Hondo Inobvisa Rusununguko

NeKir Johnson, March 19, 2019

Ko nyika dzinobhadhara hondo yakawanda dzinopa avo vari mukati memiganhu yavo rusununguko rwakawanda here?

Zvinowanzo taurwa kuti kuwirirana hakuna kuenzana causation kana uchipa data resainzi. Kuedza kuyananisa pfungwa yekuti nyika dzinorwa hondo kazhinji uye nekudaro dzichipa avo vari mukati memiganhu yavo rusununguko zvinoda chaiko gymnastics yepfungwa kana isiri iyo Orwellian nzwisiso yerusununguko. Kubva kupera kweChipiri Hondo Yenyika hapana nyika yakabatanidzwa muhondo dzakaziviswa zvakanyanya uye dzisina kuzivikanwa, mabasa echinguvana uye ekuvanda kwehurumende shanduko kupfuura United States of America. Uye nepo zvichikakavadzwa kuti rusununguko uye kudzivirirwa kunopihwa neMutemo weUS uye dudziro dzepamutemo dzinotevera dzinogona kupa vagari vayo dzimwe dzedziviriro nerusununguko (kune vachena vagari nevaya vane mari zvirinani) munyika, nguva dzehondo kazhinji vakatsausa nekukanganisa rusununguko irworwo uye vakasarusimbisa kana kuwedzera.

Munguva Yekutanga Hondo Yenyika, mazwi ekupikisa uye rugare aiwanzovharirwa uye kushungurudzwa mumigwagwa. Rugare rwakaitwa muUnited States rwakanga rwakafananidzwa sekutyisidzira nyika uye rwakanyorwa seCommunist kana socialist sechikonzero chekugumisa masangano avo ehurongwa. Uye kusvika kune chikamu chetatu chevanhu vari vobva vabva kune imwe nyika, zvaive nyore kuumba "zvimwe" zvekudzorera uye kunyange kudzingwa kubva kunyika neCheition Acts munzvimbo kubvira 1798 kuva mvumo yepamutemo (McElroy 2002).

Kurwisana kuHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, muenzaniso wakajeka uye unooneka kwazvo ndeyekudzidziswa kwe120,000 Japanese -America uye kutora upfumi hwavo, mhosva yehurumende inopesana nevanhu vayo vanogoneswa nehutungamiri wehutungamiri wehurumende (Sweeting, 2004). Hondo munharaunda ino inoratidza kuti kusarura kwechisimba kunoshandiswa sezvinodiwa uye kunobvumirwa kana ichiendeswa nesangano rinogamuchirwa uye rakagamuchirwa.

Nharo inogona kuitwa kuti USA haisati iri kushanda kwema demokrasia kusvikira hutongerwo hwehutongerwe enyika hwakapera uye kodzero dzepamutemo dzevanhu vose dzakagamuchirwa muZ1960s. Zvisinei, nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzevanhu uye kodzero dzepamutemo dzakabvumidzwa kuti vhoti hadzina kushandurirwa mune rusununguko rwakawanda rwokuungana kana kutaura zvisina kupesana nehondo uye dzimwe nyika dzehondo.

Kusiyana naizvozvo, masangano akaita seFBI nemapurogiramu akadai seC COINTELPRO akashanda kusora uye kuparadza mapoka evanhu vane kodzero dzevanhu, mapoka emararamiro uye mazwi ehondo, kusanganisira varwi vehondo (Democracy Now, August 4th, 1997). Izvi zvakapinda munguva yeAmerica hondo muVietnam uye pamwe chete ne "dambudziko rekukuvadza" nyika dzakadai seLao PDR neCambodia kusvikira ruzivo rwegurogiramu rwakaitwa pachena. Muenzaniso wakanaka wemasimba emasangano anoedza kuderedza uye kunyarara manzwi anogona kuonekwa sei kuti kunyange kunyange munhu ane simba akadai saDkt Martin Luther King Jr. aigona kuregererwa nehuwandu hwemashoko ehurumende uye zvinoshamisa zvikuru kune vamwe vaaishanda naye mushure mekunge ataura kushorwa neAmerica hondo kuVietnam (Smiley, 2010).

Muenzaniso mashomanana makumi emakore gare gare mushure mokupinda kwe 2003 nekushanda kweIraq zvakare zvinoratidza kuti kusununguka kwekusununguka neavo vanoda kuve nechinzvimbo chekutarisana nehondo kwete chiso chekutonga kwehurumende chete, asiwo kushungurudzwa nekugadziriswa kubva kune masangano ehurumende. Apo mutungamiri wekutanga weDixie Chicks akati ainyara kuti akabva kune imwechete iyo semuongorori weUnited States, yakabudisa kurwisana kwakaona zvinyorwa zvebhuku zvakaparadzwa mumagariro evanhu zvakarongedzwa nemapoka evanhu vakarurama uye mimhanzi yavo censored by corporate radio stations (Schwartz na Fabrikant, 2003). Izvo zvakaedza kushamwaridzana kwekambani zvakaramba zvichienderera kune firimu refirimu pamusoro peDixie Chicks inoshungurudza apo NBC, panguva yakawanda yaive naGener Electric (GE), yakaramba kuratidza zviziviso zvemafirimu emumhanzi (Rae, 2006). GE akanga ari uye mukuru wechikwata chekudzivirira.

