By Mushandirapamwe Wepasi Pose Kuzobvisa Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)
United Nations nhasi yatora chishamiso Chisarudzo kutanga nhaurirano muna 2017 pamusoro pechibvumirano chinorambidza zvombo zvenyukireya. Sarudzo iyi ine nhoroondo inozivisa kupera kwemakumi maviri emakore ekuoma mitezo mukuedza kwepasirese zvombo zvenyukireya.
Pamusangano weDare Rokutanga reUN General Assembly, iro rinobata nyaya dzezvombo nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, nyika 123 dzakavhota dzichitsigira chisungo ichi, 38 dzichipikisa uye gumi nenhanhatu dzakaramba.
Sarudzo iyi ichagadzira musangano weUN kutanga muna Kurume gore rinouya, wakavhurirwa nyika dzese dziri nhengo, kutaurirana "chimbo chinosunga zviri pamutemo kurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya, zvichitungamira mukubviswa kwazvo". Nhaurirano dzichaenderera mberi muna Chikumi naChikunguru.
Sangano reInternational Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), mubatanidzwa wemasangano akazvimirira unoshanda munyika zana, wakarumbidza kutambirwa kwechisungo ichi sedanho guru rekumberi, richiratidza shanduko huru munzira iyo nyika inogadzirisa nayo dambudziko guru iri.
“Kwemakumi manomwe emakore, UN yakanyevera nezvenjodzi dzezvombo zvenyukireya, uye vanhu pasi rose vakakurudzira kubviswa kwazvo. Nhasi nyika zhinji dzakazofunga kurambidza zvombo izvi, "akadaro Beatrice Fihn, director director weICAN.
Pasinei nekutenderedzwa nemaoko nenyika dzinoverengeka dzine zvombo zvenyukireya, chisungo chakagamuchirwa mukudonha. Nyika dzinosvika makumi mashanu nenomwe dzaive vatsigiri, Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, Nigeria neSouth Africa dzakatungamira mukunyorwa kwechisungo ichi.
Vhoti yeUN yakauya maawa mashoma mushure mekunge Paramende yeEurope yatora yayo Chisarudzo panyaya iyi - 415 vachitsigira uye 124 vachipikisa, makumi manomwe nevana vakaramba - vachikoka nyika dzeEuropean Union kuti "dzitore chikamu zvine hungwaru" munhaurirano dzegore rinouya.
Zvombo zvenyukireya zvinoramba zviri izvo chete zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru zvisati zvarambidzwa nenzira yakazara uye yepasirese, zvisinei nekukanganisa kwadzo kwakanyatso kunyorwa kwenjodzi dzevanhu uye nharaunda.
"Chibvumirano chinorambidza zvombo zvenyukireya chaizosimbisa tsika yepasi rose pamusoro pekushandiswa uye kuva nezvombo izvi, kuvhara mikaha mikuru muhurumende iripo yepamutemo yepasirese uye kuunza chiito chakatora nguva refu pakubvisa zvombo," akadaro Fihn.
“Kuvhota kwanhasi kunoratidza zvakajeka kuti nyika zhinji dzepasi rose dzinoona kurambidzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya sechinhu chakakosha, chinogoneka uye nekukasika. Vanozviona senzira inonyanyoshanda yekuwana budiriro yechokwadi pakubvisa zvombo,” akadaro.
Zvombo zvebhayoloji, zvombo zvemakemikari, zvimbambaira zvinorwisa vashandi uye zvombo zvemapoka zvose zvinorambidzwa zviri pachena pasi pemutemo wenyika dzakawanda. Asi zvirambidzo zvishoma zviripo iye zvino nezvezvombo zvenyukireya.
Kubviswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kwave kuri pamusoro pechirongwa cheUN kubva pakavambwa sangano iri muna 1945. Nhamburiko dzekusimudzira chinangwa ichi dzakambomira mumakore achangopfuura, nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya dzichiisa mari zhinji mukuvandudza mauto adzo enyukireya.
Makore makumi maviri apfuura kubva pakapedzisira kutaurirana chombo chenyukireya chenyika dzakawanda: Chibvumirano cheComprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty cha1996, icho chisati chapinda musimba remutemo nekuda kwekupikisa kwemarudzi mashoma.
Sarudzo yanhasi, inozivikanwa se L.41, inoshanda pakurudziro huru yeUN boka rekushanda pamusoro pezvombo zvenyukireya zvakasangana kuGeneva gore rino kuti zvionekwe zvakanakira zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuwana nyika isina zvombo zvenyukireya.
