Kuruboshwe kwakakamurwa zvakanyanya pamusoro pegakava iri, asi isu tinofanirwa kubvumirana paseti yemitemo yekuipedza.
NaPhyllis Bennis, The Nation
Isu tinoda sangano rine simba rinoda kupera kwehondo muSyria. United States uye kusvika kumwero wakati bato rehondo dzepasi rose rinoramba rakaoma mutezo. Kune mamwe macampaign arikupindura kune chaiyo congressional uye kumwe kunofamba kwehondo, paine zvimwe zvakanaka basa rinopesana neUS kutsigirwa neSaudi Arabia. Asi sekufamba, tinoratidzika kunge tisingakwanise kurangana nekunetseka kwehondo dzakagadzirirwa kuwanda neSyria, uye kutadza kupindura kumatunhu edu mukati kuti tivake rudzi rwekufamba kwesimba kwatinoda kupikisa kukakavara kuri kuwedzera.
Zvaive nyore pakati pehondo dzepakutanga. Shanduko yekuziva kweruzhinji, shanduko yema US mazano - ese aive akaoma. Asi kunzwisisa iyo hondo, kuvaka mafambiro zvichienderana nekunzwisisa ikoko, izvo zvaive nyore. Basa redu nderekupikisa kupindira kwemauto eUS, uye kutsigira zvinopesana nevemakoloni, zvinopesana neve imperiist kune idzo hondo nekupindira.
MuVietnam, uye gare gare mukati meCentral American war, izvo zvaireva kuti isu tese takanzwisisa kuti raive divi reUS iro rakanga rakanganisa, kuti vamiriri vemauto nemauto Washington akatsigira aive asiri iwo, uye kuti taida mauto eUS nema ndege ehondo nemaSpecial Forces kunze. Muhondo dzese idzodzo, mukati memubato wekufamba kwedu, vazhinji vedu taisada chete mauto eUS kuti abude asi isu takatsigira chirongwa chemagariro cheimwe divi - isu taida veVietnamese, vaitungamirwa nehurumende yeNorth Vietnam ne National Liberation Front mu Maodzanyemba, kuhwina. MuNicaragua neEl Salvador, taida mauto eU.S. uye vanachipangamazano kunze uyezve kukunda kwevaSandinista neFMLN (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front). KuSouth Africa taida kupera kweUS kutsigira rusaruraganda uye taidawo kuti African National Congress ikunde.
Chikamu chekubatana chakanyanya kuoma muAfghanistan uye kunyanya muhondo dzeIraq. Isu takamira takabatana pamwe nevevanhu veAfghans nevaIraq vanotambura kuburikidza nezvirango zveUS nehondo, uye mamwe emasangano edu akavaka hukama hwakasimba nevamwe, senge US Labor Against the War's kubatana nesangano revashandi veIraq. Uye isu takaziva kodzero pasi pemutemo wepasi rese wekuti vakapinda uye vanogara vanhu varambe. Asi kana vari vemauto akasiyana-siyana vairwa chaizvo neUnited States, pakanga pasina kana isu vatakatsigira, hapana vezvematongerwo enyika-vemauto chirongwa chavo chemagariro chataida kuona chakunda. Saka zvaive zvakaoma. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaramba zvakajeka, zvisinei - Hondo yeUS yakanga ichiri kukanganisa uye zvisiri pamutemo, isu tichiri kuziva basa rerudzi uye imperialism muhondo idzodzo, takaramba tichidaidzira kuti mauto eUS abude.
Zvino, muSyria, kunyangwe izvo hazvina chokwadi. Kuruboshwe nemauto anofambira mberi, varwi vehondo pamwe nekubatana, veSyria nevasiri veSyria, vakakamurwa zvakanyanya. Pakati pevanozviona sevanofambira mberi nhasi, pane chakakosha asi chidiki chikamu chevatsigiri avo vanoda kuti divi ravo "vakunde" hondo muSyria. Vashoma chete (nekutenda, kubva kwandinoona nzvimbo) vanotsigira kukunda kwezvavanowanzoreva se "hutongi hweSyria," dzimwe nguva vachiwedzera chirevo kumutemo wepasi rese, uye dzimwe nguva vachibvuma kuti izvo zvinoreva kutsigira hurumende yazvino yeSyria yeBashar al-Assad . (Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuzivikanwa kwenyika dzese hakurevi kuti zvakaenzana nemutemo; hutongi hwehutongi hweSouth Africa hwakagamuchirwa pasi rose kwemakumi emakore.) Boka rakakura rinoda "kukunda" hondo yechimurenga cheSyria, rondedzero yavanopa kune post-Arab Kuedza kweChirimo kwakaitwa nevatsigiri veSyria kuti varambe vachiratidzira kudzvinyirirwa kwehutongi nekushandira ramangwana rakawedzera. Iko kune kwakadzama kwakakamurwa.
