari, musoja mumwe nomumwe aive zvishoma zvishoma pane guhu muhondo yehondo. Izvozvo zvakashandurwa nepfuti, uye nemaitiro emaAmerica akadzidza kubva kumarudzi evanhu uye anoshandiswa kurwisana neBritish. Zvino, mumwe murombo angave gamba rehondo, uye aizopiwa chirongwa kana ruvara panzvimbo yevakuru. "Mutoja acharwisa kwenguva yakareba uye zvakaoma kuti awane rudibhoni ruvara," akadaro Napoleon Bonaparte. MuchiShanduro cheFrance, iwe hauna kudikanwa chikwata chemhuri; iwe unogona kurwisana uye kufera mureza wemarudzi. Nenguva yeNapoleon uye yeUnited States War, iwe hauna kutoda kunyengera kana unyanzvi kuti uve murwi akanaka. Iwe waingofanira kutora nzvimbo yako mumutsara wakareba, mira ipapo, uye dzimwe nguva uzvitepedze kupfura pfuti yako.

Cynthia Wachtell's book War No More: The Antiwar Impulse muAmerican Literature 1861-1914 inotaura nyaya yekupikisana nehondo inokurira kuzvinyengera, kuzvizvidzivirira, kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi ekudhinda, uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu, nekuzvisimbisa sechisungo chenguva dzose uye mabhuku e US mabhuku (uye cinema) kubvira ipapo. Iyo nhau, muchikamu chikuru, chevanhu vanonamatira kumapfungwa ekare evakuru vehondo uye pakupedzisira kutanga kuvatendera kuti vaende.

Mumakore anotungamirira kusvika uye kusanganisira Hondo yeVanhu, hondo - inenge iine tsanangudzo - yaisagona kupikiswa mumabhuku. Pasi pesimba rakakura raSir Walter Scott, hondo yakaratidzwa sechinhu chaifungidzirwa uye chinodanana. Rufu rwakanga rwakapfigwa nemhando dzakanyoroka dzehope dzakanaka, kunaka kwepanyama, uye chivalric kubwinya. Mavanga uye kukuvadzwa hazvina kuonekwa. Kutya, kushungurudzika, upenzi, kutsamwa nedzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanyanya pakati pehondo chaiyo zvakanga zvisipo mune fomu raro.

"Sir Walter aiva neruoko rwakakura mukugadzira chimiro cheSouth, sezvazvakanga zviripo hondo isati yasvika," akadaro Mark Twain, "kuti iye ari kunyanya kukonzera hondo." Mutauro weNorth wakanga wakafanana zvakajeka nehupenyu hwezasi. "Kana North neSouth zvingabvumirana pane zvishoma munguva yehondo," Wachtell akanyora,

"Vakanga vari nyore kubvumirana pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvavo zvinyorwa. Pasinei nokuti kuvimbika kwavo kwaiva kuChitederacy kana Union, vaverengi vaida kuvimbiswa kuti vanakomana vavo, vanun'una, uye vanababa vaitamba zvikamu mumabasa anokosha aifarirwa naMwari. Vanyori vanowanikwa munguva yehondo vaitaura nezvemashoko akagoverana evanhu vane manzwiro ekutambudzika, kusuruvara, uye chibayiro. Zvishoma kududzira uye zvakanakira kududzirwa kwehondo zvakanga zvisingagamuchiri. "

Kurumbidzwa kwehondo kwaive kwakanyanya kuburikidza nei izvo Phillip Knightley anodana "makore ekare" emakwikwi ehondo, 1865-1914:

"Kuverengi muLondon kana kuNew York, hondo dziri kure kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingazivikanwe dzinofanirwa kunge dzakaita sedzechokwadi, uye iyo Golden Age maitiro ekurondedzera kwehondo - apo mabhuni anotsvaira, mhepo dzinodzvova, kurwisana kunopesana, mukuru wevarume ane ushingi, masoja akaoma, uye zvigaro zvavo zvinoshandisa basa pfupi remuvengi - kungowedzera kune manyepo kuti iyo yose yaiva nhau inonakidza yezvakaitika. "

Tichiri kurarama kubva pane iyi mabhuku ekare-e-anti-proted war nhasi. Iyo inotenderera nyika se zombie, sezvinongoita sezvisikwa zvekusika, kupisa kwepasi pose, nekusarura. Iko kunoumba maitiro e congress 'kushumira kuremekedza Dhavhidhi Petraeus sezvinongoita kudai akarwisana nebakatwa uye bhiza panzvimbo pane davi uye terevhizheni studio. Uye zvakangofanana nekufa uye kusina maturo sezvazvaive apo mauto eHondo Yenyika I akafamba kuenda kundofira muminda nokuda kwayo:

"Nhengo mbiri dzakarangarira kubwinya kwekare, vachishandisa chiratidzo chemurwi knight kurondedzera hondo semubatiro mukuremekedzwa kwevanhu uye hutungamiri hwepamusoro, pavanenge vachishandisa teknolojia yekugadzirira hondo yekuita. PaHondo yeSomme, yakatanga munaJuly 1916, maBritish akarova mauto emasere kwemazuva masere ndokubva apfuura achibva pamabheji ebheperi kuti aende. Jerman machine machine gunners vakauraya 20,000 wavo zuva rokutanga. Pashure pemwedzi mina mauto eGermany ainge adzoka makiromita mashomanana pamutengo we 600,000 Allied akafa uye 750,000 German akafa. Kusiyana nekukakavadzana kwemakoloni akajairika kumasimba ose emumambo aibatanidzwa, rufu rwekufa kumativi ose rwakanga rwuri pachena. "

Nokuti vanoita hondo vanogara munguva yose yehondo, sezvavari kuita vasati vatanga kuitanga, vanhu veBritain, France, Germany, uye gare gare United States, vakanga vasina kurega vachiziva zvizere zvakakwana zvevanhu vakaurayiwa seHondo Yenyika I yakatamba kunze. Dai vakanga vanga vari, vangave vakamira.

Chikamu: HONDO IYE KUNA VANHU

Kunyangwe kutaura kuti isu takadzvinyirira hondo ndeyokuisa zvakanaka kunongedzera zvinhu, uye kwete nokuti zvisarudzo zvehondo zvichiri kuitwa nevasingaverengeki vemauto. Kubvira paHondo yeVietnam, United States yakadonhedzera zvose zvekufungidzira kwemauto ehondo zvakashandiswa kune vose. Panzvimbo pacho tinopedza mabhiriyoni emadhora pakutsvaga, kuwedzera mari yebhasi, uye kupa mabhosi ekuisa mabhizimisi kusvikira vanhu vakakwana "vachizvidira" vanobatana nekusainira zvibvumirano zvinobvumira mauto kuchinja mazwi paanoda.

Kana mamwe mauto aidiwa, ingowedzera zvibvumirano zveavo vamunazvo. Unoda zvimwezve? Sangano reNational Guard uye kutumira vana kuhondo vakanyora kuti vachange vachibatsira dutu remhepo. Kunyange zvakadaro hazvikwani? Hire makontrakiti ekufambisa, kubika, kuchenesa, uye kuvaka. Regai mauto ave varwi vakachena vane basa roga roga rokuuraya, sekungofanana nemagetsi ekare. Bhoom, iwe wakakurumidza kuwedzera uwandu hwesimba rako, uye hakuna munhu anocherechedza kunze kwevabatsiri.

Achiri kuda vamwe vanouraya? Hire mercenaries. Hire kune dzimwe nyika. Hazvina kukwana? Shandisa mabhiriyoni emadhora pamakambaniki kuti uwedzere simba romumwe nomumwe. Shandisa ndege isina kuudzwa zvokuti hapana munhu anokuvara. Vimbise vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika ivo vachava vagari vemo kana vachibatana. Shandura maitiro ekunyora: tora 'em mukuru, mafuta, mune hutano hwakaipisisa, ane dzidzo shoma, ine zvinyorwa zvemhosva. Ita zvikoro zvepamusoro kupa vatori vechikwata chekuongorora maitiro uye kudzidzisa kwevadzidzi, uye kuvimbisa vadzidzi vanogona kutevera munda yavo yakasarudzwa munyika inoshamisa yekufa, uye kuti iwe uchatumira kukoroji kana vachirarama-hey, achingovimbisa kuti ichakubhadhara iwe hapana. Kana vakasagadzikana, iwe wakatanga zvakare. Isai mitambo yemavhidhiyo mumashamba ezvitoro. Tumira jinormedmed generals kuchikoro chechikoro chekuchera vana kuti vauye kune pfungwa yekunyatsopika uye kupika zvakakwana kutendeseka kune iyo mureza. Shandisa nguva 10 mari yekuunganidza mumwe musungwa mutsva apo tinopedza kudzidzisa mwana mumwe nomumwe. Ita chero chinhu, chero chinhu, chero chinhu chipi zvacho kunze kwekutanga gwaro.

