NaDavid Swanson naPat Mukuru, World Beyond War
Mhedzisiro yePentagon parwizi rwakagara pamabhangi haisi kungokanganisa kupisa kwepasi nekukwira kwemakungwa zvakakonzerwa nemauto eUS anoshandisa mafuta. Mauto eUS anonyangadza zvakare Rwizi rwePotomac munzira dzakawanda kupfuura zvingafungidzirwa nemunhu wese.
Ngatitorei chikepe pasi pePotomac kubva kwainobva mumakomo eWest Virginia kumuromo wayo kuCheesapeake Bay. Rwendo rwekuzasi kwemvura huru iyi rondedzero nhanhatu EPA Superfund masayiti akagadzirwa nePentagon nekusaremekedza kusaremekedza iyo isina kusimba ecosystem yePotomac Rwizi rwemvura.
IAmerica Navy Allegany Ballistics Laboratory iri muDheetet Center, West Virginia, 130 makiromita kuchamhembe kweWashington, inonyanya kukosha kwekusvibisa muRwizi rwePotomac. Nzvimbo yekutsvaga nzvimbo inoshandiswa zvinyorwa uye zvinosvibisa zvinosvibisa ivhu remvura uye pasi uye ine mishonga inokuvadza. Mvura yepasi uye ivhu parutivi rworwizi runokonzerwa nezviputi, dioxin, zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari ezvisikwa, acids, laboratori uye mashizha emabhizimisi, pasi sludge kubva kune-solvent recovery, metal plating pretreatment sludge, mapaini, uye vanoonda. Nzvimbo iyi inewo beryllium landfill. Nzvimbo inopisa inoshandiswa ichiri kushandiswa kurasa tsvina, kusasa guruva remakemikari pamusoro porwizi. Hazvina kunaka.
Kufamba rwizi 90 mairaira zvichienda kumaodzanyemba kunotisvitsa kwatiri Fort Detrick muFrederick, Maryland, "Army's" ground for the nation's biological warfare program. Anthrax, Phosgene, uye carbonactive carbon, sulfuri, uye phosphorous zvakavigwa pano. Mvura yepasi yakasungirwa nehutachirethylene inouraya, chirwere chevanhu, uye tetrachloroethene, inofungidzirwa kuti inokonzera matumire mumhuka dzeb laboratory. Hondo yakaedzwa mavhunduka uye maitiro anozvikudza pano, saBacillus globigii, Serratia marcescens, uye Escherichia coli. Kunyange zvazvo DOD inoti yakagadziriswa zvombo zvezvisikwa zvikonzero zvekuvhiringidza mu1971, kudai kwakafanana nekuiswa kwechiuto che "kudzivirirwa" missile maitiro pedyo nemuganhu wevavengi.
Fort Detrick inewo nhoroondo yekurasa dorosi yakakura ye phosphorus mukati mekudonhorera kwayo inozopedzisira yakashambidza mumvura yakadzika yeMonocacy, iyo inowanikwa muPotomac. Ichokwadi, iyo Maryland Dhipatimendi reIvironment yakatsanangura iyo Army kuti iwedzere kubvumidzwa kwemvumo yemvumo. Phosphorus yakawanda mumvura inokonzera kuti algae ikurumidze kukura pane zvisikwa zvePotomac zvingaita. Inouraya. Hondo ndiyo inonyanya kusvibisa muPotomac River waterhed.
Kungoita 40 mamaira kunze kweRwizi kubva Fort Detrick iri kuWashington Spring Valley muvakidzani uye musasa weAmerican University. Iyi nzvimbo yakashandiswa neHondo munguva yeHondo Yenyika I kuti iedze Lewisite, gesi rinouraya rakaitwa neArsenic. Varwi vakasunga mhuka kuti vagadzire uye vakasiya mabomu emakemikari kuti vaone kuti mhuka dzakakurumidza kufa sei. Nharaunda yacho yakanga yakafukidzwa nevanouraya biologist uye varwi vakaviga zvakasara zvezvivako zvinyorwa mushure mekuedzwa. Perchlorate uye Arsenic varipo pasi pemvura nhasi. Mipu inotyisa yemakemikari yakasvibiswa nemvura yakadzika pasi pedo neDalecarlia Reservoir, kunze kwePomomac.
