Kufumura Mimvuri: Kufumura Izvo chaizvo zveUS Overseas Mauto Mabhesi muna 2023.

NaMohammed Abunahel, World BEYOND War, May 30, 2023

Kuvapo kwezvigadziko zvemauto eUS mhiri kwemakungwa kwave kuri nyaya yekunetsa uye gakava kwemakumi emakore. United States inoedza kururamisa mabhesi aya sezvinodiwa pakuchengetedzwa kwenyika uye kugadzikana kwepasirese; zvisinei, idzi nharo dzinowanzoshaya kutendiswa. Uye mabhesi aya ane zvisingaverengeki zvakaipa zvinokonzeresa izvo zvave kuwedzera kuoneka. Ngozi inokonzerwa nezvigadziko izvi yakanyatsobatana nehuwandu hwavo, sezvo United States ikozvino ine humambo hwezvigaro zvemauto uko zuva risingambonyuri, rinotora nyika dze100 uye inofungidzirwa kuva yakakomberedza 900 mabhesi, maererano ne Visual Database Tool gadzirwa na World BEYOND War (WBW). Saka, aripi mabhesi aya? Vashandi vekuUS vanoendeswa kupi? Imarii iyo United States inoshandisa pakuita zvechiuto?

Ini ndinopokana kuti nhamba chaiyo yezvigadziko izvi haizivikanwe uye haina kujeka, sezvo iyo huru sosi, iyo Dhipatimendi inonzi Defence (DoD) mishumo inonyengerwa, uye inoshaya pachena uye kuvimbika. DoD ine chinangwa chekupa ruzivo rusina kukwana kune zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa uye zvisingazivikanwe zvikonzero.

Usati wasvetukira mune zvakadzama, zvakakodzera kutsanangura: ndeapi mabhesi ekunze eUS? Zvigadziko zvemhiri kwemakungwa inzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo dziri kunze kwemuganhu weUS, dzinogona kunge dziri dzake, dzakarenda, kana pasi pesimba reDoD nenzira yenzvimbo, zvitsuwa, zvivakwa, zvivakwa, kuraira uye kutonga, nzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu, zvikamu zve. nhandare dzendege, kana zviteshi zvengarava. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzova zvivakwa zvemauto zvinovambwa uye zvinoshandiswa nemauto eUS kune dzimwe nyika kuendesa mauto, kuita mauto, uye kuronga masimba euto reUS munzvimbo dzakakosha pasirese kana kuchengetedza zvombo zvenyukireya.

Nhoroondo yeUnited States yakakura yekugara ichiita hondo yakabatana zvakanyanya kune yakakura network yezvikero zvemauto ekunze. Nemabhesi angangoita mazana mapfumbamwe akapararira munyika dzinopfuura zana, US yakamisa huvepo hwepasi rose husingaenzaniswi nedzimwe nyika, kusanganisira Russia kana China.

Kubatanidzwa kwenhoroondo yeUnited States yakakura yekugadzira hondo uye network yayo yakakura yezvigadziko zvemhiri kwemakungwa kunopa mufananidzo wakaoma webasa rayo mukuita kuti nyika isagadzikana. Nhoroondo refu yekugadzira hondo neUnited States inosimbisazve kukosha kweizvi zvigadziko zvemhiri kwemakungwa. Kuvapo kwezvigadziko izvi kunoratidza kugadzirira kweUS kutanga hondo itsva. Mauto eUS aivimba nezvimisikidzo izvi kutsigira mauto ehondo akasiyana uye kupindira munhoroondo yese. Kubva kumahombekombe eEurope kusvika kunzvimbo dzakakura dzedunhu reAsia-Pacific, mabhesi aya akaita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza mauto eUS uye nekuona hutongi hweUS munyaya dzepasi rose.

