Varwi Vehondo Vakasangana Nechisimba SeVana

naFranz Jedlicka, Pressenza, June 1, 2023

Senyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu uye muongorori werunyararo, ndinonetseka nekubatana kuri pakati pezvitayera zvekurera vana munyika dzepasi rose uye runyararo rwadzo. Ndinobvunza mubvunzo wakapfava wokuti “Nyika ingava nerunyararo here kana chikamu chikuru chevana vayo vachitova nemhirizhonga mumhuri?” Zvinenge zvese zvandakatsvaga pane izvi kusvika zvino zvinonongedza kune chaiyo "kwete" (Ndakaburitsa akanyanya kukosha masosi uye manhamba pane izvi mubhuku rangu re "The Forgotten Peace Formula"). Uye iyo "Child Protection SDG" 16.2. iri - pamwe nemaune - chinhu chidiki cheRunyararo SDG 16.

Tsvagiridzo yangu inopindirana mune zvechisikigo: Chekutanga, ndeye data repasi rose pamusoro pechisimba chinoitirwa vana. Pano, kune rumwe rutivi, kune nhamba kubva kuUNICEF, semuenzaniso mishumo "Yakavigwa pachena" uye "Chiso chakajairwa", uye kune rumwe rutivi, kune rondedzero yakazara yedziviriro yepamutemo yevana kubva kuchirango chekurohwa munyika dzakapoteredza. nyika: pa http://endcorporalpunishment.org (Chirango chekurohwa ishoko rechiRungu rinoreva kurohwa). Mazita aya anoratidzawo kana chirango chichibvumidzwa munyika kwete mumhuri chete asiwo muzvikoro, kindergartens kana majeri (!).

Idzi data rinogona kufananidzwa neGlobal Peace Index, iyo inoburitswa gore rega rega neInstitute for Economics and Peace (IEP) uye inoronga nyika maererano nerunyararo rwadzo. Nechekare pano zvinova pachena kuti munyika dzine rugare zvikuru munyika - Austria inenge nguva dzose inowanikwa pakati pepamusoro 5 (chirango chekurohwa chakarambidzwa muAustria muna 1989 - yaiva nyika yechitatu pasi rose) - vana vangave vasingacharohwi. Asi chokwadi kune zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sedemocracy, kubudirira, kusaenzana kwakaderera kwevanhu.

Chinotevera chirango chesainzi, hongu, psychology: kutarisa mukukura kwehuduku, zvave pachena kuti kushungurudzika kwevadiki - nekuti kurova ndizvozvo - kune mhedzisiro yakaipa mushure menguva, muzviitiko zvakanyanya kukuvadza kana kuvhara nzvimbo dzekunzwira tsitsi. muuropi. Hongu, haasi mwana wese akarohwa achiri mudiki anova nechisimba seakura, asi zvakazosiyana ndezvechokwadi - uye apa ndipo panouya psychology yematsotsi - zvekuti anenge munhu wese anoita zvechisimba (hongu, kazhinji varume ...) chisimba semwana. Munyika dzisina kurambidzwa kwechirango chekurohwa, naizvozvo kune nhamba yepamusoro yevanhu vakagadzirira kushandisa chisimba nokuti pfungwa yavo yekunzwira tsitsi yakavhiringidzika muhuduku hwepakutanga.

Neuropsychology, kune rumwe rutivi, yakasimbisa kuti hakuna chinhu chakadai se "aggression drive", asi kuti hutsinye hunogara huchiitwa kune vanozviwana mhirizhonga, kutuka, kuregeredza kana kusabatanidzwa. Joachim Bauer kunyanya anotsanangura izvi zvakadzama mumabhuku ake "The Cooperative Gene" uye "Pain Threshold". Rutger Bregman anoitsanangura mumagariro-nhoroondo yemashoko mubhuku rake "Basically Good".

Vaiti vemhirizhonga “pamwero mukuru”, kureva varwi vehondo, vadzvanyiriri nevadzvanyiriri, vanenge vagara vachisangana nemhirizhonga vachiri vana. Apa ndipo panopinda sayenzi yenhoroondo, kunyanya "psychohistory" (inonziwo political psychology): Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakatanga kudzidza hudiki hwevamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika. Bhuku rekutanga rinokosha pamusoro peizvi raiva "Pakutanga kwaiva Dzidzo" naAlice Miller, umo akaongorora huduku hwaAdolf Hitler: akawana, muchidimbu, kunyadziswa kwakanyanya mumhuri yekwaakabva. Mukuona kwangu, bhuku rakanakisisa riripo panyaya iyi nderekuti “Childhood is Political” naSven Fuchs, iro rinoongorora hudiki hwaStalin, Mussolini, Saddam Hussein nevamwe vakawanda – uyewo: kunyanya kuputika zvino – hudiki hwaVladimir Putin (iye akasangana nechisimba uye kuregeredzwa - uye kurohwa hakusati kwarambidzwa muRussia zvakare).

