Nyika yeUS Maryland Inobvuma "Kusvibisa Kwakakura" nemauto eUS kuChesapeake Beach

by  Pat Mukuru, Uturu hwemauto, May 18, 2021

Mark Mank, mutauriri weMaryland Dhipatimendi reZvemamiriro ekunze (MDE) akabvuma "kusvibiswa kukuru" kwakakonzerwa nekushandiswa kwemauto kwePFAS kuNaval Research Lab - Chesapeake Bay Detachment muChesapeake Beach, Maryland panguva yeNavy musangano weRAB musi waMay 18, 2021.

Mank akapindura kumubvunzo achibvunza kana paine chero nzvimbo yepanyika ine nhanho dzakakwirira kupfuura iyo 7,950,000 zvikamu patrillion (ppt) yePFOS inowanikwa muvhu muChesapeake Beach. Mank haana kunyatso tsanangura mubvunzo uyu asi akapindura achiti mazinga muChesapeake Beach "akakwiridzwa zvakanyanya." Akataura kuti vagari vane zvikonzero zvekushushikana. “Ticharamba tichitsikirira Navy. Ramba wakatarisana, zvimwe zvichatevera, ”akadaro.

PFAS ndeye-uye poly fluoroalkyl zvinhu. Ivo anoshandiswa mumoto unopisa moto mune yakajairwa kudzidzira moto kudzidzira pachigadziko uye ave achishandiswa panzvimbo iyi kubvira 1968, yakareba kupfuura chero kupi zvako pasi. Iwo makemikari akashatisa zvakanyanya ivhu, mvura yepasi, uye pamusoro pemvura mudunhu. PFAS muhuwandu hudiki kwazvo inosanganisirwa nekusagadzikana kwe "fetus", hutachiona hwehucheche, uye huwandu hwekenza.

Iwo matanho akaudzwa pane chete matatu emakemikari gumi nemasere akaedzwa neNavy. Yakavanzika marabhoritari anowanzo kuyedza makumi matatu nematanhatu eema toxics. Pane zvakawanda zvatisati taziva.

Kuzivikanwa nehurumende kunonzwika kuvimbisa, kunyange rhetoric isingaenderane neyakaipisisa rekodhi reMDC. Kusvika parizvino, iyo MDE uye iyo Maryland Dhipatimendi rehutano ndivo vanga vari varwi vakuru veNavy nekuramba kubvuma kutyisidzira kune hutano hweveruzhinji hunokonzerwa neveNavy vasingasarudze uye nekuenderera mberi nekushandisa kwemakemikari aya pazvigaro zvaro mudunhu. Zvakaitika muMadganisheni zvinoratidza nzira iri kutambiswa iyi nyaya mumatunhu epasirese uko kuwedzera kunetsekana kwevanhu kwakatungamira masangano ehurumende kunongedza hasha dzeveruzhinji kuDOD.

Iyo Navy inorayira mutemo wezvakatipoteredza muMadganis.

Pakutanga kwemusangano, Ryan Mayer, mutauri mukuru weNavy neNaval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) muWashington, akaratidza iyo  kupfupisa masiraidhi. iyo yakaratidza huwandu hwePFAS muvhu, mvura yepasi, uye pamusoro pemvura. Akagunun'una achienda nhamba yesuburface PFAS kukosheswa nekungoti iyo nhamba, asi kwete iko kusangana. Pakutanga masiraidhi emvura airatidza mazinga muzvikamu mutirioni saka zvaive nyore kuti veruzhinji vavhiringike.

Vakati ivhu repasi pevhu rakawanikwa "pa7,950," kunyangwe iye akaregeredza kutaura kuti kuwanda kwevhu kuri muzvikamu zvebhirioni, pane zvikamu kumatirioni. Veruzhinji havana kuziva kuti ainyatso kureva zvikamu mazana manomwe nemazana mapfumbamwe emazana ematani patrillion yePFOS - imwe chete mhando yePFAS mune yepasi pevhu. Mayer haana kuzivisa ppb kana ppt kudzamara David Harris, uyo ane yakasviba 72 acre purazi kumaodzanyemba kwechigadziko, akabvunza zvine mutsindo mukamuri yekutaurirana kuti ajekeswe.