Kubvira pakuitika kwe9 / 11 / 2001, kupindira uye mabasa eAngland neIraq, pamwe nemamwe mabasa ehondo munyika yose, hurumende dzevanhu veUnited States dziri kuramba dzichidzingwa uye dzichirwisana. Sangano reAmerican Patriot, rave rakanyanyisa kuburitsa rusununguko rwevanhu kuronga nekugadzirirawo vagari vakawanda veAmerica "rusununguko" kubva mukushungurudzwa kwehurumende nekusarura. Vanhu veAmerica vechitendero cheMuslim vave vari zvinangwa zvakasiyana siyana zvekurwiswa kwakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pehurumende dzavo munguva iyi (Devereaux, 2016). Uyezve, magungano evanhu achida kupikisa kazhinji anongorongedzwa kune izvo zvinonzi zvakasununguka kutaura kutaura; uye ipapo pane zvakavanzika zvekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi kwezvinhu zvose zvekutengeserana kwepaIndaneti Edward Edwardden nevamwe vakashinga vemaoko vakazarura (Democracy Now, June 10th, 2013).

Ndingadai ndati izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kutyisidzira hurumende dzedu uye rusununguko uye kugara munharaunda iyo yakarurama uye yakaenzana pasi pemutemo iwoyo. Zvisinei, ini nemhuri yangu kana ini hatina kuiswa mumusasa wevasungwa kana kuramba tiri pasi pekutsvaga kwekutyisidzira kwehukama hwangu kana hutsika hwangu hwezvematongerwe enyika saka iropafadzo yakajeka yekuita semashoko akadaro. Iko kutsvakurudza kwezvinyorwa zvedu zvepaIndaneti zvinowanzoita kuti pave nemikana yekurapa kwevanhu vose.

Kurwara hondo kazhinji kunopesana nekupa rusununguko uye rusununguko mukati meimwe nyika, asi zvinogona kunge zviri mukudzvinyirira uye zvakare kukanganisa nekudzokorora kunobvumira rusununguko uye rusununguko rwekuiswa mumitemo mitsva uye kunzwisisa kwatsva. Kuoma kwemaitiro ehondo kunogona kuvhura masuo ekuenzana kukuru, rusununguko uye kururamisira; asi hondo ivo pachavo haisi mune chero ipi zvayo kuumba rusununguko rutsva mune chero ruzivo rwezvakanaka rwezwi. Hondo uye masangano anovhiringidza uye anobatsirwa nehondo, nenzira yezvakasikwa, kuedza kudzivisa zvinetso kune zvigaro zvemasimba. Kana vagari vomunyika vasingadziviri mitemo iyo inoda kurwisana, zvino rusununguko rwavo uye rusununguko rucharehwa. Izvi, ini ndinotenda, ndezvepasi rose.

References

Devereaux, R. (2016). Mutongi uyo akabvumira kukura kweNYPD kuongororwa kwevaMuslim zvino inoda kutarisirwa. The Intercept. https://theintercept.com/2016/11 / 07 / mutongi-ndiani-akabvumirwa-kuwedzera-
nypd-vekunze-ve- muslim-iye zvino-anoda-more-oversight /

Dememocracy Zvino. (August 4, 1997). COINTELPRO. https://www.democracynow.org/1997 / 8 / 4 / cointelpro Dememocracy Zvino. (June 10, 2013). "Uri kutariswa": Edward Snowden anobuda sechikonzero chekushungurudza kwezvakazarurwa zveNSA kutsvaga. Yakadzorerwa kubva https://www.democracynow.org/2013 / 6 / 10 / iwere_being_watched_edward_snowden_emerges

McElroy, W. (2002). Hondo Yenyika I uye kudzvinyirirwa kwekupesana. Independent Institute.
http://www.independent.org/nhau / article.asp? id = 1207

Rae, S. (2006). NBC inoramba Dixie Chicks: chii chakakonzera izvozvo?
https://www.prwatch.org/news/2006 / 11 / 5404 / nbc-rejects-chicks-whats

Schwartz, J & Fabrikant, G. (2003). Media; Hondo inoisa redhiyo hofori pane inodzivirira. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03 / 31 / bhizimisi / media-hondo-inoisa-radio-hof-ye-iyo-kudzivirira.html

Smiley, T. (2010). Nyaya yaDkt. King's 'Beyond Vietnam' mutauro. NPR Hurukuro yeRudzi Rwenhepfenyuro.  https://www.npr.org/templates/nhau / nhau.php? nhauId =125355148

Sweeting, M. (2004). Chidzidzo pamusoro peJapan American Internment. Kudzokorora Zvidzidzo zvedu, vol. 2. Zvikoro zveRethinking Publication.

Kirk Johnson mudzidzi mu World BEYOND WarYazvino online kosi Hondo Kubvisa 101, iyo yakanyorerwa rondedzero iyi.