Asi kune zita remutambo uyu wekudzivisa tsika yemagariro. Inonzi chirongwa cheurombo. Nemhaka yokuti vanhu vanotadza kusada kuita zvehondo, avo vane mamwe mabasa anosarudzwa vanosarudza kusarudza zvimwe zvingasarudzwa. Avo vanoona mauto seimwe yezvisarudzo zvavo chete, kupfura kwavo chete mukoro yekoroji, kana kuti nzira yavo bedzi yekupukunyuka hupenyu hwavo hwakavhiringidzika inogona kunyora. Maererano neHas Not Your Soldier Project:

"Vakawanda vekushandira zveuto vanobva kunzvimbo dziri pasi-median.

"Muna 2004, 71 muzana yevanhu vatsva vanozvigadzira, 65 muzana yeLatino inoshandurwa, uye 58 muzana yevashandi vachena vakabva kune imwe nyika-mizana yevagari vomunharaunda.

"Kuwandisa kwevadzidzi vaigara kuchikoro chesekondari vakadzika kubva ku86 muzana mu2004 kusvika ku73 muzana mu2006.

"[Vashandi] havambotauri kuti mari yekoroji yakaoma kuuya - chete 16 muzana yevashandi vakanyorerwa avo vakapedza makore mana emabasa emisasa vakambowana mari yekuchikoro. Havaiti kuti unyanzvi hwemabasa vanopikira hahuzopfuuriri munyika chaiyo. Chengetani 12 yezana yevarume veterans uye 6 yezana yevakadzi veterans kushandisa unyanzvi hunozivikanwa muuto mune basa ravo remazuva ano. Uyezve, ivo vanoderedza dambudziko rekuurawa pavanenge vari pabasa. "

Mutsara we2007 Jorge Mariscal yakatsanangurwa nekusanganiswa ne Associated Press iyo yakawana kuti "inenge nhatu-yechina ye [mauto eUnited States] akaurawa muIraq aibva kumaguta ayo mubhadharo wevanhu vainge ari pasi pevhareji yenyika. Inopfuura hafu yakauya kubva kumataundi ayo muzana yevanhu vanorarama muurombo vakaisa chiyero chenyika. "

"Zvichida hazvifaniri kushamisika," akanyora Mariscal,

"Kuti iyo yeGypsy GED Plus Inlistment Program, iyo vakakumbira vasina diplomasari yepamusoro-soro vanobvumirwa kunyora pavanopedza chikoro chepamusoro chechikoro chepamusoro, chinotarirwa mukati memumaguta-nzvimbo.

"Apo vashandi vechikoro vanoita kuti vaende kumakoreji avo emunharaunda yavo, vanowanzotarisana nevatori vehondo vanoshanda zvakaoma kuvaderedza. 'Iwe hausi kuenda kupi pano,' vatori vanoti. 'Iyi nzvimbo inopera. Ndinogona kukupa zvakawanda. ' Ongororo yePentagon-yakabhadharwa - yakadai seRAND Corporation's 'Youth Recruiting in College Market: Current Practices and Future Future Options' - taura pachena pamusoro pekoroji semuyananisi wenhamba yevamwe mukwidzi wechidiki. . . .

"Havasi vose vanotora, chokwadi, vanodzingwa nevanoda mari. Mukushamwaridzana-nzvimbo dzevanhu vemarudzi ose, pane kazhinji tsika dzakare-kare dzebasa rechiuto uye dzinobatanidza pakati pebasa uye mararamiro akasiyana-siyana evanhu. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowanzozivikanwa se'kune dzimwe nyika, 'dzakadai seLatinos neAsia, kune dambudziko rokushumira kuitira kuratidza kuti munhu' America. ' Kune vati vabva kune dzimwe nyika, kune mukana wekuwana mvumo yekugara kwepamutemo kana vagari venyika. Kudzvinyirira kwehupfumi, zvisinei, chinhu chisingaoneki chinokurudzira. . . . "

Mariscal anonzwisisa kuti kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvinokurudzira zvakare, kusanganisira chido chekuita chimwe chinhu chinokosha uye chakakosha kune vamwe. Asi iye anotenda kuti izvo zvinopesana nemafungiro zviri kushandiswa zvisiri izvo:

"Muchiitiko ichi, chido cheku 'kuita mutsauko,' akamboiswa muzvombo zvehondo, zvinoreva kuti vechidiki vechiAmerica vangave vauraye vanhu vasina mhosva kana kuti vakuvadzwa nehupenyu hwekurwa. Tora muenzaniso wakaipa weSgt. Paul Cortez, uyo akapedza kudzidza mu2000 kubva kuCentral High School muguta rekushanda reBarstow, Calif., Akabatana neArmed, uye akatumirwa kuIraq. Musi waMarch 12, 2006, akabatanidzwa mukubatwa kwechikwata chemukomana wekare weIraqi we14 uye kuponda kwake iye nemhuri yake yose.

"Paakabvunzwa nezveCortez, mumwe waaidzidza naye akati: 'Aisazoita chinhu chakadaro. Haaizombokuvadza mukadzi. Aisazomborova rimwe chete kana kutosimudza ruoko rwake kune rimwe. Kurwisana nenyika yake chinhu chimwe chete, asi kwete pazvinouya pakubata chibharo nekuuraya. Haasi iye. ' Ngatibvumirei kubvuma kuti 'haasi iye.' Kunyange zvakadaro, nekuda kwezviitiko zvezviitiko zvisingaverengeki uye zvisingakanganwirwi mukati memamiriro ezvinhu ehondo isina kukodzera uye younzenza, 'izvo' ndizvo zvaakazova. Musi waFebruary 21, 2007, Cortez akazvipa mhosva nemhosva yekubatwa chibharo uye zvikamu zvina zvekuuraya kwakaipa. Akatongerwa mazuva mashomanana gare gare, akatongerwa kuhupenyu mujeri uye hupenyu huri mugehena rake pachake. "

Mune bhuku re2010 rinonzi The Casualty Gap, Douglas Kriner naFrancis Shen vanotarisa mashoko kubva muHondo Yenyika II, Korea, Vietnam, neIraq. Vakaona kuti muHondo Yenyika II chete yakange yakanyatsogadziriswa kushandiswa, asi dzimwe nhatu dzehondo dzakabva dzisingabatsiri kubva kune varombo uye vasina kudzidza vakadzi veAmerica, vachizarura "dambudziko rekuparara" rakakura zvakanyanya muKorea, zvakare muVietnam, uye zvakare mu Hondo pamusoro peIraq sezvo mauto akashandurwa kubva pakanyorwa kuti "kuzvipira." Vanyori vanotaurawo kuongororwa kunoratidza kuti sezvo veAmerica vachiziva nezvekuparara kwepasipo, vanotsigira zvishoma hondo.

Kuchinja kubva kuhondo kunyanya nevafumi kuenda kuhondo kunyanya nevarombo kwave kuri kuenderera mberi uye kunopera kure. Kune chimwe chinhu, avo vari munzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro zvemasimba mumauto vanowanzove vakabva mumamiriro akakomborerwa. Uye pasinei nemamiriro avo ezvinhu, vakuru vakuru ndivo vasingaoneki kurwa. Kutungamirira mauto kuhondo hakusi iyo inoshanda zvakare, kunze kwepfungwa dzedu. Vose vatungamiri Bush vakaona kugamuchirwa kwavo kwekuonekwa kwepamusoro pamapurisa evanhu pavakarwisana nehondo - pakutanga pakutanga apo hondo dzakanga dzichiri itsva uye dzakanaka. Usambofungisisa kuti vatungamiri ava vakarwa hondo dzavo kubva kuHofisi yeOval Office. Chimwe chigumisiro cheizvi ndechokuti avo vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu vanorarama huripo ndevamwe vasingaoneki hondo yekufa pedyo, kana kuti vakambozviona.