Izvi zvinosvibisa zvakaita sechipanji hombe chine gomarara pasi pevhu icho chinoshambira nekusingaperi kusvibiswa kwevhu, mvura yepasi, uye nemvura yepadenga. Chesapeake Beach inogona kunge iine hombe yepasi pevhu ine gomarara pasi pese. Inogona kuramba ichipa chepfu vanhu kwezviuru zvemakore.

Iyo Navy inofanirwa kushambadzira kuyedza kwese kwayakaita pano, zvese zviri zviviri uye kunze kwenzvimbo, yemakemikari ese anouraya uye kuwanda kwawo. Panguva ino Navy yakaburitsa zvabuda zvemhando nhatu dzePFAS: PFOS, PFOA uye PFBS.  36 marudzi ePFAS inogona kuzivikanwa ichishandisa nzira yekuyedza yeEPA.

Asi Mayer, achichengeta bhuku reNavy renyika yekutamba, akati Navy haizotore maronda chaiwo munharaunda nekuti "makemikari ndiwo ruzivo rwemuridzi wemugadziri." Nekudaro, haisi iyo chete Navy iri kurayira mutemo wezvemamiriro ekunze mudunhu reMadganis. Ndiwo makambani emakemikari anoita mafuro, zvakare.

Iyo Navy inoshandisa Chemguard 3% furo pane dzakawanda kuiswa kwayo, senge Jacksonville NAS iyo yakasvibiswawo zvakanyanya. Iyo Material Safety Data Sheet, iri mukati memushumo weNavy pamusoro pekusvibiswa uko inoti zvigadzirwa zviri furo zvine "proprietary hydrocarbon surfacants" uye "proprietary fluorosurfacants."

Chemguard ari kumhan'arirwa mukati Michigan, Florida,  New York, uye New Hampshire, kutumidza zvinhu zvina zvekutanga zvakabuda mukutsvaga kweGoogle.

Chii chatinoziva kuSouth Maryland?

Isu tinoziva kuti MaNavy akarasa huwandu hwakawanda hwePFAS paWebster Field muSt. Mary's County uye tinogona kunyatsoziva 14 makemikari kubva pane izvo zvakaburitswa.

(Webster Field munguva pfupi yapfuura yakataura 87,000 ppt yePFAS mumvura yepasi zvichienzaniswa ne241,000 ppt kuChesapeake Beach.)

Aya marudzi ePFAS akawanikwa murukova padyo nemahombekombe eWebster Field anongedzerwa yePatuxent Rwizi NAS:

PFOA PFOS PFBS
PFHxA PFHpA PFHxS
PFNA PFDA PFUnA
N-MeFOSAA N-EtFOSAA FFDoA
PFTrDA

Izvo zvese zvinogona kutyisidzira hutano hwevanhu.

apo zvawanikwa dzakaburitswa muna Kukadzi, 2020, mutauriri weMDC akati dai PFAS yaivepo murukova ingangodaro yakabva kuimba yekupisira moto mamaira mashanu kure, kana kurasira ivhu mamaira gumi nerimwe, kwete panzvimbo yepadyo. Mukuru wezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika akakanda kusahadzika pamhedzisiro uye akati MDE yakanga iri mukutanga kwekuongorora kusvibiswa.

Iyo nzira yakatukwa. Ndakave nemvura yangu uye zvekudya zvegungwa zvakaedzwa nesainzi-yepamusoro masayendisiti vachishandisa chiyero chegoridhe cheEPA uye chinhu chose chaidhura, asi zvakangotora mavhiki mashoma.

PFAS makemikari anogona kutikanganisa isu needu asati aberekwa munzira dzakawanda. Zvakaoma. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinogona kukanganisa huremu huchangoberekwa, uye hutano hwekubereka. Zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisa kufema uye nemoyo hutano. Mimwe ine mhedzisiro pahutano hwemudumbu uye mamwe akabatanidzwa nerenal uye hematological matambudziko. Zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwemaziso, vamwe, dermal hutano.

Vazhinji vane chekuita nemuviri endocrine system. Vamwe, sePFBA, inowanikwa muMadganist crabs, vanobatana nevanhu vanofa nekukurumidza kubva kuCOVID. Vamwe vanofamba vachienda mumvura asi vamwe vasingadaro. Vamwe (kunyanya PFOA) vanogara muvhu uye vanosvibisa chikafu chatinodya. Dzimwe dzinogona kukanganisa mwana ari kukura pamatanho madiki, vamwe vangadaro.