Pakati peavo vanoda kuti hurumende yeSyria irambe iri musimba uye vanopokana nehutongi kuti vakundwe, vamwe vanovakira chinzvimbo chavo pakutenda kuti Siria inotungamira "arc yekupokana" kuMiddle East - chirevo chakareba chakashatiswa nenhoroondo chaiyo yekutonga kwemhuri yeAssad. Kubva muna1976 ichigonesa kurwisa kwemhondi pamusasa wevapoteri wePalestine weTel al-Zataar muBeirut nebapiro rerudyi reLebanon rinotsigirwa neIsrael, kutumira ndege dzehondo kuti dzibatane nemubatanidzwa weUS kubhomba Iraq mu1991, kuvimbisa Israeri muganho wakanyarara uye vanhu vane runyararo munzvimbo dzinogara Israeri dzinogara Golan Heights, kunzvimbo yavo yekubvunzurudza nekushungurudza vasungwa veUS vari kunze mu "hondo yepasi rose yekutyisa," Siria haina kumbobvira yakave inopesana neanopokana kana impiriist.
Vamwe vari mumubatanidzwa wedu vanoda kupikisa, kana kuti zvimwe chikamu chayo, kukunda muhondo. Vanotsigira vanozvimiririra, vanowanzofambira mberi uye zvechokwadi vane hunyanzvi vekuratidzira avo vakatanga kudenha Dhamasiko mukuratidzira kusatsigira mu2011 uye vanoramba vachiedza kupona nekuvaka nzanga mukati mehondo uye kutya. Nzvimbo yavo, zvakadaro, inowanzoregeredza kusiyana kukuru pakati pevaya vakashinga uye vanoshamisa shasha, kune rumwe rutivi, uye kune rumwe rutivi runyararo rwevasina kunyanya-kufambira mberi, vanonyanya kuita uye vasingawanzoita zvehondo vane kurwa chaiko-- vanopesana nemauto eAssad, dzimwe nguva vachipesana neISIS, uye kazhinji nevanorwisa mhiri kweropa rakarwa neropa reSyria. Vaya vanopikisa, kusanganisira avo vanonzi "vane mwero" neUnited States pamwe nevamwe vavo pamwe nevaya vanofungidzirwa kuti vanyanyisi kana kuti vakaipisisa, vane zvombo neWashington nevematunhu vayo, uye vashoma vanoita sevanoda kutsigira chero zvinangwa zvinofambira mberi zveSyria. vanochinja vari kushanda. Mukufamba kwedu, boka iri rinopatsanurwazve pakati pevaya vanotsigira iyo US yakamisikidzwa-isina nhunzi nzvimbo kana chimwe chiito chechiuto kutsigira vanopokana, muzita reimwe shanduro ye "kupindira kwevanhu," nevaya vanopikisa kuwedzera kupindira kweUS.
Isu takatarisana nemukati kupesana pamberi. Munguva yehondo yeKosovo ya1998-99, vazhinji kuruboshwe vakatsigira kubatanidzwa kwemauto eUS-NATO mune imwe yemaBhaibheri ekutanga eWestern "kupindira kwevanhu." NezveIraq, kubva muna 1991 kusvika pamakore gumi nemaviri ezvirango zvakaremara - kuuraya rudzi mukukanganisa kwavo — uye hondo dzese muIraq, misiyano yakakwira zvakanyanya. Vakakamura avo vakaona Saddam Hussein semuvengi weUnited States uye nekudaro vakafanirwa kutsigirwa, uye avo vanokwanisa kunzwisisa kuti tinogona kurwisa kupedza zvisiri pamutemo hondo dzeUS uye masanctions uye tichiramba kutsigira mudzvanyiriri ane utsinye (uyo anga ari wenguva refu mutengi weWashington iye), kunyangwe dai iye zvino akapikisa United States. Asi kunyangwe munguva dzakaoma idzo, pakanga paine kubatana (kunyangwe zvisinga zivikanwe) mukupokana kwedu nehondo yeUS - paive nemakwikwi maviri emakwikwi ehondo, asi vese vaipokana nehondo. Panyaya yeSyria nhasi, kunyangwe izvo hazvina chokwadi.
