Hondo uye Kupisa

NaNathan Albright, Kurume 11, 2020

From Voices for Creative Nonviolence

Musi wa5 June^th, 2019, mukuru wenyanzvi muongorori Rod Schoonover akataura pamberi peImba Intelligence kunzwa pane National kuchengetedza uye Kwemamiriro ekunze Shanduko. "Mamiriro ekunze epasi haana kupokana nekudziya kwenguva yakareba sekushomekedzwa kwakaitwa nemakumi emakore zviyero zvesainzi kubva kune dzakawanda dzakazvimiririra humbowo," akadaro Schoonover. "Tinotarisira kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokanganisa zvido zvekuchengetedza nyika kubva kuUS kuburikidza nenzira dzakawanda, dzakafanana, uye dzakaunganidzwa. Nyika dzepasi rose dzinowanzo kukanganisa kusanzwanana zvinoita sedzematongerwo enyika, hwemagariro, hupfumi, uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu pasi rose. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukuvara kwehupfumi, kutyisidzira hutano hwevanhu, kuchengetedzwa kwesimba, uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu. "Tinotarisira kuti hapana nyika ingagone kusangana nemamiriro ekunze ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwemakore makumi maviri." Nguva pfupi apedza kutaura, Schoonover akarega chinzvimbo chake ndokunyora Op-Ed muNew York Times maakaburitsa pachena kuti hutongi hwaTrump hwakaedza kutsanangura zvaakataura, zvichimuudza mune imwe memo yekuvhura zvikamu zvikuru zvehurukuro yake uye kupa zano kurongedza kwevamwe. Vanotungamira kudzora nekunyora zvinyorwa pa Schoonover, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa mugwaro risingazivikanwe rakaburitswa neCentre for Climate and Security, zvinosanganisira fungidziro yekuti "kubvumirana kwevezera rakaongororwa mabhuku hakuna chekuita nechokwadi."

Musangano wekutonga kwaTrump wekudzvinyirira ruzivo nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze anozivikanwa zvakanyanya (ndichitsvaga chinyorwa ichi ndakaramba ndichiwana zvinongedzo izvo makore mashoma apfuura zvakatungamira kuhurumende magwaro nezvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze asi izvozvi akanditumira kumiyalezo yekukanganisa uye mapeji asina chinhu) huyai mushamisike kune vakawanda vaverengi isimba rakasimba simba rekutonga iri ratambira kubva kuPentagon. Kwangosara mwedzi mishoma pamberi peImba Intelligence Kunzwa, makumi mashanu nevasere vaimbove mauto eUS nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika vakasaina tsamba kuMutungamiriri vachimuteterera kuti azivise "kutyisidzira kwekuchengetedzeka kwenyika yeUS" kwakapihwa nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. "Zvine ngozi kuti kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kuenzane nezvematongerwo enyika," inoverenga tsamba yakatsikiswa nevakuru vemauto, nyanzvi dzehungwaru, nemachinda evashandi avo mataresi avo akatarisana nemanagement apfuura, "shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichokwadi, zviri kuitika izvozvi, inofambiswa nevanhu, uye iri kukurumidza. ”

Mumakore matatu apfuura, vakuru vasingaverengeki kubva kuIntelligence Community (IC) neDhipatimendi reDziviriro (DOD) vakataura vachinetseka nenyaya yekuchengeteka kwemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira aimbova Sekiritari wezveDziviriro, James Mattis, Director weNational Intelligence. , Daniel Coats, Secretary of the Navy, Richard Spencer, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Bill Moran, Chief of Staff of the US Air Force, General David L. Goldfein, Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff, General Stephen Wilson, Deputy Deputy Army Chief of Staff, General James McConville, Chief weNational Guard Bureau, General Joseph Lengyel, Commander weMarine Corps, General Robert Neller, Secretary of the Air Force, Heather A. Wilson, uye Commander we United States European Command uye NATO Mukuru Allied Commander Europe, General Curtis M. Scaparrotti. Muna Schoonover's Op-Ed yeNew York Times, akatsanangura kushushikana kwakapararira muPentagon: "Mashoko maviri anovengwa nevashandi vezvekuchengetedza nyika haana chokwadi uye anoshamisika, uye hapana mubvunzo kuti mamiriro ekunze ari kuchinja anovimbisa huwandu hwakawanda hwese."