Kune mazana masere ezviuru evaurayi vevanhu uye pane kurwa kuri kuitika muCongress neboka diki riri kudaidzira kutonga PFAS yese sekirasi, nepo vazhinji muCongress vachida kudzora imwe panguva, vachibvumira vatsigiri vavo vemakambani kuti vauye nePFAS vanovatsiva mumafomu avo uye zvigadzirwa. (Kana isu tisingashandure maitiro edu ehurumende mushandirapamwe mari, hatisi kuzobudirira kubvisa zvinhu muChesapeake Beach kana chero kumwe kunhu.)

MaNavy haadi kuti mhuri dzivamhan'arire kana shamwari dzavo dzekudyidzana nekumhan'ara kudare kuti imwe mhando yePFAS yakawanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira muropa remudiwa pavakafa nechimwe chirwere. Iyo sainzi irikusanduka kusvika padanho rekuti kuwanikwa kwemamwe mazinga emhando dzakasiyana dzePFAS mumuviri wemurwere kunogona kuteverwa kuPFAS iyo yakabva mukusvibisa kweNavy kwenzvimbo.

MaNavy anofanirwa kuburitsa kwese kuyedza kwavakaita muChesapeake Beach, nenzvimbo pasirese, kubva kuSan Diego kuenda kuOkinawa, uye kubva kuna Diego Garcia kuenda kuRota Naval Station, Spain.

Akiferi Kukurukurirana

Ndichiri kutaura nezvenzvimbo dzakadzika dzekutarisa tsime, slideti yaiburitsa yakaratidza kuverengerwa kwe17.9 ppt yePFOS uye 10 ppt yePFOA pachigadziko chakaunganidzwa 200 '- 300' pazasi pechiso. Iyi ndiyo nhanho iyo vagari vari padyo nechigadziko vanochera yavo tsime mvura. Iwo matanho epasi anodarika miganho yepasi pemvura yePFAS mumatunhu akati wandei.

Asi zvinotonyanya kukosha, maNavy neMDE vanopokana kuti matsime emumba "anotendwa kuti anoongororwa muPiney Point Aquifer," uye kuti iri pazasi peyuniti, "inofungidzirwa kuti inoenderera mberi uye inovhara zvizere."

Zviripachena, hazvisi!

Tinofanira kukumbira mhinduro kubva kuNavy. Wakaedza kupi? Wakawanei? Isu tinofanirwa kukumbira kuti DOD iri pachena uye inotanga kushanda senzvimbo inoremekedzwa munharaunda ine vanhu.

David Harris akati kwaive kurwira kuti maNavy aongorore mvura yake nekuti "Imi varume munoti kusvibiswa kwakaenda kuchamhembe chete." Harris akati PFAS yakawanikwa mutsime rake. Mayer akapindura kuti chivakwa cheHarris "hachina kutanga munzvimbo yekuenzanisira."

Iyo Harris chivakwa chiri 2,500 tsoka kumaodzanyemba kwechigadziko, nepo PFAS inofungidzirwa kuti yakafamba  22 mamaira mune hova  uye nzizi kubva pakuburitswa kwavo kuNavy Air Station-Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove uye Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster muPennsylvania. Hazvigoneki kuti PFAS yaizofamba zvakadaro kuChesapeake Beach nemvura yemvura ichidhonzera mubay, asi 2,500 tsoka iri padyo padyo.

Ruzhinji rwevaridzi vemujenya padyo nechigadziko vanga vasiri mune chero sampling nzvimbo. Ndakataura nevanhu vanogara paKaren Drive kubva paDalrymple Rd., Ingori 1,200 tsoka kubva pagomba rekutsva pachigadziko uye ivo havana chavaiziva nezve PFAS kana kunyatso kuyedzwa. Maitiro anoita Navy zvinhu. Ivo vanongoda kuti iende, asi hazvizoendi kuChesapeake Beach nekuti vanhu vazhinji vemataundi vanozvinzwisisa. Inogona here Chesapeake Gungwa kunge iri Navy's PFAS Waterloo? Ngatitarisirei kudaro.