Sezvazviri ikozvino, zvikamu zvekufamba kwedu hazvisi kungobvumirana pamaitiro ekuzadzisa chinangwa chimwe chete, ivo vanonyatsoda mhedzisiro. Vamwe musangano redu vanotsigira divi rakashongedzwa uye rakatsigirwa neUnited States, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Qatar, Jordan, nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope; vamwe vanodzivirira divi vakapakata zvombo uye vachitsigirwa neRussia neIran. Izvo zvinowedzera kuomarara neavo vanoita kunge vari kutarisira kukunda nemauto anofambira mberi asiri emauto eArab Spring Spring yekuSyria, nepo vamwe vachitarisa kuna Rojava, iyo Syrian Kurdish enclave yeanofambira mberi, varwi vechikadzi, vanobatana neTurkey-based magandanga yeKurdistan Workers 'Party (PKK), sevanovavarira kubatana. Mazhinji ehurumende anopindira-anosanganisira United States, Russia, Europe, neIran (kunyangwe Saudi Arabia neTurkey zvichiramba zvisina chokwadi) --vachida ISIS kurasikirwa.
Kuoma mitezo kwakaparadzaniswa nekufamba kwedu kunowedzerwa nenyaya yekuti yatinoti "hondo muSyria" haisi imwe hondo yevagari vemo. Iyo yakaoma chessboard yevatambi, iine hondo dzakawanda dziri kurwiwa nevekunze mauto achirwisana pamwe chete nehondo yeSyria yevagari ichiri kurwa pakati pehutongi nevanopikisa mudzimba. Iwo ekunze mauto ari kurwira dzakasiyana siyana matunhu, masekete, uye zvepasirese zvido zvine zvishoma kana zvisina chekuita neSyria-kunze kwekuti maSyria ari kufa. Saudi Arabia neIran vari kurwira hutongi hwenharaunda uye hutongi hweSunni kana Shia; United States neRussia vari kurwira kumiswa kwepasirese nedunhu, zvigaro zvemauto, uye kutonga zviwanikwa; vezvematongerwo enyika vachipesana nemaIslamist mauto anorwa kutonga kweanopokana -Assad kumberi; Turkey yakanga ichirwa neRussia (kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, payakaratidzika kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwayo neRussia isati yapinda nechokumusoro kuSyria, uko iko zvino kwave kuenda shure kwemaKurds); United States neIsrael vari kurwa neIran (kusiyana neIraq, uko United States nemauto anotsigirwa neIran vari kudivi rimwechete pamberi pevapikisi veIISIS); Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, uye Qatar inorwira kutonga pakati pevaSunni monarchies; uye nepo Turkey iri kurwisa maKurds, maKurd anofambira mberi eSyria ari kupokana neyakajairika peshmerga yeIraq Kurdish dunhu redunhu.
Uyezve pane ISIS iri kurwa nehutongi hweSyria nevamwe vevashori vehutongi, uku ichitsvaga kumanikidza hutongi hwayo hwehutsinye pamusoro penyika dzeSyria neIraq nevanhu, nepo United States, Russia, nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope, pamwe neSyria neIraq. hurumende, kuita muhondo inouraya uye inowedzera yepasirese kurwisa ISIS. Uye vese vari kurwira kuSyria yekupedzisira.
KUPEDZESIRA KWENYAYA
Tichifunga zvese izvo, zvakakosha kuti tizive kuti nekure iyo inopokana yakakura kwazvo yeavo vanorwira varwi uye vanoenderera mberi havasi kurwira ku hwina Hondo yerutivi rwese, asi vakazvipira kuzviuraya Hondo. Uye izvo zvinogona uye zvinosanganisira vazhinji vanomira zvakare mukubatana pamwe nevanyarikani vanoshinga vanoramba vachinetsana, varume nevakadzi vanoshanda vari pasi pemabhomba, vari pasi pehuswa hutsi, vachiedza kuchengetedza hupenyu mumaguta avo akakomberedzwa.