Kubatana pakati pesainzi yemamiriro ekunze nemauto kunodzokera shure zvakana kusvika kuma1950, nguva refu shanduko yemamiriro ekunze isati yaitwa mune zvematongerwo enyika. Oceanologist Roger Revelle, mumwe wevasayendisiti vakatanga kuita research nezvekudziya kwepasirese, akatarisa kuongororwa kwenyukireya pazvitsuwa zveBikini achiri mudiki seNational Naval Officer, uye akazowana mari yekutsvagisa mamiriro ekunze nekutaura kunetsekana kusangana nezvesimba reSoviet rekushandisa zvombo. mamiriro ekunze. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzesainzi yemamiriro ekunze dzakaratidza kushushikana kwaRevelle nezvekuwira kumashure kwevaSoviet uye ndokudzokorora kubatana kwemauto ezve nyukiliya muna 1959 gwaro rekutanga reNational Institute for Atmospheric Research, vachinyora, "zviitwa nemurume mukupedza mafuta ezvekufambisa mumakore zana apfuura, uye Kuzoverengera zvombo zvenyukireya mumakore gumi apfuura zvave kuita zvakaringana kuti zviite kuti zvive zvakakosha kuongorora kuti zviitiko izvi zvakave nemamiriroi pamhepo.

Nguva pfupi yadarika, apo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakanetsekana senyaya yekudyidzana muWashington, nyanzvi dzezvekuchengetedzeka dzisiri kuartin kuDOD dzakanzvera zvakanyarara ndokunyora huwandu hwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye zvazvinoreva mukuchengetedzeka kwepasirese. Mumashoko aCol Law Law Wilkerson, aimbova Chief of Staff kuna Colin Powell, "iro dhipatimendi mu… Washington rakanyatsojeka uye rakabatwa nepfungwa yekuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichokwadi iiro Dhipatimendi reDziviriro."

Izvi zvirinani muchikamu nekuda kwekutyisidzira kune zvivakwa zvechiuto. Iyo Ndira 2019 DOD Chirevo pamusoro peMhedzisiro yeChinja Chachinja inonyora e79 masoja ehondo ari panjodzi yekukanganisa kwakanyanya kuita mashandiro ekunze nekuda kwekusanaya (semuenzaniso, paJoint Base Anacostia Bolling muDC nePearl Harbor, HI), kuparadzwa (panguva yepakati peUS drone Command Center, Creech Air Force base muNevada), mirazvo yemoto (kuVandenberg Air Force Base kuCalifornia), ichipwanya permafrost (kunzvimbo dzekudzidziswa muGreeley, Alaska), uye mafashama (kuNorfolk Naval Base muVirginia). "Zvakakodzera kunongedza," vanyori vechinyorwa chinyorwa, "kuti 'ramangwana' pakuongorora uku rinongoreva makore makumi maviri chete mune ramangwana." Muhurukuro yapfuura neCentre for Investigative Reporting, aimbova Sekiritari weNavy, Ray Mabus akayambira, "zvese zvaunoverenga, sainzi yese yaunoona ndeyekuti takadzora kumhanya kwazvino kuzoitika izvi ... Kana isu tikapa 'tichaita chimwe chinhu kudzoreredza kana kunonotsa kukwirira kwegungwa, iro rakakura kwazvo musana wezvehondo pasi, Norfolk, ichaenda pasi pemvura. Zvichanyangarika. Uye ichanyangarika mukati mehupenyu hwehupenyu nhasi. "