Chikamu: AIR-CONDITIONED NIGHTMARE

Mutungamiri wekutanga Bush akaona Hondo Yenyika II kubva mundiza, akatotamira kure nekufa, kunyange kwete kure neReagan uyo akanga adzi kuenda kuhondo. Kungofanana nekufunga kwevavengi sevanhu vanoita kuti zvive nyore kuvauraya, kuvhombera kubva kumusoro mudenga zviri nyore nyore mupfungwa kunopfuura kupindira mubanga kana kuuraya mutengesi akamira akafukidzirwa ari kunze kwemasvingo. Vatungamiri Clinton naBush Jr. vakadzivisa Hondo yeVietnam, Clinton kuburikidza neropafadzo yekudzidzisa, Bush kuburikidza nekuva mwanakomana wababa vake. Mutungamiri Obama haana kumboenda kuhondo. Vachigaro Vachigaro Dan Quayle, Dick Cheney, uye Joe Biden, saClinton naBush Jr., vakanyora zvinyorwa. Vachigaro weMutungamiri Al Gore vakaenda kuHondo yeVietnam kwenguva pfupi, asi semutapi wenhau, kwete musoja uyo akaona hondo.

Kazhinji munhu anoita chisarudzo chokuti zviuru zvinofanira kufa nekuziva kwekuzviona zvichiitika. Musi waAugust 15, 1941, maNazi akanga atouraya vanhu vazhinji. Asi Heinrich Himmler, mumwe wevakuru vakuru vechiuto munyika iyo vaizotarisira kuurayiwa kwemamiriyoni matanhatu evaJudha, vakanga vasati vamboona munhu afa. Akakumbira kuti aone kuurayiwa muMinsk. VaJudha vakaudzwa kuti vauye mugomba umo vakadururwa uye vakafukidzwa nevhu. Zvadaro zvakawanda zvakaudzwa kuti zvidikire mukati. Vakadururwa uye vakafukidzirwa. Himmler akamira pamucheto achitarisa, kusvikira chimwe chinhu kubva pamusoro wemumwe munhu chakatasva panguvo yake. Akatendeuka akadzoka. Mukuru wemunzvimbo yacho akati kwaari:

"Tarisa maziso evarume vari muKommando. Ndeapi vateveri vatinodzidzisa pano? Pamwe neurotics kana savages! "

Himmler akavaudza kuti vaite basa ravo kunyange dai zvakanga zvakaoma. Akadzoka kuzoita zvake kubva kunyaradzo ye dawati.

Chikamu: SHALTI UNODA HERE?

Kuuraya mazwi kunonyoresa kupfuura zvazviri. Munhoroondo yose, varume vakaisa upenyu hwavo pangozi kuti vasapinda muhondo:

"Varume vatiza misha yavo, vakashanda kwenguva yakareba mujeri, vakagumburwa kubva pamakumbo, vakapfura patsoka kana kuratidza zvigunwe, kurwara kana kufara, kana kuti, kana vachikwanisika, vakabhadhara zvigaro zvekurwisana panzvimbo yavo. 'Vamwe vanovhota meno avo, vamwe vanozvipofumadza, uye vamwe vanozviremera ivo, pavanenge vachienda kwatiri,' mubati weEgypt akanyunyuta pamusoro pevarume vake vanogara vachiri kutanga kuma1900. Saka kusavimbika kwaiva iyo nzvimbo uye faira yeuto rePurussian remakore gumi nemasere remakore rekuti mabhuku ehondo anorambidza musasa pedyo nehuni kana musango. Mauto acho aizongotungira mumiti. "

Kunyange zvazvo kuuraya mhuka dzisiri dzevanhu zvinouya nyore nyore kune vanhu vazhinji, kuuraya vamwe vanhu kwakanyanya zvikuru kunze kwekunongedzera kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hunosanganisira kuwirirana nevanhu kuti tsika dzakawanda dzakagadzira tsika dzekushandura munhu chaiwo kuva murwi, uye dzimwe nguva kudzokerazve shure kwehondo. VaGiriki vekare, maAztecs, Chinese, Yanomamo maIndia, nevaSitiya vakashandisawo doro kana zvimwe zvinodhaka kuti zvive nyore kuuraya.

Vanhu vashomanana chete vanouraya kunze kwemauto, uye vazhinji vavo vanodzvinyirirwa zvikuru. James Gilligan, mubhuku rake rinonzi Violence: Reflections pamusoro peNyika Dambudziko, akawana mhaka inokonzera mhirizhonga kana kuzviuraya sekunyadziswa kukuru uye kunyadziswa, chido chakanyanya chekuremekedzwa uye chiremera (uye, rudo rwekunaka nekutarisira) zvakasimba zvokuti kungouraya ( iwe pachako uye / kana vamwe) kunogona kusunungura marwadzo - kana, pane kudaro, kusava nekunzwa. Apo munhu anonyara kunyanya kuda kwake (uye yekunyara), Gilligan anonyora, uye apo paanoona kwete kusagadzirisa mhinduro, uye kana asingakwanisi kunzwa rudo kana mhosva kana kutya, chigumisiro chinogona kuva chisimba. Asi zvakadini kana chisimba chiri kutanga? Zvakadini kana iwe uine vanhu vane utano hwakanaka kuuraya pasina kufunga? Izvozvo zvinogona here kuva mamiriro epfungwa akafanana neaya omunhu anenge apindwa mukati kuti auraye?

Chisarudzo chekuita chisimba kunze kwehondo hachisi chirevo, uye kazhinji chinosanganisira kufunga kwemashiripiti, sezvinonzi Gilligan anotsanangura kuburikidza nekuongorora zvinorehwa nemhosva umo mhondi dzave dzichivhiringidza miviri yavo yevakafa kana yavo. "Ndine chokwadi," anonyora kudaro,

"Chiito ichocho chisimba, kunyange pane zvazviri pachena, chisinganzwisisiki, chisingazwisisiki, uye chepfungwa, inonzwisisika kugadzirisa kune chinonyatsozivikanwa, chinogadziriswa chemiitiro; uye kuti kunyange apo inoratidzika kuti inokurudzirwa ne 'mazano' okuzvifarira, ndiwo mugumo wemagumo ezvimwe zvinhu zvisingafungi, zvinoparadza, uye zvisingazivi zvingadzidzwa, zvakazivikanwa, uye zvinonzwisiswa. "

Kudyiswa kwezvitunha, chero chii chinotungamira munyaya imwe neimwe, chiito chinowanzojairika muhondo, kunyange zvazvo ichibatanidzwa nevanhu vakawanda vakanga vasingadi kuita zvechisimba vasati vauya muuto. Mifananidzo yakawanda yemakwikwi ehondo kubva muHondo yeIraq inoratidza zvitunha uye zvikamu zvemuviri zvinogadziriswa uye zvichiratidzwa mukati-pedyo, zvakagadzirirwa mundiro sekunge kuti kune mhuka. Zvakawanda zvezvifananidzo izvi zvakatumirwa nemauto eAmerica kuenda kune webhusaiti yakatengesa zvinonyadzisira. Zvichida, mifananidzo iyi yaifungidzirwa sechisimba chehondo. Zvichida, zvakasikwa nevanhu vakanga vauya kurwisana - kwete neAammlers kana Dick Cheneys vanofarira kutumira vamwe, asi nevanhu vaifarira chaizvo kuvapo, vanhu vakanyoresa mari yekoroji kana kutambira uye vakadzidziswa sevanhu vaurayi.

Musi waJune 9, 2006, mauto eUnited States akauraya Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, akatora mufananidzo wemusoro wake wakafa, akauputira kusvika pakukura kukuru, uye akauisa mufurati pamusangano wepasita. Kubva munzira yaive yakagadzirirwa, musoro waigona kunge wakabatanidzwa mumuviri kana kwete. Zvichida izvi zvaireva kuva kwete uchapupu hwekufa kwake, asi rudzi rwekutsiva kwezvinyorwa zveAl-Zarqawi zveAmerica.