Neimwe nzira, tsvakiridzo yerunyararo yakaitwa zvakare mutsika nemagariro anthropology, umo vanhu veko mumakondinendi akasiyana vakadzidzwa maererano nerunyararo - kana sehondo - maitiro. Pano, zvirevo pamusoro pekurera vana vasina chisimba zvinoonekwa nguva nenguva, asi munhu anofanira kunyatsotsanangura zvidzidzo izvi sezvisina kukosha - nokuti hapana nhamba, asi tsanangudzo chete yakabudiswa.

Nokudaro, mufananidzo wakazara unopfupiswa kubva izvo zvinova pachena kuti kurerwa kusina chisimba kwevana chinhu chinokosha cherunyararo. Kana mumwe akabva atora maonero edzidziso - maererano nedzidzo yerunyararo - mubvunzo unomuka unomuka: Haisi dzidzo inopesana here kana vanhu vakuru vachida kudzidzisa vana vavo kukosha kwekusaita mhirizhonga, asi ivo pachavo vanoshandisa chisimba mukurera vana? Sezvineiwo, izvi zvinowanzoitika kunyangwe mutsika dzechitendero: semuenzaniso, kune chirevo chebhaibheri chinoti “Anorega neshamhu anoshatisa mwana” - uye mune mamwe mapoka ezvitendero (semuenzaniso Evangelicals muUSA) inorevererwa vehemence - uye kazhinji vanotorwisa kuedza kuunza mitemo yekudzivirira vana. Iyo USA, nenzira, ndiyo chete nyika yenhengo yeUN isingade kubvumidza Chibvumirano cheUN pamusoro peKodzero dzeMwana: ikoko, kunyangwe mune zvimwe zvikoro, vana vanogona kuramba vachirangwa nekurohwa nebhodhi - the paddle - kunyomba kusingazivikanwe zvakanyanya muEurope.

Zvose mune zvose, saka, tsvakurudzo yangu ndeye "tsika yerugare", tsika inopindirana yekusava nechisimba munzvimbo dzose dzevanhu: nekuda kwekuti hazvitenderwi kutaura nezvechido cherunyararo, asi kubvumira mhirizhonga munharaunda. dzidzo yevana. Naizvozvo, ndinoda kupa zano izwi rekuti “runyararo kusimudzira” nzira yakadai yekuvaka runyararo: rinoti mhirizhonga (uye hudzvanyiriri) inofanira kudzikiswa nekubviswa munzvimbo dzese dzenharaunda kana nyika ichizove nerunyararo.

Kuti izvi zvinosanganisirawo kuenzana nekuchengetedzwa kwevakadzi zvakaratidzwawo zvakajeka (ona mabhuku aValerie Hudson et.al. uye UNSC Resolution 1325 pamusoro pekukosha kwekutora chikamu kwevakadzi mukugadzirisa runyararo).

Hongu, kuchengetedzwa kwemutemo kwevana kubva kumhirizhonga inzira yekuvaka runyararo inozoshanda chete nekufamba kwenguva: Ichi chiratidzo chekutanga chekukosha kwenyaya, asi zvinozomutsa nhaurirano munyika inobatwa - uye kungochinja zvishoma nezvishoma mukurera vana. maitiro. Uye zvino pamwe zvichatora chizvarwa kuti vana vakakura vasina mhirizhonga vasvike zera ravanogona kubatsira kuumba nyika. Naizvozvo, vezvematongerwo enyika vane hanya nerunyararo nekugadzikana kwenyika yavo vanofanirwa kuita chiito nekukasika padanho iri. Sokutaura kwakaita Mahatma Gandhi: “Kana tichinyatsoda rugare, tinofanira kutanga nevana. Kubva pakuona kwangu, chirevo ichi chinopupurirwawo nesainzi.

Mawebhusaiti emunyori Franz Jedlicka: friedensforschung.com, whitehand.org