Apo US inopinda munguva yenyukireya, yakaita saizvozvo pasina. Kutsvakurudza kutsva kunoratidza kuti mari yakavanzwa yekuvandudza zvombo zvenyukireya yakanga yakakura kukunda kudhanho kwekare, ne radioactive fallout inokonzera 340,000 ku690,000 America kufa kubva 1951 kusvika 1973.
Kudzidza, kwakaitwa Yunivhesiti yeArizona Economist Keith Meyers, anoshandisa nzira inoverengeka (pdf) kutarisa zvinokonzera kuipa kwemhepo iyi, iyo yaiwanzopedzwa nevaAmerica kunwa mukaka kure nenzvimbo yekuongororwa kweatomu.
Kubvira ku1951 kusvika ku1963, US yakaedza zvombo zvenyukireya pamusoro pevhu muNevada. Zvipfeko vatsvakurudzi, vasinganzwisisi nengozi-kana kungozvinyima-vakajekesa zviuru zvevashandi kuti vapinde mumhepo. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirisa kwe nyukireya zvinouraya kune vanhu mumvura yakakwirira, uye zvinogona kukonzera kenza yemukati kunyange mumadhora maduku. Pane imwe nguva, vatsvakurudzi vaiva nevazvipiri vanomira pasi pechirwere che nyukliya chenyika kuti aratidze kuti yakachengeteka sei:
Izvo zvinokonzera, zvisinei, hazvina kungoramba zviri panzvimbo yekuedzwa, uye zvakakwira mumhepo. Kanzera yemitengo yakatsvaga mumharaunda yakapoteredza, uye hurumende yeUnited States yaisakwanisa kuzviita sokuti kudonha kwaiva chinhu kunze kwemuurayi anyerere.
Mari inodhura mumadhora uye hupenyu
Congress pakupedzisira yakabhadharwa kudarika $ 2 bhiriyoni kune vagari vemunharaunda yaive pedyo avo vainyanya kuzarurirwa mazaisai, pamwe chete nevarimi vemigodhi. Asi kuedza kuenzanisa zvizere zvakakwana zvekuedza kuedza kwakanga kusina chokwadi, sezvo vaivimba nezvakawedzererwa migumisiro kubva kumatunhu akaoma-akaoma kusvika kunyika yose. Poshi tsananguro yenyika yakawanikwa kuedzwa kwakakonzera kenza yeA49,000 kufa.
Izvo zviyero, zvisinei, hazvina kutora huwandu hwakazara hwemigumisiro pane nguva uye geography. Meyers akasika mufananidzo wakajeka nenzira yekuziva kwakanyanya: Apo mhou dzaidya kupisa kwemavhisi yakawanda inopararira nemhepo yekudenga, mukaka wavo wakava nzira huru yekuendesa kurwara kwehutachiona kuvanhu. Muwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemukaka panguva ino waiva musha, nemhou dzichidya mumafuro uye mukaka wavo uchiendeswa kunharaunda dzepedyo, zvichipa Meyers nzira yokutsvaga kuparadzirwa kwemashoko munyika yose.
National Cancer Institute ine zvinyorwa zvehuwandu hweIodine 131-isotopu inotyisa yakabudiswa mukuongorora kweNevada-mumukaka, pamwe chete nemamwe mashoko pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemhepo. Nokuenzanisa izvi nedzimwe nhengo-dial-mortal mortal records, Meyers akawana zvakakosha kuwana: "Kuratidzira kugumburwa kuburikidza nemukaka kunotungamirira kuwedzera nokukurumidza kwekufa kwehuwandu hwekufa." Chii chinowedzera, izvi zvakagumuchirwa zvakasimbiswa munguva yakareba. US urwenyeri kuongororwa kunogona kuuraya kanomwe kusvika ku14 nguva dzakawanda kupfuura vanhu vataifunga, kunyanya pakati nepakati kumadokero nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva.
Chimbo chinopesana nevanhu vayo
Apo USA yakashandisa zvombo zvenyukireya munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, kuputira maguta eJapan aHiroshima neNagasaki, kuongororwa kunofungidzira kunoratidza kuti 250,000 vanhu vakafa munguva pfupi pashure pacho. Kunyange avo vaityisirwa nebhomba vakanga vasingazivi kuti veUnited States vaizoshandisa zvombo zvakafanana kune vanhu vavo, pangozi, uye pachiyero chakafanana.
Uye kupera kwekushandiswa kwenyukireya kwakabatsira vanhu veUnited States- "Chikamu Chine Chekuita Bhuku Rekuongorora Nyukliya kuve yakachengetedza pakati pe11.7 uye 24.0 mamiriyoni eAmerica," Meyers anofungidzira. Paivawo nemapofu mapofu anobatanidzwa mukuderedza nhamba yevanhu vane chepfu: Nevada Test Site, zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinogona kuongororwa nehurumende yeUnited States panguva iyoyo, yakagadzira nzvimbo yakaderera yakawanda yekupararira.
Izvozvo zvinowedzera migumisiro yezviedzo izvi zvinoramba, sezvinyararire uye sezvinotambudza sezvinonzi isotopi pachavo. Mamiriyoni eAmerica akange aine ruzivo rwekugumburwa angangodaro anorwara zvirwere zvakabatana nemisoro kunyange nanhasi, sezvo vachirega uye vachivimba nehurumende yeUnited States kuti vawane mari yavo yekutarisira.
"Iyi pepa inoratidza kuti kune vakawanda vanourayiwa neCold War kupfuura yaimbofunga, asi huwandu hunoshandiswa nehutano hweHarare hweHarare hunoramba huri mubvunzo wakajeka," Meyers anopedzisa.