Peggy Williams weMDC akapindura mibvunzo miviri kubva ku NRL-CBD RAB Chat Kamuri.  “Unoti wawana matsime matatu nePFAS. (1) Ungaita sei nharo kuti PFAS haigone kusvika kune yakadzika aquiferi? (2) MDE haiti here kuti ivhu revhu rinogona kunge risinganyatso kuvharika? Williams akati zvaisaita PFAS inogona kutsvedza ichienda kune yakadzika aquiferi, kunyangwe iyo Navy yakazivisa matsime matatu kubva-pasi nePFAS. David Harris akataura nhanho dzakakwira, uye maNavy akashumawo nhanho munzvimbo dzakadzika dzemvura.

Mayer akapindura mubvunzo uyu maererano nekufamba kwePFAS pakati pemvura zhinji. "Tawana matsvagiridzo mashoma uye vari pazasi peLHA," ndiyo yaive mhinduro yake. Mayer ari kutaura nezveEPA's Lifetime Health Advisory yemhando mbiri chete dzemakemikari: PFOS uye PFOA. Iwo asiri-anosungirwa federal kuraira anoti vanhu havafanirwe kunwa mvura ine inopfuura makumi manomwe ppt yehuwandu hwemakomponi maviri zuva nezuva. Zvakanaka neEPA kana ukanwa mvura ine mamirioni zvikamu muzana trillion yePFHxS, PFHpA, uye PFNA, matatu makemikari anotambudza akati wandei anotonga pasi pe70 ppt.

Vagwinyiriri vehutano hweveruzhinji vari kuyambira kuti hatifanirwe kudya zvinopfuura 1 ppt yemakemikari mumvura yekunwa zuva nezuva.

Murume weNavy akanongedzera pasiraidhi iyo yakapa pfupiso yehurukuro dzakaitwa munharaunda muzhizha ra 2019. MaNavy akabvunzurudza vanhu vapfumbamwe uye chibvumirano chaive chekuchengetedza Bay uye kero matsime asina kudzika. Sezvineiwo, hapana aitaridza kuve nehanya nematsime akadzika ane anenge munhu wese anogara padhuze nepasi. Hapana ainetseka nezvehupfu hwemumvura. Idzi ndidzo nzira mbiri dzinogona kungoburitswa nevanhu kumakemikari aya. Ehe, iyo Navy inonzwisisa izvi zvese.

Kune vanhu vakanaka muNavy uye vemajini mainjiniya emakambani vanonzwisisawo izvi uye vane hanya zvakanyanya. Pane tariro.

PFAS handiyo yega dambudziko rekusvibisa muChesapeake Beach. Iyo Navy yakashandisa uranium, yakapedzwa uranium (DU), uye thorium uye yakaitisa yakakwira velocity DU kukanganisa zvidzidzo muKuvaka 218C uye Kuvaka 227. MaNavy ane nhoroondo refu yekushomeka kwekuchengeta zvinyorwa uye akawira mukati nekunze kwekutevedza Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Iye zvino zvinyorwa zvakaoma kutora. Mvura yepasi pevhu Inosvibisa inosanganisira Antimony, Mutungamiri, Mhangura, Arsenic, Zinc, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, uye 2,6-Dinitrotoluene.

Iyo Navy inoti PFAS haisi kusunungurwa mumhoteredzo muChesapeake Beach.

Mayer akabvunzwa kana PFAS ichiri kuburitswa munharaunda nhasi uye iye akapindura achiti, "Kwete." Vakati mamwe masayiti eNavy akatocheneswa nekuti ivo vari pamberi mukuita. Mayer akati mushure mekunge mafuro ePFAS ashandiswa pachigadziko ivo "vanoendeswa kure-saiti kuti varase zvakanaka."

Izvo zvinoshanda sei chaizvo, VaMayer? Sayenzi yemazuva ano haina kugadzira nzira yekurasa PFAS. Kunyangwe iyo Navy ikaiviga mumarara kana inopisa makemikari, vanozopedzisira vauraya vanhu. Izvo zvinhu zvinotora zvinogara nokusingaperi kupaza uye hazvitsva. Kupisa kunongomwaya chepfu pamusoro pouswa nemapurazi. Iyo chepfu iri kubuda kunze kwechigadziko uye icharamba ichidaro nokusingagumi.

Iyo Navy Support Chiitiko - Bethesda, iyo Naval Academy, iyo Indian Head Surface Warfare Center, uye Pax River vese vatumira midhiya yakasvibiswa nePFAS kuti ipiswe ku Norlite Chirimwa muChoes New York. Vakuru veNavy panguva yePax River RAB mwedzi wapfuura vakaramba kutumira zvinhu zvakashatiswa nePFAS kuti zvisvibiswe.