Asi kutyisidzira muzvivakwa kunongova kutanga kwekunetseka kunoratidzwa nevatungamiriri vezvekuchengetedzeka veUS, vanowanzoreva nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze se “kutyisidzira.” Kuongorora zvinowanikwa pachena zvePentagon zvinyorwa kubva mumakore mashoma apfuura zvinoratidza huwandu hwakawandisa hwematambudziko akakomberedza dambudziko remamiriro ekunze kubva kune Intelligence nevatungamiriri veDziviriro. Kuvhiringidzika kwemamiriro ekunze kwakanyorwa kare kunosanganisira kuwedzera kwevarwi vanorwara kana kufa nekuda kwekurwara nekudziya panguva yekurovedza muviri, kunetsa kuita zvechiuto, pamwe nekudzora kwehungwaru, kuongorora, uye kuenda kunotora nzvimbo zvekare nekuda kwe “mazuva asiri ekuenda kutiza.” Kunetseka nezveramangwana uye kwakareba nguva yemberi kwakanyanya kudzvinyirira, kusanganisira: kuwedzeredzwa masheji ezvirwere uye varwere vechirwere; kwakakura mamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi kubva kunjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga; matunhu makuru achiva asingagone kubva pakusanaya kana kupisa kusingatsungirwe; kuvhurwa kwenzvimbo idzva senge arctic (pakabvunzwa kuti chii chakafemurazve kudzokorora kweDOD Arctic Isu Muna 2014, uye Sekiritari weNavy, Richard Spencer akati, "chinhu chakanyanya kunyungudika."); kupokana neRussia neChina pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvichangobva kuburitswa nekunyungudika; kupararira kwakapararira kwesimba; kusangana-kwenyika kusawirirana pamusoro pezvese kuyedza kuedza injinjini mamiriro ekunze; uye kuwedzera mukana wekunyanyisa, nekukurumidza kuchinja mumamiriro ekunze.

Muna 2016, uye Director weNational Intelligence Daniel Coats, vakataura nezve njodzi idzi mumushumo wakadanwa Zvazvinoreva kune US Nyika Yese Chengetedzo Yakatarisirwa Kusintha Kwemamiriro ekunze. Kunyange hazvo "kukanganisa kunoenderana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuchiri kuitika," akanyora kudaro, "anopfuura makore makumi maviri, migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pamatanho ekufambisa kwevanhu uye kusaverengeka kunogona kuve kunoshamisa, pamwe zvisati zvamboitika. Kana vasingafungiri, vanogona kukonzera masisitimendi nehurumende zviwanikwa. " Akayambira kuti nyika inogona kutarisana "nekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kukuru" kwakabatana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuti, "muzviitiko zvakakurisa, masimba ehurumende anogona kudonha zvishoma kana zvachose."

Muna Nyamavhuvhu, 2019 Army War College yakaburitsa ongororo yadzo nezve njodzi idzi, ichichemera "inowanzoomarara uye yaipomerwa zvematongerwo enyika" hurukuro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, uye yakawana kuti "sesangano riri, nemutemo, risiri revatungamiriri. of Defense haina kugadzirira chaizvo kuchengetedzwa kwenyika nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukonzera kuchengetedzeka kwepasi rose. " Chidzidzo, chakatumidzwa Zvinoreva kuchinja kweMamiriro ekunze kweUS Army, inonyevera kuti "mamiriro ekunze ekudziya ekunze nemamiriro ekunze akawandisa ari kusvika nenzira inoshamisa," uye anodzikira mukati me "dambudziko rekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze munyika imwechete," Bangladesh. Vanyori vacho vanotiyeuchidza kuti Bangladesh, nyika ine vanhu vasere veSyria iyo nguva pfupi yadarika mamiriro ekunze akakonzera hondo yevagari pamwe nemhedzisiro yepasi rose, iripo semhedzisiro yehondo pakati peIndia nePakistan, mauto maviri makuru mauto zvino ane simba renyukireya. "Sezvo makungwa sezvaanokwira uye nzvimbo dzakakura dzeBanglanda dzikaramba dzisingagarike, makumi emamirioni evanotorerwa Bangladeshis achaendepiko? Kutama kukuru uku kuchaita sei kuchengetedzwa kwepasi rose munzvimbo ine vanhu vangangoita makumi mana kubva muzana vepasi rose uye nemasimba masimba anoverengeka anopesana?

Muenzaniso Wemauto War College inosvika pamoyo yekutyisa kwemamiriro ekunze ePentagon: kutama kwevanhu. Mubhuku rake ra 2017 Kukoromora Chidziro: Shanduko Yemamiriro ekunze, Kutama, uye Homeland Security, mutori wenhau anoongorora Todd Miller anotsanangura kuputika kwekutya kwehurumende pamusoro pekufambisa kwakaitika mumakumi emakore apfuura. "Paive nematanho gumi nematanhatu apo rusvingo rweBerlin rwakawa muna16," Miller anonyora, "ikozvino kune anopfuura makumi manomwe pasi rose," kusanganisira, "mutsva weTurkey mutsva" neSiria, iyo [ine] shongwe yega yega chiuru. tsoka dzine gadziriro yemitauro yemitauro mitatu uye 'nharaunda dzakapfura' dzinotsigirwa nokudhonzera zeppelin drones. "