Makiromita mashanu kuchamhembe kumaodzanyemba, the Washington Navy Yard iri paMupata weAnacostia, pedyo nekutunganidzwa kwayo nePotomac. Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakanyanya zvedzimba muimba. Iavy Yavy Yard yaiva yekare yakagadzirwa nheyo yekugadzirwa kwemakona, mahombe, uye kupfura. Ivhu riri pedyo nehova rakasvibiswa ne tetrachloride, cyanide, perchlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethene, vinyl chloride, kutungamirira, uye masimbi ane simba, acid, cleaners, caustics, iridite uye alkaline, kutungamirira, chromium, cadmium, antimony, polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs) uye dioxin.
Pakati pemhenderekedzo yeMadgannia, 20 maira kubva kuNavy Yard, tinouya ku Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center muCharles County, neyakaitika yeCNUMX yemakore yekurasa uye kupisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Nzvimbo yacho yaiwanzobudisa madhigirii emadhora mumasptic systems, masango akazaruka uye dutu remvura rakasvibira zvakananga mumvura miviri yakapoteredza iyo isina chinhu muPotomac. Denga remvura panzvimbo iyi rakasvibiswa nepamusoro ye mercury.
Mvura yakadzika pasi pemvura inounganidza kuIndia Head ine mazhenhe emakiromita pakati pe1,600 uye 436,000 ug / L. Kuisa deta iyi muchigadzirisheni, Maryland Dhipatimendi reIvironment yakagadzira doro remvura yekunyorera ye1 ug / L. Perchlorate yave yakabatanidzwa nemigumisiro yaro yakaipa pane chirwere chetachiona.
Pakupedzisira, tinosvika Iyo Naval Surface Hondo Hondo - Dahlgren, iri imwe 20 makiromita kumaodzanyemba kweIndia Head, pedyo neRwizi rwePotomac muKing George County, Virginia. Kurasika kwekemikisi kusina kukonzera kunosvibisa ivhu, mvura yepasi, uye sediment. Kusvikira zuva ranhasi, Dahlgren anotanga kupisa zvinotyisa zvinosvibisa, kusasa pfumvu yehupfu pamusoro pePotomac, Northern Neck yeVirginia, uye Southern Southern Maryland. A kudzidza yemamwe nzira nzira yekurapa paDahlgren inonyora mari inoshandiswa yekutsva kupisa se "$ 0." Maererano neEPA, "vakuru veDOD havana chavanoita kuti vashandure kuchinja kwavakaita ivo 70 makore. Vhura kupisa uye kuvhara ndiyo inodhura kwavari. "
PaDhahlgren, mercury inorambidzwa inosanganiswa nemiti muGambo Creek, iyo inopinda zvakananga muPomomac. Kuvigwa kwemimhanzi yakasvibiswa nesimbi yakaremara uye polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) yakasvibisa nyika pamwe nePomomac ine simba. PCBs, Trichloroethane, uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinouraya zvinokonzerwa nekuputika kwepamberi kubva kumitsotsi yekuputira uye kuvharwa kweurianium yakashandiswa kushandisa rudzi rwezvombo zvenyukireya rinozivikanwa segunker buster.
Muna 1608 John Smith aive wekuEurope wekutanga kuongorora mvura dzePotomac kubva kuChesapeake Bay kuenda kuWashington. Achitsanangura rwizi uye Chesapeake, Smith akanyora, "Denga nenyika hazvina kumbobvumirana zvirinani kugadzira nzvimbo yekugara kwevanhu." Ichakanaka, asi makore mazana mana gare gare, mvura nevhu zvine chepfu. EPA Superfund saiti inotsanangurwa pamusoro ichakurumidza kutarisirwa zvishoma kupfuura zvavaifanira nekuti chirongwa cheMutungamiri Trump chegore ra400 chinoda kucheka chirongwa cheSuperfund chekuchenesa neinenge kota.