Gilligan kunzwisisa kwechikonzero chinokurudzira chisimba chinobva mukushanda mumajeri nemapoka ehutano hwepfungwa, kwete kubva mukutora hondo, uye kwete kubva kutarisa nyaya. Anotsanangura kuti tsanangudzo yakajeka yechisimba inowanzoipa:

"Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti zvipamba zvombo zvakagadzirisa zvitadzo zvavo kuti vawane mari. Uye zvechokwadi, dzimwe nguva, ndizvo zvavanofananidza maitiro avo. Asi kana iwe ukagara pasi uye uchitaura nevanhu vanoita zvinowanzoita mhosva, izvo zvamunonzwa ndezvokuti, 'Handina kumbobvira ndiine ruremekedzo rukuru pamberi pangu muupenyu hwangu sezvandakaita apo ini ndakatanga kutaura pfuti kune mumwe munhu,' kana, 'Iwe ungadai' Tenda kuti iwe unoremekedzwa zvakadini apo iwe une bhoti rinotarisa pane imwe chiso chedude. ' Kune varume vakararama hupenyu hwose pane kudya kwekuzvidza nekuzvidza, muedzo wokuwana ruremekedzo rukuru nenzira iyi inogona kuva yakakosha zvakanyanya kupfuura mari yekuenda kujeri, kana kunyange yekufa. "

Kunyange zvazvo chisimba, kunyanya munyika yevanhu, chisingaiti, Gilligan inoratidza nzira dzakananga dzingadziviswa kana kukurudzirwa. Kana iwe uchida kuwedzera chisimba, anonyora, iwe unotora matanho anotevera ayo United States atora: Kuranga vanhu vazhinji uye vanowedzera nehasha; kubvisa zvinodhaka izvo zvinodzivisa chisimba uye zvinyoresa uye kuzivisa izvo zvinokurudzira; vanoshandisa mitero uye mitemo yezvemari yekuwedzera kusapfuma muupfumi nemari; Rambai dzidzo yevarombo; kupfuurira kurudzika; kubereka varaidzo inokurudzira chisimba; kuita zvombo zvinouraya zvinowanika nyore; kuwedzera kukwidziridzwa kwemabasa ehupenyu hwevarume nevakadzi; kukurudzira kusarura kune ungochani; shandisa chisimba kuranga vana kuchikoro uye pamusha; uye kuchengetedza kusakosha zvakakwana. Uye nei iwe ungaita izvozvo kana kuti uzvigadzirire? Zvichida nokuti vazhinji vanobatwa nechisimba varombo, uye varombo vanoronga kuronga nekutsvaga kodzero dzavo zviri nani kana vasingatyisidzi kupomerwa.

Gilligan anotarisa mhosva dzechisimba, kunyanya kuuraya, uye zvino anotarisa kurongwa hwedu hwechirwere chisimba, kusanganisira chirango chorufu, kubatwa kwejeri, nekuvharirwa ari oga. Anoona chirango chekudzorera sechirudzi chakafanana chechisimba chisina maturo semhosva inoranga. Anoona chisimba nehurombo sekuita zvakanyanya kukuvadza, asi haatauri nyaya yehondo. Mune mazita akasiyana-siyana Gilligan anonyatsojekesa kuti anokonzera hondo muchirevo chake chechisimba, asi pane imwe nzvimbo anorwisana nehondo, uye hapana paanotsanangura kuti dzidziso yake ingashandiswa sei.

Hondo dzinoshandiswa nehurumende, sekuita sangano redu rehurumende. Ivo vane midzi yakafanana here? Ko mauto nevatongi nevatengesi nevatongi vanoona kunyadziswa uye kunyadziswa here? Izvo zvinopesana nehondo uye kudzidziswa kwechiuto zvinobudisa pfungwa yokuti muvengi haana kuremekedza murwi uyo zvino anofanira kuuraya iye zvino kuti atore kukudzwa kwake? Kana kuti kuninipiswa kwechiregi chekugadzira chinangwa chakanaka kubudisa kugadziriswa kunorwisana pamusoro pevengi? Zvakadini nevakuru vehurumende nevatungamiri, vakuru vakuru uye zvombo zvehurumende CEOs, uye vhidhiyo yemasangano - avo vanonyatsosarudza kuva nehondo uye vanoita kuti zviitike? Havazi ivo vane chiremera chakakwirira chekuremekedza uye vanoremekedza kare, kunyange kana vakadaro vakapinda mune zvematongerwe enyika nekuda kwechido chavo chakanaka chekucherechedza kwakadaro? Hazvisi izvo zvakawanda zvinokurudzira, kufanana nemari, kubhadhara mari, nekuvhota kukunda pabasa pano, kunyange kana zvinyorwa zvePurogiramu yeNew American Century zvine zvakawanda zvokutaura nezvekusatya uye kutonga uye kutonga?

Uye zvakadini nevoruzhinji rwevanhu, kusanganisira vose vasiri vasiri vatsigiri vehondo? Zvinyorwa zvakajairika uye zvigadziro zvinokonzera zvinosanganisira: "Mavara aya haatamhanyi," "Kuzvikudza kuva muAmerica," "Usazombodzoka pasi," "Usacheka uye kumhanya." Hapana chinogona kunge chisina musoro kana chinomiririra kupfuura hondo mazano kana manzwiro, se "Global War on Terror," iyo yakatangwa sekutsiva, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vepamusoro avo avo vatsiviwa vanga vafa kare. Vanhu vanofunga kuti kudada kwavo uye kuzviremekedza vanovimba nekutsiva kunowanikwa mukuputira Afghanistan kusvikira pasina munhu akasiiwa kurwisana nehurumende yeU.S. Kana zvakadaro, hazvizoiti chinhu chakanaka kuti uvanotsanangurire kuti zviito zvakadaro chaizvoizvo zvinoita kuti tisanyanya kuchengeteka. Asi zvakadini kana vanhu vanoda kuremekedza vanoziva kuti tsika dzakadaro dzinoita kuti nyika yedu izvidzwa kana kuseka, kana kuti hurumende iri kuitamba ivo mapenzi, kuti veEurope vane hupenyu hwepamusoro hwepamusoro nekuda kwokusaisa mari yavo yose muhondo, kana kuti mutungamiri wepiguruti seHalimid Hamid Karzai ave achigadzira nemasukisi eAmerica mari?

Pasinei, imwe tsvakurudzo inoona kuti inongova zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvevanhu vanonakidzwa nekuuraya, uye vane pfungwa dzakanyanya kuvhiringidzika. Chinangwa chekudzidziswa zvechiuto ndechekuita vanhu vakagadzikana, kusanganisira vatsigiri vemazuva ose, kupinda munharaunda dzevanhu, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu ehondo, kuti vaite kuti vaite muhondo izvo zvingaonekwa sechinhu chakaipisisa chavanogona kuita pane imwe nguva ipi zvayo kana nzvimbo. Nzira iyo vanhu vanogona kufanirwa kudzidziswa kuuraya muhondo ndeyekufananidzira kuuraya mukurovedza. Vashandi vanobaya dummies kuti vafe, vachiimba "Ropa rinoita kuti uswa hukure!", Uye kupfura chinangwa chekuita nechinangwa chevanhu-chinouraya muhondo apo ivo vanotya mupfungwa dzavo. Havazodiwi pfungwa dzavo. Mafungiro avo achatora. "Chinhu chimwe chete chine tariro chero ipi zvayo yekukurudzira midbrain," anonyora kudaro Dave Grossman, "ndizvo chete chinhu chinokanganisa imbwa: chechipiri uye inoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu."