Iko hakuna rekodhi yeNavy kutumira PFAS chepfu kuti ipiswe kubva kuChesapeake Beach.

Nzvimbo yekurapa yeNavy paChesapeake Beach base inogadzira angangoita gumi matani emvura / gore remarara iro rakaomeswa mumhepo yakavhurika sludge mibhedha. Izvo zvinhu zvinotumirwa kuSolomons Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge Inogamuchira Chiteshi. Kubva ipapo, iyo sludge yakavigwa kuAppeal Landfill muCalvert County.

Nyika inofanirwa kunge ichiedza matsime muKutsvaga uye nekunyatsoongorora inouraya leachate.

Guta reChesapeake Beach rakarapwa marara anoiswa muCheesapeake Bay nenzira yepayipi 30-inch inosvika muBay kusvika kunhanho ingangoita mazana maviri emamita kubva kugungwa regungwa. Yese nzvimbo yemvura yakasviba inogadzira uye inosunungura huturu hwePFAS. Mvura inofanira kuyedzwa.

PFAS ichipinda munzvimbo dzemvura yakasviba kubva kune vekutengesa, vemauto, maindasitiri, marara, uye nzvimbo dzekugara haibviswe pane tsvina, nepo nzvimbo dzese dzekurapa mvura yemarara dzichingofambisa iyo PFAS mumadhaka kana mvura yakasviba.

Bay iri kugashira hunyambiri hwePFAS kusvibiswa muChesapeake Beach. Kunyangwe sludge yeguta yasara ichiendeswa kuKing George Landfill muVirginia, iyo sludge kubva kuPatuxent River NAS inotumirwa kumapurazi akasiyana muCalvert County. Tinofanira kuziva mazita emapurazi iwayo. Ivhu ravo uye zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinofanirwa kutorwa sampuli. Iyo Navy, iyo MDE, uye MDH hazviite chero nguva munguva pfupi. Ive nekuchengera izvo zvaunodya muCalvert County, Maryland.

Chesapeake Beach Councilman Larry Jaworski akati anonzwisisa kuburitswa kubva pachigadziko kwakamira uye akakurudzira kuwedzerwa kuyedzwa. Zvakanaka kunzwa kudaidzwa kwekuyedzwa, kunyangwe isu tisingakwanise kuvimba nechikwata cheHogan / Grumbles kuti chiite nemazvo, tichifunga nezve fiasco yemufambisi oyster kudzidza mugore rekupedzisira raSt. Mr. Jaworski vangangodaro vakanzwa kuburitswa kwePFAS kubva pachigadziko kwakamira, asi zvinyorwa zvinoratidza zvimwe. Iine mamirioni masere ezviuru pamatirioni mazhinji ePFOS muvhu repasi pevhu, vanhu vanogara mumahombekombe aya vanogona kunge vari kubata neichi chepfu kwemakore chiuru.

Hove / Oysters / Makungu

Mayer akati iyo MDE yekuyedza oyster kudzidza kweSt.Rwizi Rwizi yakaratidza kuti maoyster aive pazasi enhanho dzePFAS. Hurumende yakashandisa nzira yekuyedza iyo yaingotora matanho ari pamusoro pezvikamu pamabhirioni uye ichingosarudza mamwe makemikari ekuzivisa. Ivo zvakare vakashandisa iyo inoshoreka femu. Kuzvimiririra kuyedza uchishandisa iyo EPA yegoridhe nzira yakajairwa yakaratidza PFAS mune maoyster ane 2,070 ppt, isingakurudzirwe kudyiwa nevanhu.

MuUnited States of America, kusiyana nenyika zhinji, zviri kune mumwe nemumwe wedu kudzora huwandu hwePFAS inopinda mumiviri yedu. Kudya hove dzegungwa dzakabatwa kubva kune yakasviba mvura uye nekunwa isina kurapwa mvura yemvura ndiyo nzira dzekutanga dzatinoshandisa chepfu.