IEPA yakatora zvidziya izvi mumvura muhombekombe yePotomac, zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nemabasa ehondo: Acetone, Alkaline, Arsenic, Anthrax, Antimony, Bacillus Globigii, Beryllium, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Cadmium, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chromium, Morivhi, Cyclonite, Uranium Yakapera, Dichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Dinitrotoluene, Dioxin, Escherichia Coli, Iridite, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Nitroglycerin, Perchlorate, Perchlorethylene, Phosgene, Phosphorus, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) ), Radioactive Carbon, Sulfur sulfur, Serratia Marcescens, Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethane, Tetrachlorethylene, Toluene, Trans-Dichloroethylene, Trichloroethene, Trichlororethylene, Trinitrobenzene, Trinitrotoluene, Vinyl Chloride, Xlene, uye Zinc.
Potomac iri kure nekusiyana. Makumi makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe muzana yeUnited States Superfund nzvimbo dzenjodzi dzinokonzerwa nemagariro ndeye chikonzero chekugadzirira hondo.
Kugadzirira kwehondo kunodarika nguva 10 mari iyo hondo chaiyo inoita, uye inokonzera zvishoma 10 nguva dzinouraya. Kwose US mauto ekugadzirira hondo anokonzera kufa nekutsausa zvigadziro kubva kune zvinodiwa nevanhu uye zvakananga kuburikidza nekuparadza kwakasikwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakapararira munyika yose kusanganisira muUnited States, uye kusanganisira muPomomac.
Izvo zvinonzi kupindira kune dzimwe nyika mumagariro ehurumende munyika yose, maererano nezvakazara zvidzidzo, 100 nguva dzinowedzera - kwete apo kune kutambura, kwete uko kune utsinye, kwete apo kune ngozi kune nyika, asi apo nyika iri muhondo ine magadziro makuru emafuta kana muwani anonyanya kudiwa kwemafuta.
Hondo yeU.S. ndiyo mutengi wepamusoro wepetroleum yakapoteredza, ichipisa kupfuura iyo nyika dzakawanda, uye ichipisa zvizhinji zvayo mumagadziriro ezvimwe zvehondo. Kune ndege dzemauto dzinogona kukonzera kukanganisa nejet fuel mumaminitsi e10 kupfuura iwe unogona neine mafuta kutyaira motokari yako kwegore.
Zvose zviyero zvakadaro hazvisi izvo zvinokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika kunoitwa nevadziki vezvombo zvepachivi uye nezvombo zvavo. IU.America ndiye mutungamiri mukuru wezvombo zvehondo kune dzimwe nyika.
Kuverenga kwakadai kwakasiyawo zvakawanda zvekukuvara uye neese ruzivo rwekutambura kwevanhu. Mauto eUS anopisa tsvina ine chepfu pachena, padyo nemauto ayo munzvimbo dzakaita seIraq, padyo nedzimba dzevanhu vanogara munyika dzavakapinda, uye mukati meUnited States mune dzakawanda - kazhinji varombo nevashoma - nharaunda dzakadai Colfax, Louisiana, uye kuDhahlgren paPotomac.
Zvakawanda zvekukuvadza ndezvekusingaperi, zvakadai sehupfu hwehurimani yakapera, inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakafanana neSiriya neIraq. Asi izvi ndezvechokwadi munzvimbo dzakapoteredza United States pamwe chete. Pedyo St. Louis, Missouri, pasi pevhu moto iri kuramba ichienda kune imwe nzvimbo yepasi pevhu yakawanda.
Uye ipapo pane Rwizi rwePotomac. Inoyerera kumaodzanyemba pakati peLincoln uye Jefferson Memorials muWashington, DC kumabvazuva, uye Arlington, Virginia, kumadokero, uko Pentagon Lagoon inounza mvura kusvika kudzimbahwe rehurumende yenyika.
Haingori chete iyo imba yehondo inogarisa padhuze nekukwira kwemvura - ichikwira kutanga uye kunyanya nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekugadzira hondo, asi iwo chaiwo mvura - iyo mvura yePotomac neChesapeake Bay mairi inoyerera, uye mafungu ayo simudza uye udzikise mvura yePentagon Lagoon zuva rega rega - inosvibiswa zvakanyanya nekugadzirira kwehondo.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero tiri kuronga uye kukukoka iwe kuti ubatanidzwe mune nyanzvi flotilla kusvika kuPentagon paSeptember 16th. Tinofanira kuunza chido cheMafuta Api Zvisina Kuwedzerwa kumagwatidziro ekutungamirira kwedu muparadzi wezvakatipoteredza.