"Icho ndicho chinoshandiswa pakudzidzisa vanodzima moto uye vatyairi vengarairi kuti vaite pane zvinetso zvakanyanya: kunyatsodzokorora kwekukurudzira kwavanosangana navo (mumurazvo womoto kana simulator yemhepo) uyezve kuumbwa kwakanyanya kwezvinodiwa kudai izvo zvinokurudzira. Stimulus-response, stimulus-response, stimulus-response. Mune dambudziko, apo vanhu ava vanotya kubva pamakumbo avo, vanoita zvakanaka uye vanochengeta upenyu. . . . Hatitauri vana vechikoro zvavanofanira kuita kana zvichiitika pamoto, tinozvigadzirisa; uye pavanotya, vanoita zvakanaka. "

Izvo chete kuburikidza nekunyanyisa uye kunyatsogadzirirwa mamiriro kuti vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuunzwa kuuraya. Sokunyora kwakaita Grossman nevamwe, "munhoroondo yese varume vazhinji munhandare havaizomboedza kuuraya muvengi, kunyangwe kununura hupenyu hwavo kana hweshamwari dzavo." Takachinja izvo.

Grossman anotenda kuti kuipa kwechisimba mumabhaisikopo, mitambo yemavhidhiyo, uye zvese zvetsika yedu ndiyo inobatsira zvikuru kumhirizhonga chaiyo munzanga uye anoipomera, kunyange paanopa mazano pamusoro penzira dzakanakisisa umo mauto anogona kugadzira vaurayi venguva yehondo. Kunyange zvazvo Grossman ari mubhizinesi rekupa mazano masoja akashungurudzika nokuuraya, anobatsira pakubudisa kuuraya kwakawanda. Handifungi kuti zvinokurudzira zvinotyisa sezvinoita izvozvo. Ndinofunga kuti anongotenda kuti kuuraya kunoshandurwa kuva simba rakanaka nekuzivisa kwehondo nenyika yake. Panguva imwechete iyo inotsigira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemhirizhonga mune zvemashoko uye mumitambo yevana. Pose paOne Killing anotaura sei zvisinganzwisisiki kuti mhirizhonga yezvechisimba ine simba yakakwana yekufambisa chisimba chisina hondo inofanirawo kuita basa revarwi vehondo nevadzidzisi nyore.

Muna 2010, kuratidzira nerunyararo vamanikidzi vakamanikidza Hondo kuti ivhare chimwe chinhu chakanga chakanzi Army Experience Centre, iyo yakanga iri muPennsylvania shopping mall. Pakati pevana, vana vakanga vaita hondo-simulating mitambo yemavhidhiyo yaisanganisira kushandiswa kwemauto chaiwo ehondo kunokonzerwa nemavhidhiyo. Vashandi vakapa mazano anobatsira. Hondo iyi yakaita izvi kuvana vaduku vaduku kuti vanyatsotorwa, vachinyatsofunga kuti zvingaita kuti vashandise kupiwa basa gare gare. Zvechokwadi, dzimwe nzira dzatinodzidzisa vana kuti chisimba chinogona kuva chakanaka uye chinobatsira chinosanganisira kushandiswa kushandiswa kwehondo pachayo uye kushandiswa kwehurumende kuurayiwa muhurongwa hwedu hwekutonga mhosva.

MunaAugust 2010, mutongi weAlabama akaedza munhu mhosva yekutyisidzira pa webhusaiti yepa Facebook kuti aite kuuraya kwakakura kwakafanana nepfuti inopfura yakauraya 32 vanhu kuVirginia Tech. Mutongo uyu? Murume wacho aifanira kupinda muchiuto. Hondo inoti iyo inomutora iye mushure mekunge apinda muedzo. "Masoja chinhu chakanaka, chakanaka kwauri," mutongi akamuudza. "Ndingareva kuti zvakaguma zvakanaka," gweta romurume wacho akabvuma.

Kana pane kuwirirana pakati pechisimba kunze kwehondo uye mukati maro, kana izvi zvisingaiti zvachose zviitiko zvisingawirirane, munhu angatarisira kuona kumusoro-kuenzana kwehuwandu hwehutsinye kubva kune veterans of war, kunyanya kubva kune avo vakave vachitarisana nechiso- chiso chokurwisana pasi. Muna 2007, Bhodhi yeJustice Statistics yakabudisa mushumo, uchishandisa data ye2004, kune veterans mujeri, ichizivisa kuti:

"Pakati pevarume vakuru vevanhu veUnited States mu2004, veterans vakanga vari hafu sevasiri veterans kuti vave mujeri (630 vasungwa pamapurisa e100,000, vachienzaniswa nevasungwa ve1,390 kune 100,000 vasati vagara vagari veUnited States)." Izvozvo zvinoratidzika, uye Ndakaona ichitorwa pasina izvo zvakazotevera:

"Kusiyana kwakanyanya kunotsanangurwa nezera. Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevarume veterans muhuwandu hweUnited States dzaive nemakore anopfuura 55, zvichienzaniswa ne17 muzana yevanhu vasiri veteran. Kuiswa mujeri kwevarume vakuru veterans (182 ne100,000) kwaive kwakadzika kudarika kune vane pasi pe 55 (1,483 ne100,000). "

Asi izvi hazvitiudze kana veterans vangave vashoma kana kuti vashoma kuti vasungwa, zvishoma kudzvinyirira. Mushumo unotiudza kuti vamwe veveterans avo vari mutirongo vave vakatongerwa mhosva dzechisimba kupfuura iyo nyaya yevasungwa vasina veterans, uye kuti ivo vashomanana vemauto avo avo vari mujeri vari muhondo. Asi hazvitiudze kana varume kana vakadzi vakamborwisana vashoma kana zvishoma kuti vaite zvechisimba kune vamwe vari muzera ravo.

Kana nhamba dzemhosva dzikaratidza huwandu hunowedzera hwehutsinye hwechisimba nevakuru vehondo, hapana vezvematongerwe enyika avo vaida kuramba vari vezvematongerwo enyika kwemazuva akawanda vangada kuzvinyora. Muna April 2009, mapepanhau akaparidzira kuti FBI neDhipatimendi reHumeland Security vakange vachirayira vashandi vavo vakanga vachitarisa kune vatsvene vemauto uye "mauto / madzishe-vagari vemhirizhonga" kuisa pfungwa kune veterans kubva kuIraq neAngland. Izvozvo zvinokonzera kutsamwa hazvikwanise kunge zvakanyanya kupisa uye FBI yakakurudzira kuisa pfungwa kune vatsvene sevanenge vachifungidzirwa sevanhu vemapoka akadaro!

Zvechokwadi zvinoratidzika zvisina kukodzera kuendesa vanhu kuti vaite basa rakaipa ndokuzobata rusaruro kwavari pavanodzoka. Veterans 'mapoka akazvitsaurira kurwisa kusarura kwakadaro. Asi nhamba dzeboka hazvifaniri kuonekwa sechikonzero chekusaruramisirwa kwevanhu. Kana kutumira vanhu kurwisana kunoita kuti zviwandise zvingangova nengozi isu tinofanira kuziva kuti, sezvo kutumira vanhu kuhondo chimwe chinhu chatinogona kusarudza kurega kuita. Hapana munhu angangova pangozi ipi neipi yekurapa veterans zvisina kururama kana tisina veterans zvakare.

Musi waJuly 28, 2009, Washington Post yakatanga nyaya yakatanga:

"Mauto anodzoka kubva kuIraq mushure mekushanda ne Fort Carson, Colo., Kurwiswa kwebatoti vakaratidza huwandu hwepamusoro hwekuita zvemhosva mumaguta avo emisha, vachiita rwonzi rwekuuraya nezvimwe zviito izvo vekare-mauto vanofunga kuti vanoranga chirango uye zvikamu zvekusaziva kusarura panguva yekutsvaira kwavo, zvichienderana nekuongorora kwemwedzi mitanhatu nepepanhau reColor Springs Gazette. "

Mhosva idzi masoja ainge aita muIraq aisanganisira kuuraya varwi nenzira dzisina kumira-mune dzimwe nguva pamusana-pasina chando - kushandisa zvigadziriswa zvidhori kune vatapwa, kusunungura vanhu kubva pamabhiriji, kuendesa zvombo nemabhodhi asina kuvhiringidza, kushandisa zvinodhaka, uye kuuraya miviri yeIraqis. Mhosva dzavakanga vaita pavakadzokera kumusha vaisanganisira kubata, kushungurudzwa mumisha, kuputika, kupamba, kupamba uye kuzviuraya.

Hatigoni kuwedzera kuhondo yose kubva kumhosva inosanganisira 10 veterans, asi zvinokurudzira kuti mauto pachake akatenda kuti matambudziko anowanzoonekwa nehondo yemazuva ano "angave akawedzera njodzi" dzevarwi vanoita kuuraya zvakare munyika yevagari vemo kuuraya hakugoni kunakidza.