Asi icho chikamu chinova chakaomarara zvakare. Mamwe emapoka-emasangano anoshanda munzvimbo dzinopikiswa ari kutsigira, neimwe nzira, mapoka akasiyana ane zvombo akatsigirwa neUnited States nevatsigiri vayo vari kurwisa hutongi. Vamwe - kusanganisira mamwe anozivikanwa masangano anomiririra vanhu - anotsigirwa nemari uye nezvematongerwo enyika neUnited States, Europe uye / kana nharaunda dzakabatana, dzinovasimudzira sechikamu chehondo yavo yekuparadzira kurwisa hutongi hweAssad. Vamwe vacho vari kukurudzira rutsigiro rwekupindira kwemauto eU.S. Kufumurwa kwevamwe vemasangano aya anotsigirwa, izvozvi zviri kuburitswa nevamwe vevatori venhau vanofambira mberi, zvinoratidza chokwadi chakakosha, zvichitibatsira kuti tinzwisise kuti kufambiswa kwenhau kunosimbisa sei nekuvaka pazvinangwa zvehurumende yeUS. Asi mazhinji eaya kufumurwa anosiyirawo kunze zvinhu zvakakosha - kusanganisira musiyano uripakati nepakati pakati pezvinangwa zvevagadziri vemauto eUS uye kugona kwavo kuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi.
Mamwe matunhu enzvimbo yeUS agara kwenguva yakareba achiziva kuti hutongi hweSyria, kunyangwe (uye dzimwe nguva nekuda kwe) nhaka yekudzvinyirira, inowanzoita basa rinobatsira kuUS nekuIsrael zvido. Zvakare, zvimwe zvine simba zveUS zvinhu - neoconservatives uye nekunze - zviri pachena kuti vanoda shanduko yehutongi muSyria. Asi chokwadi ichocho hachirevi kuti vaSyriawo zvavo, vazhinji vacho vaipokana nehutongi hweudzvanyiriri muDhamasiko nguva refu pamberi pehurongwa hwakashata hweanomwe ekuchinja hutongi hweUS munyika yeArab dzakatomboumbwa, havana zvavo zvakasiyana zvachose uye zvikonzero zvine musoro zvekushora Assad. Havasi vese vhezheni dzeSyria dzaAhmad Chalabi, tsotsi reIraq rakazodzwa neWashington neocons kuti vatungamire "kusunungurwa" kwavo muIraq muna 2003.
Zviroto zveNeocon zvekushandurwa kwechiuto muSyria hazviite izvo neocon masimba ese-ane simba. Uye ivo havana basa nekuziva chokwadi kwekutanga kwezvematongerwo enyika mapato anopikisa akaputika muSiria mune mamiriro e2010-11 Arab Spring, sezvavakaita kuEgypt, Tunisia, Yemen, Bahrain, nedzimwewo nzvimbo, kana izvo zvekuenderera mberi. kupikiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika. Mubvunzo weajenti kazhinji kazhinji unofuratirwa kana kufambiswa pasi nekuferefetwa kwakanyanya kwezvinangwa zveU.S. Chokwadi chekuti sangano rinobatsira vanhu rinogona kupihwa mari nevakuru veUS US nekuti inofungidzirwa kuti yakabatsira zvinangwa zveWashington, kana kuti kunyange yakagadzirwa netariro yekuti ichabatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi, hazvireve kuti mutungamiriri wega wega musangano iri chishandiso cheUS. imprisia.
The White Helmet (aka Civil Defense), semuenzaniso, zviri pachena kuti vari kuwana mari kubva kuUS State department uye vane izvozvi (pamwe nekurudziro uye / kana kumanikidzwa kubva kushamwari dzeUS-hurumende) vakadaidzira zviri pamutemo nzvimbo isina kubhururuka muSyria. Kuzivisa uye kubvuma chokwadi ichocho kwakakosha, asi zviri pachena kuti kutsigira kwavo kukwira kwemauto eUS hakuiti kuti chikumbiro ichocho chive chepamutemo kumauto eUS kana epasirese epasirese kupfuura zvazvaiita apo vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika muLibya vakadaidzira kukwidziridzwa ikoko. Nzvimbo isina kubhururuka, sekubvumwa kwaimbove Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, chiito chehondo. Asi zvakakosha kuti panguva imwe chete tizive nekukoshesa kuti maWhite Helmet ari kuita akakosha, zvirokwazvo kazhinji hushingi, basa rekubatsira, sevapinduri vekutanga munzvimbo dzinopikiswa dzakatarisana nekurwiswa kwemauto. Mukushaikwa kwemasangano ehurumende kana kunyange masangano anobatsira epasi rose, zvirongwa zvakadaro zvemuno, zvisinei zvakakanganiswa munhandare yezvematongerwo enyika / yekuparadzira, zvinoita basa rakakosha revanhu. Kunzwisisa iwo akasiyana mabasa - anobatsira uye anoparadzira - uye nekuziva kuti vanogona kuvapo panguva imwe chete musangano rimwe, zvakakosha sezvo isu tichirwira kuvaka musangano wekupedzisa hondo.