Miller anoratidza kuti chinyorwa mukati The Atlantic kubva 1994, Kuuya Kwekushushikana yakave nechisimba chakaburitsa pakuumba mutemo wekuchinja kwehurumende munguva ino. Rondedzero yakanyorwa naRobert Kaplan, sekureva kunoita Miller, "musanganiswa wakasarudzika weMalthusian nativism uye fungidziro yekudonha kwezvekugara," Kaplan anorondedzera nezvikamu zvakafanana zvinotyisa uye kuramba "hordes" yevechidiki vanodzungaira, vasina basa kuWest. MaAfrican shantytown uye mamwe matunhu eGlobal South pavanobatana nemapoka uye vanogadzirisa matunhu vasina hanya nekutonga kwemutemo. "Kune mamirioni akanyanya" Kaplan anoyambira, achitarisa kunosvika makumi maviri nemasere^st zana, "ane simba uye zvishuvo zvakasvibirira zvichakurira zviratidzo zvevakuru, kudzosera remangwana kuita chinhu chinotyisa." Kaplan chiratidzo chisina kusimba cheramangwana chakakurumidza kugamuchirwa sechiporofita padanho repamusoro rehurumende yeU.S., akafekerwa nechero underretretary yenyika Tim Wirth kumumiriri wese weAmerica pasi rese, uye akarumbidzwa neMutungamiri Clinton akashevedza Kaplan kuti "[beacon] nekuda kwehunyoro hutsva ku kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. " Mugore rakadaro, Miller anoti, "US Army Corps of Injiniya aishandisa matsvina-anotora matsvina kubva kuVietnam nePersian Gulf hondo kuvaka rusvingo rwekutanga muNogales, Arizona," chikamu chechisimba chehurumende yeClinton "Kudzivirira Kuburikidza Nokubvisa Deterrence." "Mutemo wekubuda. Gore rakatevera, maBorder Patrol agents akaita "nzvimbo dzinoshungurudza vanhu vakawanda kuArizona uko vamiririri vakaisa makorokoto emadziro umo ivo" vakaendesa vanhu "kuchirongwa chechimbichimbi, ndokuzovatakura mumabhazi anovaendesa kunzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vanhu vakawanda.”

Mumakore kubvira nyaya yaKaplan, remangwana re dystopian remangwana remhando yakafanana rakaiswa nenyanzvi dzekuchengetedza uye vanofunga matangi achikurudzira hurumende kuti dzizvibatanidze pachavo nekuda kwezvinokanganisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Kusiyana nemitezo yesainzi yakadai seInternational Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) vanozeza zvakanyanya kutora mukana wakanyanya mukufungidzira nezveramangwana kuti vangangopomerwa mhosva imwe, avo vari mubhizinesi redziviriro vanokurumidza kuongorora zvese zvinoonekwa yenhamo, kuti varege kukundikana kuve vakagadzirira kamwechete mukana. Iko kusanganiswa kwekusatarisa kwakatarisa kune chaiko kweiyo dambudziko remamiriro ekunze uye kushaikwa kwekutenda kwakazara muvanhu zvinocherekedza zvinyorwa izvi zvinoita kuti kuverengere kuverenga.

Muna 2003, tangi yekufunga yePentagon yakaburitsa mushumo wakadaidzwa An Abrupt Kwekuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze Scenario nemhedzisiro yayo kune United States National Security. Chirevo, icho chaizove kukurudzira kweiyo Hollywood blockbuster Kuswera mangwana, yakafunga nyika umo dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rakawedzera kukurudzira nyika dzakapfuma senge US kuti "dzivakire nhare dzakatenderedza dzakatenderedza nyika dzadzo, vachizvichengetera zviwanikwa," mamiriro ezvinhu ayo, "anogona kutungamira kunongedza kwemunwe uye kupomera, senyika dzakapfuma." "tinoshandisa simba rakawanda uye tinoburitsa magreenhouse akadai se CO2 mumhepo." Vanyori vacho vanopedzisira vachinyora nezve American kipekee, vachifungidzira kuti "kunyangwe iyo iyo US iyo pachayo ichinge iri nani uye nekugona kushanduka, ichazviwana munyika iyo Europe ichatambudzika mukati, huwandu hukuru hwevapoteri huri kugeza pamusoro mahombekombe neAsia mudambudziko rakakura pamusoro pechikafu uye mvura. Kuvhiringidzika uye kukakavara zvichange zviri zvinhu zvehupenyu. "