Ongororo dzakawanda dzinopedzisa kuti veterans vanotambura nechekare-kunetseka mupfungwa dambudziko (PTSD) vanonyanya kuita zvechisimba kupfuura veterans vasingatambudziki nePTSD. Ichokwadi kuti avo vane chirwere chePTSD vanogonawo kuva avo vakaona hondo yakawanda. Kunze kwekuti vasiri vati vese vanotambura vane huwandu hwakaderera hwechisimba kudarika vanhu vemazuva ose, veterans pavhareji vanofanira kunge vane yakakwirira.

Kunyange zvazvo nhamba dzekuuraya dzinoratidzika zvakaoma kuuya, avo vanozviuraya vanowanikwa nyore nyore. Panguva yekunyorwa uku, hondo yeUnited States yakanga iri kurasikirwa nehupenyu huzhinji kuzviuraya pane kurwisana, uye mauto iwayo akanga aona kurwisana aizviuraya pamwero wakakwirira kudarika avo vakanga vasina. Masoja akaisa mukana wekuzviuraya wevarindi vemauto anoshandiswa pa20.2 ne100,000, yakakwirira kudarika yehuwandu hweUnited States kunyange kana huchigadzirirwa hutano nezera. Uye iyo Veterans Administration mu2007 yakaisa chiwero chokuzviuraya kune veterans veUnited States vakanga vasiya mauto nechisimba 56.8 ne100,000, yakakwirira kudarika chiyero chekuzviuraya kune nyika ipi neipi pasi pano, uye yakakwirira kudarika chiyero chekuzviuraya kune varume kunze kweBelrusrus - nzvimbo imwechete iyo Hemler akacherechedza kuponda kwevanhu vazhinji. Magazini inonzi Time yakataurwa musi waApril 13, 2010, iyo-pasinei nekusada kwechiuto kuzvigamuchira - chimwe chinhu chinokonzera, zvinoshamisa, zvakangodaro hondo:

"Chiitiko chehondo chinogonawo kuita basa. 'Kurwisana kunowedzera kusatya pamusoro perufu uye kukwanisa kuzviuraya,' akadaro Craig Bryan, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzeYunivhesiti yeTexas, achitaura nezvePentagon vakuru munaJanuary. Kubatanidzwa kwekurwisana kwehondo uye kugadzirira kushandiswa kwepfuti kunogona kuuraya kune munhu anofungidzira kuzviuraya. Inenge hafu yevarwi vanozviuraya ivo vanoshandisa zvombo, uye nhamba yacho inosimudzira kusvika ku93 muzana pakati pevaya vanoendeswa munzvimbo dzehondo.

"Bryan, nyanzvi yekuzviuraya iyo ichangobva kusiya Air Force, inoti mauto anozviwana pachake mubasa-22. 'Tinodzidzisa varwi vedu kuti vashandise kurwisana nechisimba uye kushungurudzwa, kuti vadzvinyirire zvakasimba kushushikana mupfungwa mukutarisana nematambudziko, kushivirira kurwadziwa mumuviri uye mupfungwa uye kukunda kutya kwekukuvadza nerufu,' akaudza TIME. Kunyange zvazvo zvichitarisirwa kurwisana, 'unhu uhwu hunobatanidzwawo nehuwandu hwekuzviuraya.' Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haagoni kukanganiswa 'pasina kukanganisa zvakakosha kukwikwidza kwehondo dzedu,' anowedzera kudaro. 'Nhengo dzebasa iri, kungoisa, kuwedzera kukwanisa kuzviuraya pachavo nekuguma kwekudzidzira kwavo unyanzvi.' "

Chimwe chikonzero chinogona kuve kusasha kwekunzwisisa kwakananga kuti hondo chii. Varwi muhondo yakafanana neHondo kuAustralia havana chikonzero chakanaka chekutenda kuvhunduka kwavanotarisana navo uye kuzviita vanoruramiswa nechimwe chinhu chinokosha. Apo mumiririri wepurezidhendi kuAghanistan haagoni kutaura nezvechinangwa chehondo kumasenateri, mauto angatarisirwa sei kuziva? Uye munhu angararama sei nekuuraya asina kuziva kuti chii chakanga chiri?

Chikamu: VETERANS HAKASI VANHU VENYU

Zvechokwadi, vazhinji veterans vanomhanyira munguva dzakaoma havazvizvidi kuzviuraya. Zvechokwadi, veterans muUnited States - vose avo "vanotsigira mauto" hurukuro nevapfumi uye vane simba zvisinei - havakwanisi kunyanya kuva vasina pokugara. Masoja haaiti, zvechokwadi, akaisa pfungwa imwechete pakubatsira varwi kuti vave vasiri varwi kuti vanoisa pahupenyu hwavo hwekare. Uye vanhu havaiti nomwoyo wose kukurudzira veterans kuti vatende kuti zviito zvavo zvaive zvakarurama.

Vietnam Veterans veterans vakagamuchirwa zvakare nekutengesa kukuru uye kushorwa, izvo zvakakanganisa mafungiro avo zvinotyisa. Veterans veHondo kuIraq neAngland vanowanzogamuchirwa kumusha nemubvunzo wokuti "Unoreva here kuti hondo iri kuenderera mberi?" Mubvunzo iwoyo haufaniri kunge wakaipisisa sekuudza mumwe munhu kuti aita uhondi, asi inzira yakareba kubva kusimbisa kukosha uye kukosha kwezvavakaita.

Kutaura zvingave zvinobatsira kune veterans 'hutano hwepfungwa, zvimwe zvose zvakaenzana, chimwe chinhu chandinoda kuita. Asi handizvo zvandiri kuita mubhuku rino. Kana tichizoenda mberi kwehondo ichava kuburikidza nokuvandudza tsika yehukuru hukuru hunosunungura utsinye, kutsiva, uye chisimba. Vanhu vanonyanya kukonzera hondo ndevaya vari pamusoro, avo vanokurukurwa muchitsauko 6. Kuranga mhosva dzavo zvinogona kudzivisa hondo munguva yemberi. Kuranga veterans hakuzogadziri hondo mune zvishoma. Asi shoko rinofanira kuenderera mberi sangano redu harisi rekurumbidza nekutenda nekuda kwemhosva dzakaipisisa dzatinobudisa.

Iyo mhinduro, ndinofunga kuti haisi kurumbidza kana kuranga veterans, asi kuvaratidza mutsa pavanenge vachitaura chokwadi chaidiwa kurega kuwedzera akawanda avo. Veterans uye vasiri veteran vanogona kunge vane rusununguko rwehutano hwehutano hwehutano, hutano hwehutano hwakakwana, mikana yezvidzidzo, mikana yebasa, kuchengetwa kwevana, mazororo, basa rakavimbiswa, uye kubvisa basa kana tikasiya kurasa zvinhu zvedu zvose muhondo. Kupa veterans nezvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakangwara hungave huwandu hunopfuura hutano husina kunaka hunovanzwa pakunzwa kushorwa kwehondo.

Matthis Chiroux musungwa weUnited States uyo akaramba kutumira kuIraq. Anoti akanga akamira muGermany uye akaita shamwari dzakawanda dzevaGermany, vamwe vavo vakamuudza kuti nyika yake yaive kuitei muIraq uye Afghanistan kwaiva kuparadza. Chiroux anoti izvi zvakamugumbura zvikuru, asi kuti akafunga nezvazvo ndokuita mazviri, uye zvinogona kunge zvakaponesa upenyu hwake. Iye zvino anoonga, anoti, kune vamwe veJalimane vakashinga vakanga vachida kumutsamwisa. Pano kugumbura vanhu!