Nekufamba kwenguva, uye zvisinei nekuti ndiani akasarudzwa semutungamiri, tinofanirwa kuvaka bato rakasimba kupedzisa "Hondo yepasi rose nezvekutyisa" uye mauto ehurongwa hwekunze hweUnited States hunoratidzwa nehondo iyoyo. Parizvino, nzvimbo yepakati pehondo iyoyo iSyria. Saka isu hatigone kuisa parutivi kuvaka rwendo rwakadai nekuti kukamurana pakati pesimba redu kunoita kuti zviome. Ivo vanoziva kukosha kwekutarisa pakuvaka kufamba kune magumo iyo hondo inofanirwa kubatanidza kwakatenderedza kumwe kusanganisa kweizvi zvinodiwa nehurumende yeUS:
- Iwe haugone kukunda ugandanga nehondo, saka mira kuuraya vanhu nekuparadza maguta muzita rekumisa vamwe kuuraya vanhu-izvo zvinoreva kumisa ndege uye bhomba, bvisa mauto nemaSpecial Forces, ita "hapana mabhoti pasi" chaiko .
- Shanda kuti uzadzise maoko akazara pamativi ese, kudenha iyo US uye epasi rose indasitiri yezvombo. Misa zvirongwa zvechitima-uye-iko. Regedza kubvumira mauto eUS kuti atumire zvombo muSyria, zvichiita kuti zvive pachena kuti kana vakaenderera mberi vacharasikirwa nemikana yose yekutengesa zvombo zveUS. Kutenderedza Russia neIran kuti dzimire kudzora hutongi hweSyria huchaitika zvakanyanya kana United States mubatanidzwa wayo ukamira kuendesa rumwe ruoko.
- Gadzira nyowani yedhipatimendi, kwete yemauto, kudyidzana kunosanganisira masimba ekunze nevari mukati meSyria, kusanganisira hurumende dzematunhu nevamwe vatambi. Dhipatimendi chairo yekupedzisa hondo inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pechikuva, kwete yekunyepedzera diplomacy yakagadzirirwa kuti ibvumidze kubatana kwemabhomba. Zvese zvinofanirwa kunge zviri patafura, kusanganisira veSyria veruzhinji, vakadzi, uye vanopokana vasina mhirizhonga pamwe nevatambi vane zvombo. Tsigira kuedza kweUN kunharaunda dzekumisa-moto uye kudyidzana kutsva.
- Wedzera US rutsigiro rwevapoteri uye zvimwe zvinodiwa nedunhu. Ita zvakanaka pazvipikiso zvese kune mari dzeUN, uye nekuwedzera mari yakawanda uye nerubatsiro kumasangano eUN pamwe nehuwandu hwevapoteri vakagamuchirwa kuti vagarezve muUnited States.
Kunze kwekunge pamwe kwekupedzisira, mashoma pane izvi zvinodiwa anogona kuzadzikiswa munguva pfupi. Asi zviri kwatiri kuvaka mubatanidzwa unoisa mberi kuti chii chinoguma muhondo yekuuraya iyi Aizoita zvinoita senge chikamu chefambisirwo yekupedza "Hondo yenyika yose pamusoro pekutyisa" zvachose, uye rutsigiro rwevapoteri rwakagadzirwa narwo. Mamwe mauto mamwe maitiro ari kupokana haazopedze hondo, uye haadziviriri varombo vari munzvimbo dzinotambura. Iko hakuna mhinduro yehondo. Yakwana nguva yekuti isu tivakezve kufamba kunoenderana neicho chokwadi.
Chinyorwa pakutanga chakawanikwa paRudzi: https://www.thenation.com/article/the-war-in-syria-cannot-be-won-but-it-can-be-ended/