Iyo Navy yakaburitsa data inoratidza 5,464 ppt mumvura yepamusoro ichisiya hwaro. (PFOS - 4,960, 453 ppt., PFOA - 51 ppt., PFBS - XNUMX ppt.). Imwe trout yakabatwa padyo neLoring AFB yaive nezvikamu zvinodarika miriyoni patirioni imwe yePFAS yakabatwa kubva mumvura ine zviyero zvakaderera pane iwo matanho anodururwa kubva pachigadziko muChesapeake Beach.

Nyika yeWisconsin inoti hutano hweveruzhinji hunotyisidzirwa apo PFAS misoro 2 ppt mumvura yepamusoro nekuda kwenzira yekuwedzera.

Iwo ezvematongerwo enyika PFAS mazinga muChesapeake Beach pamusoro pemvura anogona kutarisirwa kuti bioaccumulate muhove nemitemo yakawanda yehukuru, nepo PFOS iriyo inonyanya kunetsa mune izvi. Dzimwe hove padhuze nemakomba anopisa emakesi emauto ane gumi mamirioni ezvikamu pamatirioni ehumwe hupfu.

Mark Mank akati MDE inoziva nezvekuwedzera. Akawedzera kuti nzira dzemitemo maererano nekuongororwa kwehove dzakaoma. Vakati, "Izvi zvinosuwisa nharaunda ino ine hutachiona hukuru." Nyika yeMichigan yakaburitsa bvunzo dzePFAS ye 2,841 hove uye avhareji hove yaive ne93,000 ppt yePFOS chete, nepo nyika ichiganhurira PFOS mumvura yekunwa ku16 ppt.

Jenny Herman ane MDE akati anga asingazive nezvehove hombe kuChesapeake Beach. Zvinoshamisira, nekuti iyo MDE ingave iri dhipatimendi muhurumende yenyika kudaidzira chidzidzo chakadai. Vati nyika iri kuyedza nyama yehove uye mhedzisiro iyi inogona kunge yakagadzirira muna Chikunguru. Mark Mank akatiwo MDE iri kutarisa hove. "Kwete pamberi penzvimbo ino, asi dzimwe nzvimbo." Gare gare muchirongwa, Williams akati MDE ichaedza hove muChesapeake Beach mukudonha kwa2021. Tinovimba, MDE haizoshevedze Alpha Analytical kuti iite kuyedza kwavo zvakare. Alpha Analytical yakaburitsa oyster mutyairi oyster kudzidza. Vakanga vari faindi ye $ 700,000 yezvinyorwa zvisina kufanira zvakashata muMassachusetts.

David Harris akabvunza nezvenyama yenyama yemhara uye neveMDE vaJenny Herman vakapindura kuti MDE "ichiri mhando yekutanga." Michigan yanga iri pairi kwemakore mazhinji. Pamwe MDE yaigona kuvafonera. Mauto Emuchadenga ane nyama yakasviba yemhara kusvika pakudya kwave kurambidzwa munzvimbo. Mayer akati hapana nzira yeEPA uye kuti marabhoritari ekuyedza akasiyana ese. Ichokwadi ruzha zvakaoma.

Peggy Williams ane MDE akawedzera kuti PFAS inowanzo kuwanikwa mumhasuru yenondo, semakungu, akatsanangura, iyo PFAS iri mumasitadhi. Kunyangwe anga achireva kuti zvakanaka kudya makamba nekuti izvo chepfu zvakavharirwa mumasitadhi, ichi chaive chiitiko nekuti chakaratidza kekutanga mukuru weMDC akabvuma kuvapo kwePFAS mumakara. Ndakaedza crab ndikawana 6,650 ppt yePFAS mumashure. Iko katatu kusungwa kwePFAS mumayster, asi chingori chetatu chematanho ari mudombo rezasi zasi kuno kuSt Mary's County.

Williams akaudza Rwizi rwePatuxent NAS RAB mavhiki maviri apfuura kuti kusvibiswa kwenondo kwaisava nyaya muSt. Ehe, vanoita.

Ben Grumbles, munyori weMadganist Dhipatimendi reZvakatipoteredza, anonzi oyster - 2,070 ppt, crab - 6,650 ppt, uye rockfish - 23,100 ppt kuwanda kwePFAS  ”Zvinonetsa.” Tichaona kana zvichinetsa zvakakwana kuti nyika itore matanho ekudzivirira hutano hweveruzhinji.

Vakadzi vane nhumbu kana vanogona kutora nhumbu havafanirwe kudya chikafu kana mvura ine PFAS.