Ndakasangana nevarwi vemazana veHondo kuIraq neAngland avo vakawana nyaradzo nekuzorodzwa pakuva vadzivisi vevhangeri vehondo chaivo dzavakarwisana uye, mune dzimwe nguva, vanova vacisters vanoramba kurwisana zvakare. Veterans, uye kunyange mauto anoshingaira, haafaniri kuva vavengi vevanhu vanoita rugare. Sezvo Captain Paul Chappell anotaura mubhuku rake rinonzi The End of War, nguva dzose pane nguva yakawanda pakati pevanhu vane mafungiro. Varwi vanotora mufaro unofadza mukuuraya vasina mhosva uye vanoita zvematongerwo enyika vanopfira veterans vari kure nemakiromita (kana zvichida zvishomanana kupfuura ivo vanofunga), asi vaverengi vanobatanidzwa uye vanopesana nehondo vari pedyo zvikuru uye vane zvakawanda zvakafanana pane izvo anoparadzanisa ivo. Chimwe chikamu chemazana eAmerica, uye kunyange chikamu chikuru chevanhu vanoita zvekururama, vanoshanda kune vanoita zvombo uye vamwe vatengesi vemabhizimisi ehondo.

Kunyange zvazvo masoja achiona zviri nyore kuuraya ari kure ne drones kana kushandisa masheya ekupisa uye usiku, kuridza vhidhiyo-mhuka yemutambo umo havafaniri kuona avo vakaurayiwa, vezvematongerwo enyika vanovatumira kuhondo kune rimwe danho rinopfuurira akabviswa uye ave nenguva yakanyanyoroka kudzivisa manzwiro ezvomutoro. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvatinogona kunzwisisa mamiriro ayo mazana emapoka eDare reVamiririri "vanopikisa" uye "vatsoropodzi" vehondo asi vachiri kuramba vachiripa mari? Uye isu tose isu vagari pane imwezve danho rakabviswa zvakare.

Varwi vave vakaona zviri nyore kuuraya vachishandisa chidimbu chemidziyo inoda vanhu vanopfuura mumwe kuti vashandise, kuparadzanisa mutoro. Tinofunga nenzira imwe chete. Kune mazana ezviuru zvemamiriyoni evanhu asingakwanisi kutora matanho makuru ekumisa hondo idzi, saka zvirokwazvo handigone kutongerwa kukanganisa kumwe chete, chaiko? Zvishoma zvandinokwanisa kuita, apo ndichizvidzivirira kune kushorwa zvakasimba, ndechokunzwira tsitsi vanhu avo mune dzimwe nguva vakapinda muchiuto musipo kweimwe nzira dzandakanga ndava, uye kukudza kupfuura avo vose vanowana ushingi uye hutsinye mukati me mauto kuti aise zvombo zvavo uye arambe kuita izvo zvavanoudzwa, kana kuwana kuwana uchenjeri hwekutaura zvakare mushure mekuzvidemba pamusoro pezvavakaita.

Chikamu: MASHOKO EZVIMWE

Nhema dzakataurirwa kuronga hondo dzakagara dzisanganisira nyaya dzinoshamisa, uye kubvira pakasikwa cinema, nyaya dzevarwi vane simba vakashandiswa ikoko. Dare Revanhu Rinobudiswa Rakabudisa-marefu mafirimu mafirimu pamwe nekupa hurukuro yemaminitsi e4 apo reels yakachinjwa.

"MuMusingaendi (1918), yakaitwa pamwe nekubatsirana kweUnited States Marine Corps, mupfumi uye ane simba Phil anodzidza kuti 'kuzvikudza kwechikoro hakuna chinhu' sezvaanoona mutyairi wake afa muhondo, anowana kutenda mushure mekuona mufananidzo waKristu achifamba iyo hondo, uye inowira mukuda musikana akanaka wekuBelgium asingambopukunyuki kubatwa nechiremera nemukuru weGermany. "

DW Griffith's 1915 film Kuberekwa kweNyika pamusoro peHondo yeVanhu uye kuvakazve kwakabatsira kutanga hondo yevamwe vanhu, asi Mwoyo Yake Yepasi mu1918, yakaitwa nerubatsiro rwemasoja, yakadzidzisa vaAmerica kuti Hondo Yenyika I yaiva pamusoro pekurwisana nemasikirwo asina mhosva kubva kumakumbo evakaipa.

KweHondo Yenyika II, Office of War Information yakaratidza mashoko, yakarongedza zvinyorwa, uye yakakumbira kuti zviitiko zvisingadikanwi zvigurwa, kutora mhizha yefirimu kusimudzira hondo. Masoja akabhadhara Frank Capra kuti atange mafirimu manomwe emap-war. Iyi tsika, zvechokwadi, yakapfuurira kune zuva ranhasi neHollywood blockbusters iri kugara ichibudiswa nekubatsirwa kubva muchiuto cheUnited States. Mauto ari munyaya idzi anoratidzwa sevarwi.

Munguva yehondo chaiyo, mauto anoda kuudza nyaya dzinonakidza dzehupenyu chaihwo-masimba, zvakare. Hapana chakanaka pakutsvaga. Kwemavhiki mashomanana muHondo yeIraq, vhidhiyo yeUnited States, pakusvitswa kwemauto ne White House, vakatanga kupa kupedzisa kugoverana kune nyaya yemusikana wechikadzi ainzi Jessica Lynch uyo aifungidzirwa kuti akabatwa munguva yekushandurana nehasha uye ipapo zvinoshamisa zvakanunurwa. Akanga ari maviri heroine uye musikana ari kutambudzika. Pentagon yenhema inonzi Lynch yakange ichitsva uye maronda ehondo, uye kuti yakanga yakarovererwa pamusoro pemubhedha wake muchipatara uye yakabvunzurudzwa. Lynch akaramba nyaya yose ndokunyunyuta kuti mauto akanga amushandisa. Musi waApril 24, 2007, Lynch akapupura pamberi peDare reDare rekutarisira neHurumende Reform:

"[Pakarepo mushure mekutorwa kwangu], nhau dzekurwisa hukuru dzakanga dzichiudzwa. Musha wemubereki wangu muWirt County yakanga iri pasi pekukombwa kwevhidhiyo vose vachidzokorora nhau yemusikana muduku Rambo kubva kumakomo akaenda kundorwa. Yakanga isiri yechokwadi. . . . Ini ndichiri kuvhiringidzika kuti nei vakasarudza kureva nhema. "

Mumwe musoja aibatanidzwa mubasa uyo aiziva kuti nyaya dzaiva dzenhema uye ivo vakataura panguva iyo mauto "aifamba mafirimu" aiva Pat Tillman. Akange ari nyanzvi yebhobhoza uye ainge atadza kupa mvumo yemamiriyoni emadhora emabhodhi kuitira kuti abatane nemauto uye kuita basa rake rekuda nyika kudzivirira nyika kubva kune magandanga akaipa. Akanga ari mutungamiriri chaiwo akakurumbira muuto reUnited States, uye terevhizheni yakaitwa Ann Coulter akamuti "munhu wekuAmerica wekutanga-akanaka, wakachena, uye mukomana semurume weAmerica chete anogona kuva."

Kunze kwekuti haana kuuya kuzotenda zvakare nyaya dzakamuita kuti abvunze, uye Ann Coulter akamira kumurumbidza. Musi waSeptember 25, 2005, yeSan Francisco Chronicle yakashuma kuti Tillman akanga atsiura hondo yeIraq uye akanga agadzirira musangano nemukurumbira wehondo ainzi Noam Chomsky kuitika paakadzoka kubva kuAustralia, mashoko ose ayo amai vaTillman naChomsky vakazosimbisa . Tillman aisagona kuzvisimbisa nokuti akanga afa muA Afghanistan mu2004 kubva pamabhuru matatu kusvika pamhuma pafupfupi, mabhoti akafurirwa neAmerica.

White House uye mauto akaziva kuti Tillman akanga afa kubva kune izvo zvinonzi moto unofadza, asi ivo vakaudza nhema zvenhau kuti akafira muchitsinhaniso chisina kunaka. Vatungamiri veMapurisa veMapurisa vaiziva chokwadi uye vakabvumira kupa Tillman Silver Silver, Purple Heart, uye kukurudzirwa mberi, zvose zvichibva pakufa kwake kurwisa muvengi.

Nhau dzinoshamisa dzinopikisa pfungwa yevarwi vane simba dzinotaurirwawo zvakare. Karen Malpede's play Prophecy inoratidza munhu anozviuraya weHondo muIraq. Mafirimu akadai MuMupata weEllah anounza kukanganisa kunoita hondo kumasoja, uye kupa maonero ekutenda kwavo kuti izvo zvavakaita zvinopesana nehutsinye. Green Zone inoratidzira musoja achiziva zvishoma kuti Hondo yeIraq yaive yakavakirwa pane nhema.