Maererano Mari yeHondo chirongwa paBrown University, Makore makumi maviri mushure mechiitiko che20 / 9, US yakashandisa madhora masere emadhora pane iyo inonzi "hondo yepasi rose pamusoro pekutyisa." Ongororo iyi inofungidzira mari inosvika mazana matatu emamiriyoni emadhora pazuva kwemakore makumi maviri. Hondo idzi dzakauraya zvakananga zvinofungidzirwa vanhu mamiriyoni 6.

Muna 2022, iyo US yakashandisa $876.94 Bhiriyoni pamauto ayo, izvo zvinoita kuti US ive mushandisi mukuru wemauto pasi rose. Kushandiswa uku kwakada kuenzana nekushandiswa kwenyika gumi neimwe muhondo yadzo, zvinoti: China, Russia, India, Saudi Arabia, Great Britain, Germany, France, Korea (Republic of), Japan, Ukraine, neCanada; mari yavo yese i$875.82 bhiriyoni. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza nyika dzepamusoro dzinoshandisa mari pasi rose. (Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota ona WBW's Mapping Militarism).

Imwe njodzi iri mukuendeswa kweUS kwemauto ayo pasi rese. Kutumirwa uku kunosanganisira zviito zvinodikanwa kuendesa mauto uye zviwanikwa kubva kudzimba dzavo kuenda kunzvimbo yakatarwa. Kubva muna 2023, nhamba yevashandi vekuUS vakaiswa munzvimbo dzekunze i150,851 (Nhamba iyi haisanganisire vashandi veNavy muArmed Forces Europe kana Armed Forces Pacific kana ese "special" mauto, CIA, mercenaries, makondirakiti, vatori vechikamu mune dzimwe hondo. (Syria, Ukraine, etc.) Japan ine nhamba yepamusoro-soro yevashandi vemauto eU. ruzivo, ndapota ona Mapping Militarism).

Kuvapo kwevashandi vemauto eUS muzvigaro zvekune dzimwe nyika kwave kwakabatana nekukanganisa kwakati wandei. Pese pane hwaro, pane zviitiko apo masoja eUS anopomerwa mhosva yekupara mhosva, kusanganisira nyaya dzekurova, kubata chibharo, uye dzimwe mhosva.

Uyezve, kuvapo kwezvigaro zvemauto uye zviitiko zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yezvakatipoteredza. Kuitwa kwechiuto, kusanganisira kurovedza muviri, kunogona kubatsira mukusvibisa uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kubata kwezvinhu zvine njodzi uye kukanganisa kwemauto ezvivakwa zvenzvimbo zvinogona kuunza njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hweveruzhinji.

Maererano Visual Database Tool gadzirwa na World BEYOND War, Germany ine nhamba yepamusoro yezvigadziko zveU.

Zvichienderana nemishumo yeDoD, nzvimbo dzemauto eUS dzinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru:

• Mabhesi makuru: chigadziko/chiuto kuisirwa kune imwe nyika, iyo yakakura kudarika 10 acres (4 hectares) kana kukosha kudarika $10 mamiriyoni. Aya mabhesi akaverengerwa mumishumo yeDoD, uye zvinotendwa kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvigadziko izvi chine vanopfuura mazana maviri emauto eUS. Inopfuura hafu yeUS mhiri kwemakungwa mabhesi akanyorwa pasi pechikamu ichi.
• Mabhesi madiki: chigadziko/chiuto kuisirwa kune imwe nyika, iyo idiki pane gumi maeka (10 hectares) kana ine kukosha isingasviki $4 miriyoni. Idzi nzvimbo hadzina kubatanidzwa muDoD mishumo.

KuMiddle East, the Al Udeid Mhepo Base ndiyo huru yekuiswa kwemauto eUS. United States inochengetedza kuvepo kwakakosha kwemauto kuMiddle East. Kuvapo uku kunoratidzwa nekutumirwa kwemauto, mabhesi, uye midziyo yemauto yakasiyana mudunhu rese. Nyika dzakakosha dzinogashira mauto eUS mudunhu iri dzinosanganisira Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, uye United Arab Emirates. Pamusoro pezvo, US Navy inoshandisa midziyo yengarava muPersian Gulf neGungwa reArabia.