Muna 2007, matangi maviri eWashington anofunga, iyo Center for Strategic neInternational Study uye Center yeNew American Security, akaisa pamwezve kuzadzikiswa kwakawanda kwekufungidzira mumushumo unoshumwa Age ye Mhedzisiro. Chikwata chakashanda pane gwaro chakagadzirwa nevatungamiriri vepamusoro vePentagon vanosanganisira aimbova Chief of Staff kuna Mutungamiri John Podesta, aimbova National Security Advisor kune Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri Leon Fuerth (vese vaviri vaizonyora tsamba ichangobva kuenda kuna VaTrump), aimbova CIA Director James Woolsey, nevamwe vanoverengeka "vanozivikanwa munyika vatungamiriri mune sainzi yemamiriro ekunze, mutemo wekunze, sainzi rezvematongerwo enyika, Oceanography, nhoroondo, uye chengetedzo yenyika." Chirevo chakatarisa zviitiko zvitatu zvekudziya "mukati mekukanganisika kwesainzi," kubva ku "kutarisirwa" kusvika "zvakanyanya" kuenda ku "njodzi." Mamiriro ezvinhu "anotarisirwa", anotsanangurwa nevanyori se "zvishoma zvatingafanira kugadzirira," akataridzika pakuwedzeredza kupisa kwepasi rose na1.3, uye kunosanganisira "kukwidziridzwa kwemukati nekuyambuka miganhu inokonzereswa nekusakura. kutama; Kunetsana kwakakonzerwa nekushomeka kwezvekushandisa, ”uye“ kuwedzera chirwere muzvirwere. ” Mamiriro ezvinhu "akanyanya" anotsanangura nyika inodziya ne2040 C panosvika 2.6 umo "zviitiko zvikuru zvisiri mutsara munzvimbo yepasi rose zvinounza zviitiko zvihombe zvisingaite mutsika." Mune chechitatu, "njodzi" mamiriro, vanyori vanofunga nyika 2040 ° C inodziya na 5.6:

"Kuwanda kwemhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze - kunyanya munzvimbo dzakajeka uye dziri kure-zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kunzwisisa kusvika nekukura kweshanduko dzinogona kuitika kumberi. Kunyangwe pakati peboka redu rekugadzira uye rakatsunga revanoona zviitiko, zvakange zvakandiomera kufunga kufungidzira shanduko yepasi rose yehukuru uhwu. Kupisa kwepasirese kunowedzera kupfuura 3 ° C uye nhanho yegungwa inokwira yakayerwa mumamita (ramangwana rinogona kuongororwa muchimiro chetatu) inokonzeresa hutsva hwakakura hwepasi rose zvekuti hazvibviri kufunga nezvese zvikamu zvehupenyu hwenyika nenyika dzese. zvisingadzivisiki Sekucherechedzwa kwakaita mumwe mutambi, 'kusachinjika kwemamiriro ekunze kwakaenzana nenyika inoratidzwa naMad Max, chete kunopisa, kusina mabhichi, uye pamwe paine nyonganiso.' Kunyangwe chimiro chakadai chingaite senge chakawandisa, kunyatsoongorora uye kunyatsoongorora zvese mhedzisiro dzakawanda dzinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwenyika kuri kuvhiringidza zvakanyanya. Kuparara uye mhirizhonga inosanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze remangwana zvaizogadzirisa kanenge kese kwehupenyu hwazvino. Chiitiko chimwe chete chakafananidzwa nevazhinji muboka iri kufunga nezvezvaizoitika mushure mekushambadzira kwenyukireya kweUS-Soviet kungave kwakabatanidzirwa mukukura kweHondo Yemashoko. "