Asi hapana chikonzero chekutendeukira kune nhema kana kuti kubudisa nyaya dzinoratidza varwi sezvavari chaizvo. Zvose zvinodiwa ndekutaura navo. Vakawanda, chokwadi, vachiri kutsigira hondo mushure mokunge vave mavari. Kunyanya kutsigira pfungwa yakawanda yehondo uye kuzvikudza mune zvavakaita, kunyange kana vakatsoropodza hondo chaiyo yaive chikamu che. Asi vamwe vanotaura zvakasimba vanopesana nehondo, vachirondedzera zvakaitika kwavari kuitira kuti vadzivise zvinyorwa. Nhengo dzeIraq Veterans Hondo yeHondo yakaungana pedyo neWashington, DC, muna March 2008 nokuda kwechiitiko chavakadana kuti "Hondo Yemauto." Vakataura mazwi awa:

"Akatarisa mutungamiri uyo akanga atipa murairo wekutema munhu chero upi zvake mumugwagwa achipfura vaviri vakadzi vakuru vaifamba uye vachitakura miriwo. Akati mutungamiri mukuru akanga amuudza kuti afukidze vakadzi, uye paakaramba, mutungamiriri wacho akavapfura. Saka, apo gungwa iri rakatanga kupfura vanhu vari mumotokari dzisina mumwe munhu aifunga kuti dzaityisidzira, akanga achitevera muenzaniso wake mukuru. "- Jason Wayne Lemieux

"Ndinoyeuka mumwe mukadzi achifamba. Akanga akatakura bhegi guru, uye aitarisa seari kuenda kwatiri, saka takamuchengetedza naMark 19, iyo iri grenade launcher, uye kana guruva rava kugara, takaona kuti bhegi yakanga izere nezvokudya. Akanga ari kuedza kutitora zvokudya uye taimurova zvidimbu. . . .

"Chimwe chinhu chatinokurudzirwa kuti tiite, chinenge neine wink uye nudge, chaiva kutakura zvombo zvidonha, kana nehanzvadzi yangu yechitatu, kudonha foshoro. Tinogona kutakura zvombo izvi kana foshoro nesu nokuti kana tikangopfura mhirizhonga musungwa, tinogona kungokanda zvombo pamuviri, uye kuita kuti vatarise sevapanduki. "- Jason Washburn

"Ndinoda kutanga nekukuratidza vhidhiyo yeChigaro Mukuru weChilo Company. Takanga tapinda maawa maviri kwenguva yakareba moto, uye yaive yakapera kwenguva yakati, asi akanga achiri kunzwa kudiwa kwekubvisa mazana mashanu-pound laser-akatungamirirwa missile kumusoro kuchamhembe kweRamadi. - Jon Michael Turner

Vhidhiyo inoratidzira mupurisa achikumbira mushure mekurohwa kwemassile: "Ndinofunga kuti ndangouraya hafu yevanhu vari kuchamhembe kweRamadi!"

"Pamusi waEpril 18, 2006, ndakave nekutanga kwandakaita kuuraya. Akanga ari munhu asina mhosva. Handizivi zita rake. Ndinomudana kuti 'Fat Man.' Panguva yechiitiko chacho, akadzokera kumba kwake, uye ini ndakamupfura mberi kweshamwari yake nababa. Rutsoka rwekutanga haruna kumuuraya mushure mokunge ndamurova mumutsipa. Mushure mezvo, akatanga kuchema uye akatarisa mumeso angu. Ndakatarisa shamwari yangu ndakanga ndiri pamba, uye ndakati 'Zvakanaka, handigoni kurega izvozvo zvichiitika.' Ndakatora imwe furo ndikaenda naye kunze. Vamwe vose vemhuri yake vakamutakura. Zvakatora zvinomwe Iraqi kutakura mutumbi wake.

"Tose takarumbidzwa mushure mokunge tatanga kuponda, uye izvozvo zvakaitika kuva vangu. Mutungamiri wekambani yangu pachake akandikurudzira. Uyu ndiye munhu mumwechete uyo akataura kuti ani naani anotanga kuuraya nekutanga kuvarova kusvika kurufu aizotora kupera kwemazuva mana patakadzoka kubva kuIraq. . . .

"Ndine urombo pamusoro pekuvenga uye kuparadzwa kwandakaitira vanhu vasina mhosva. . . . Handisisiri nyoni yandakanga ndambova. "- Jon Michael Turner

Pakanga paine dzimwe nyaya zhinji senge idzi, uye izvo zvaiita senge zvemagamba kwaive kutaurwa kwavo, kwete zvavaitaura. Hatiwanzosvika pakunzwa zvinofungwa nemauto. Kunyangwe sekuru kuruzhinji rwusingatariswe muWashington, DC, masoja akatonyanya kufuratirwa. Kazhinji isu tinotomboona sarudzo dzeizvo mauto anotenda. Asi muna 2006, apo mapurezidhendi nenhengo dzekongiresi dzaitaura hondo "yevarwi" ongororo yakawana kuti 72 muzana yemasoja eUS muIraq vaida kuti hondo ipere pamberi pa2007. Chikamu chakatokwirira, 85 muzana, vakatenda nhema kuti hondo yaive "Kutsiva zvakaitwa naSaddam mukurwisa kwe9-11." Ehe Saddam Hussein anga asina chinzvimbo pakurwiswa uku. Uye makumi manomwe nenomwe kubva muzana vakatenda chikonzero chikuru chehondo "kumisa Saddam kudzivirira al Qaeda muIraq." Ehezve kwaive kusina al Qaeda muIraq kusvikira hondo yazvigadzira. Aya mauto akatenda kuti hondo iriko, uye vachiri kuda kuti hondo ipere. Asi vazhinji vavo havana kuisa zvombo pasi.

Ko kupindira kwavo muhondo ine utsinye kunopfuurira nokuti vakanyepera here? Zvakanaka, zvinonyanya kuisa mhosva pamusana pemusarudzo wepamusoro vanoita kuti vazozvidavirira. Asi zvakakosha kudarika kupindura mubvunzo iwoyo, ndinofunga, uri kudzivirira nhema dzamangwana kune ramangwana vangave varwi. Icho chiri kumagumo iwayo kuti chokwadi nezvehondo yapfuura chinofanira kubudiswa. Ichokwadi ndechekuti: hondo haina kumbove uye haigone kushanda. Haisi heroic. Zvinonyadzisa. Chikamu chekuziva chokwadi ichi chichabatanidza kubvisa vara ya heroin kubva kumasoja. Apo vezvematongerwo enyika vanorega vachireva sokuti varwisana muhondo - tsika inowanzojairika, uye chimwe chinhu chikwata chekutsvaga sangano chakabatwa chichiita mu2010 - ndokutanga kunyengera tichiita sekusadaro, tichaziva kuti tiri kufambira mberi.

Chimwe chiratidzo chekufambira mberi kunoita seizvi:

"PanaJuly 30, [2010], mauto anenge ane masimba anonzi 30, varwi vemauto, mhuri dzehondo, uye vatsigiri vakabata musangano kunze kwemasuo e Fort Hood [kubva mauto anenge atotambura nePTSD akadzoserwa kuhondo] nebhanhire guru inotungamirirwa kuColonel Allen, mutungamiri we3rd ACR [Shanduro Cavalry Regiment], iyo inonzi 'Col. Allen. . . Usaisa Masoja Akakuvadzwa! ' Vavhenekeri vaitakurawo mapepa aiverenga:

'Taurira ndarira: Tsvoda mbongoro yangu!'

uye

'Vanoreva nhema, tinofa!'

"Chiratidziro chacho chaiva pamusuo mukuru wekutanga, saka zviuru zvemabasa anoshanda-GI uye mhuri dzavo dzakapfurikidzwa nemuenzaniso. Vakawanda vakabatanawo pashure pokunge vaona kuratidzwa. Fort Hood Mapurisa ehurumende akatumira motokari nemauto kuti anotyisidzira vatongi, vachitya chikwata chinowedzera. "