Izvi zvinoteverawo misangano mikuru mitatu yehurumende inoona nezvekubatsira kwevanhu kwezvombo zvenyukireya, yakaitirwa kuNorway, Mexico neAustria muna 2013 na 2014. Misangano iyi yakabatsira kuvandudza gakava rezvombo zvenyukireya kuti riise pfungwa pakukuvadza kunoita zvombo zvakadaro pavanhu.
Misangano iyi yakagonesawo nyika dzisina zvombo zvenyukireya kuita basa rakasimba munhandare yezvombo. Pakazosvika musangano wechitatu uye wekupedzisira, wakaitwa muVienna muna Zvita 2014, hurumende zhinji dzakanga dzaratidza chido chadzo chekurambidza zvombo zvenyukireya.
Mushure memusangano weVienna, ICAN yakabatsira mukuwana rutsigiro rwechisungo chenyika zana nemakumi maviri nenomwe, chinozivikanwa se vimbiso yevanhu, kuita kuti hurumende dzishande pamwe chete mukuedza “kuita chiseko, kurambidza uye kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya”.
Mukuita uku kwese, vakakuvadzwa nevapukunyukiri vezvombo zvenyukireya, kusanganisira kuedzwa kwenyukireya, vakabatsira zvakanyanya. Setsuko Thurlow, mupukunyuki webhomba reHiroshima uye mutsigiri weICAN, anga ari mutsigiri mukuru wekurambidza.
"Iyi inguva inokosha zvechokwadi pasi rose," akadaro zvichitevera kuvhota kwanhasi. “Kune vedu vakapona pakubhombwa kweatomu kweHiroshima neNagasaki, chiitiko chinofadza zvikuru. Tave nenguva takamirira kuti zuva iri risvike.”
“Zvombo zvenyukireya zvinosemesa chose. Nyika dzese dzinofanirwa kupinda munhaurirano gore rinouya kuti dzidzikwe. Ndinotarisira kuvapo ini pachangu kuti ndiyeuchidze nhume nezvekutambura kusingatsananguriki kunokonzerwa nezvombo zvenyukireya. Ibasa redu tose kuva nechokwadi chokuti kutambura kwakadaro hakuzomboitikizve.”
Pachine zvakawanda kupfuura 15,000 zvombo zvenyukireya munyika nhasi, kunyanya muzvombo zvemarudzi maviri chete: United States neRussia. Dzimwe nyika nomwe dzine zvombo zvenyukireya: Britain, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan neNorth Korea.
Ruzhinji rwenyika pfumbamwe dzine zvombo zvenyukireya dzakavhota dzichipokana nechisungo cheUN. Vazhinji vevabatsiri vavo, kusanganisira avo vari kuEurope vanobata zvombo zvenyukireya munzvimbo yavo sechikamu chehurongwa hweNATO, vakatadzawo kutsigira chirevo.
Asi nyika dzemuAfrica, Latin America, Caribbean, Southeast Asia nePacific dzakavhota zvakawandisa dzichitsigira chisungo ichi, uye vangangove vatambi vakakosha pamusangano wenhaurirano muNew York gore rinouya.
NeMuvhuro, gumi nemashanu vakahwina Mubairo weNobel akakurudzira nyika kutsigira nhaurirano uye kudziunza "kumagumo akakodzera uye akabudirira kuitira kuti tienderere mberi nekukasira kubviswa kwekupedzisira kwekutyisidzira kuripo kuvanhu".
Iyo International Committee yeRed Cross ine zvakare chikumbiro kuhurumende kuti dzitsigire chirongwa ichi, ichitaura musi wa12 Gumiguru kuti nharaunda yepasi rose ine "mukana wakasiyana" wekuwana kurambidzwa kwe "chombo chinoparadza zvakanyanya chakambogadzirwa".
“Chibvumirano ichi hachizobvisi zvombo zvenyukireya kamwe kamwe,” akagumisa kudaro Fihn. "Asi ichagadzira chiyero chitsva chepamutemo chepasirese, chiserura zvombo zvenyukireya uye kumanikidza nyika kuti dzitore matanho nekukurumidza pakubvisa zvombo."
Kunyanya, chibvumirano ichi chichaisa dzvinyiriro huru kunyika dzinoti dziviriro kubva kuzvombo zvenyukireya zvemubatanidzwa kuti dzimise tsika iyi, izvo zvinozoita kuti kumanikidzwa kutorwa kwezvombo kuitwe nenyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya.