Ongororo ichangopfuura, yakabudiswa neAustralia tangi yekufunga muna 2019, mareferensi Age ye Mhedzisiro uye inopa mamwe mamiriro akagadziridzwa, ichitaura kuti kana tikazvidavirira "kwenguva refu-kutenderera kabhidhi-redhabheti," zvibvumirano zvakaitwa muchibvumirano cheParis chegore ra2015 zvaizotungamira kusvika ku5 ° C yekudziya panosvika 2100. Pepa racho, rakanyorwa zita Iripo Yekunze-Yakanangana neChengetedzo Njodzi, inovhura nekutaura mushumo weSeneti weAustralia iyo yakawana kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze "inotyisidzira kutsakatika kwehupenyu hwepakutanga hwehupenyu hwehungwaru kana kuparadzwa zvachose uye nekukanganisa kweiyo mukana wekusimudzira kwakanaka mune ramangwana," uye kunyevera kuti kutyisidzira uku "kuri pedyo nepakati . ” Vanyori vanocherekedza kuti World Bank inotarisa iyo 4 ° C yekudziya kunogona “kusingachinjiki.” "Zviripachena," mushumo unopedzisa, kuti kuchengetedza budiriro yevanhu, "kufambiswa kwemasimba epasi rose kunodiwa mumakore gumi ari kuuya kuvaka zindasitiri inoburitsa maindasitiri uye kutanga kudzidzisa kudzoreredza mamiriro ekunze akachengeteka. Izvi zvingaenderana neHondo Yenyika yechipiri kukurudzira. ”

Usaite chikanganiso, iwo akanyanya mwero-anotungamira ongororo yedambudziko remamiriro ekunze ari kufungidzira kuti makumi emakore ari kuuya achaona mazana emamiriyoni evapoteri vatsva vezvemamiriro ekunze vachiwedzerwa kumakumi emamirioni akatotamiswa nedambudziko. Kana tangobvuma shanduko isingadziviriki, yekushanduka kwenzvimbo iyo dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinovimbisa kwemakumi emakore ari kuuya, tinotarisana nemaonero maviri epasirese. Mune yekutanga, mushure mekuziva nezvedambudziko iri, vanhu vanoshanda pamwechete uye vanobatanidza zviwanikwa kuti vatsigirane - chiitiko chinoda kugadzirisa kusaenzana kukuru muhupfumi nesimba. Yechipiri, inosarudzwa nevakuru, inosanganisira kuomarara kwekusaenzana umo avo vanenge vatova nezvakawandisa pavanofunga zvekuwedzera zviwanikwa nekumisikidza chero munhu anoda "kutyisidzira kwekuchengetedza" kuitira kururamisa mhirizhonga yakanyanyisa. Ruzhinji rwevanhu rwungabatsirike kubva pakuona kwekutanga apo vashoma parizvino vari kubatsirwa kubva kune wechipiri, kusanganisira vanogadzira zvombo zvikuru pasi rese vakaita saBoing, Lockheed Martin, naRaytheon, angangoita ese ayo anobatsira kubhadhara matangi ekufunga achifungidzira ramangwana iro inodonha kuita zvidimbu pasina ivo.

In Kupwanya Rusvingo, Todd Miller anofamba nevapoteri vanoverengeka vemamiriro ekunze parwendo rwavo rwunoshungurudza rwekutama. Iye anoona kuti "muganhu munguva yeanthropocene" unowanzo kuve ne "varimi vechidiki vasina zvombo vane goho rinokundikana kusangana nemitemo yemiganhu iri kuwedzera uye yakapihwa pachivande yekutarisa, pfuti nemajeri." Mukupesana kukuru nemishumo kubva kuvakuru vezvekuchengetedza, anoti nyika dzinofanirwa kunge dzichitora vapoteri vemamiriro ekunze zvichienderana nebasa ravo rekare rekubvisa - izvi zvaizoreva kuti US yaizotora 27% yevapoteri, EU 25%, China 11% , zvichingoenda zvakadaro. "Panzvimbo iyoyo," anonongedzera, "idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzine bhajeti hombe yemauto. Uye idzi ndiyo nyika idzo nhasi dzirikumisa madziro akareba emiganhu. ” Zvichakadaro, avo vanogara mune makumi mana neshanu dzinonzi "nyika dzakabudirira zvishoma," vangango peta nekashanu kufa nenjodzi ine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze nepo ichitora pasi pe48% yemweya wepasi rose. "Hondo yechokwadi yemamiriro ekunze," Miller anonyora, "haisi pakati pevanhu munharaunda dzakasiyana vachirwirana kushomeka zviwanikwa. Iri pakati pevaya vane masimba neepasi; pakati pekuzviuraya chinzvimbo uye tariro yeshanduko inoenderera. Muganhu wemauto unongova chimwe chezvombo zvakaiswa nevari musimba. ” Zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu aya chete ndipo patinogona kutanga kuona zvinoita sekuramba mamiriro ekunze uye kushushikana kwemamiriro ekunze kwevakuru vane zvakafanana: zvese zviri pamusoro pekuchengetedza chinzvimbo - kungave nekusimbirira kune chimwe chokwadi kana kuendesa mauto muchiitiko chekutyisidzira simba rakasimbiswa.