Mumwe muenzaniso iEurope. Europe imusha kune angangoita 324 mabhesi, mazhinji ari muGermany, Italy neUnited Kingdom. Nzvimbo huru yemauto eUS uye zvekushandisa zvemauto muEurope iRamstein Air Base kuGermany.

Uyezve, muEurope pachayo, US ine zvombo zvenyukireya muzvigadziko zvinomwe kana zvisere. Tafura 1 inopa tarisiro yenzvimbo yezvombo zvenyukireya zveUS muEurope, kunyanya kutarisa kune akati wandei mabhesi uye mabhomba adzo kuverenga uye ruzivo. Zvakanyanya, iyo United Kingdom's RAF Lakenheath yakabata 110 zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS kusvika 2008, uye US iri kufunga kuchengeta zvombo zvenyukireya ikoko zvakare, kunyange sezvo Russia anotevera US modhi uye proposes kuchengeta nukes muBelarus. Turkey's Incirlik Air Base inomira kunze zvakare ine bhomba kuverenga makumi mapfumbamwe, inosanganisira makumi mashanu B90-50 uye 61 B3-40.

Tafura 1: US Nuclear Weapons muEurope

Kugadzwa kwezvigadziko zvemauto eUS kutenderera pasirese kune nhoroondo yakaoma yakabatana negeopolitical dynamics uye mauto mazano. Zvimwe zvezvimisikidzo izvi zvakabva kuvhu rakatorwa sezvakapambwa zvehondo, zvichiratidza mhedzisiro yekukonana kwenhoroondo uye kuchinja kwenzvimbo. Kuenderera mberi kwekuvapo uye kushanda kwezvigadziko izvi zvinotsamira pazvibvumirano zvekushandira pamwe nehurumende dzinotambira, idzo, mune dzimwe nguva, dzakabatanidzwa nehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri kana hurumende dzehudzvanyiriri dzinowana mamwe mabhenefiti kubva mukuvapo kwezvigadziko izvi.

Nehurombo, kumisikidzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvigadziko izvi kwagara kuchiuya nemutengo wevagari venzvimbo nenharaunda. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanhu vakatorerwa misha neminda yavo kuti vagadzirire nzvimbo dzokuvaka mauto. Kutamiswa uku kwakave nemhedzisiro yakakura mumagariro nehupfumi, kunyima vanhu raramo, kukanganisa mararamiro echinyakare, uye kukanganisa magariro enharaunda.

Uyezve, kuvapo kwezvigadziko izvi kwakakonzera matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwevhu nekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvinodiwa pakuisa uku kwakonzera kutamiswa kwemabasa ekurima uye kurasikirwa kweminda yakakosha yekurima. Pamusoro pezvo, mashandiro emabhesi aya akaunza kusvibiswa kwakawanda mumagadzirirwo emvura emuno nemhepo, zvichiisa njodzi kuhutano nekugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda dziri pedyo uye ecosystems. Kuvepo kusingafarirwe kwekuiswa kwemauto uku kwagara kuchikanganisa hukama pakati pevagari vemauto nemauto ari kutora - United States - zvichikurudzira kusawirirana uye kushushikana pamusoro pehutongi uye kuzvitonga.

Izvo zvakakosha kubvuma kuomarara uye kwakasiyana-siyana kukanganisa kwakabatana neaya mabhesi emauto. Kusikwa nekuenderera mberi kwehupenyu hwave husina kukosha kwemagariro, zvakatipoteredza, uye zvematongerwo enyika mhedzisiro kune nyika dzakatambira nevagari vadzo. Nyaya idzi dzichaenderera mberi chero mabhesi aya aripo.