Miller anotaurira nyaya yeboka diki iyo, iyo yaremerwa nekukura kuri kuita kudziya kwepasirese muhupenyu hwavo, vakasarudza kufamba makiromita anopfuura chiuru pane "rwendo rwevanhu" kuenda kuMusangano weParamende weParis we 1,000. Anotevera vaviri vevafambi, Yeb naG, hama dzekuPhilippines avo, muna 2015, vakaona Typhoon Haiyan vachiparadza imba yavo. AG akapukunyuka padutu padanho re2013 "iro rakatsanangurwa nevamwe se" 6-kilometer yakaputika ", uye vakazvitakura zvitunha zvevanhu makumi matanhatu nenomwe vemunharaunda yake panguva yekuedza kupora. Yeb, aitaura nezve mamiriro ekunze kuPhilippines panguva iyoyo, akazopedzisira arasikirwa nebasa mushure mekuputika kwemweya kuWarsaw Climate Summit apo akamirira shoko kubva kumhuri yake. Pakutanga rwendo rwemazuva makumi matanhatu, vakati vakundwa nematambudziko "chaiwo, anotyisa" akasangana nenyika, asi pavaifamba vakawana nyaradzo mumunhu mutsva wega wega uyo akagadza nzira yekugamuchira vaeni zvakanaka parwendo rwavo. Kwakanga kuri kuyanana ne "vanhu chaivo," vakadaro, avo vakavagamuchira uye vakavapa mibhedha, izvo zvakavapa tariro.

Pavakasvika muParis, vakawana gadziriro yeguta rekutambira musangano wemozha yakanga yakandwa mumhirizhonga naNovember 13 anozivikanwa.^th kurwisa kwekutyisa. Vhiki iro, "mubatanidzwa wezvemitemo yemamiriro ekunze akasangana nemauto ehondo anopesana nehugandanga." Hurumende painokumbira mamiriro ekunze kuti arambidze kuratidzira kwemamiriro ekunze kunze kwemusangano, Miller akataura kuti padyo, Milipol, musoja tech expo, akabvumidzwa kuenderera sezvakarongwa kunyangwe zvaisanganisira vanopfuura makumi maviri nevaviri vaipinda vachifamba pakati pevatengesi kuti vadzidze nezve uye bata zvombo. Chiitiko ichi chaive chakazadzwa nematuru, mota dzakavezwa, madziro emumadziro, kuratidzwa kwe "mannequin akapfeka nhumbi dzemuviri, aine masks egesi uye pfuti dzekurwisa," uye vatengesi vanonyevera nezve "vanhu vanozvinyepera sevapoteri."

Miller anonyora kuti kupupurira Milipol pamwe nekufamba kwevanhu kwakajekesa musiyano uripo pakati peruramisiro yemamiriro ekunze nekuchengetedzeka kwemamiriro ekunze: "kutenda kwemukati mukunaka kwevamwe." "Chatinonyanya kuda ndeyekudyidzana pasi pamwe nekuyambuka miganhu, kunyange nehutsinye hwayo" akadaro Yeb, "sangano iri rinofanira kusimbiswa uye kuvakwa pasinei vatungamiriri venyika. ” Vhiki iro pamusangano, kwaizonyorwa Paris Climate Accord, kunyangwe kurambidzwa nehurumende pagungano reruzhinji, vanhu zviuru gumi nezvinomwe vakafashukira mumigwagwa vakatarisana negasi remisodzi uye makirabhu emapurisa, nevamwe vanopfuura mazana matanhatu pasirese vakatenderera vachitsigira. "Solidarity haisi sarudzo," akadaro Yeb, paakapedza rwendo rwake nekupinda mungozi akasungwa achisanganisira kuratidzira kwemamiriro ekunze, "mukana wedu chete."

Nathan Albright anogara uye anoshanda kuMaryhouse Catholic Worker muNew York, uye anobatana “Mafashamo”.