US Sanctions: Economic Sabotage Iyo Inouraya, Isiri Mhosva, uye Isingabatsiri

Kunyange zvazvo chakavanzika chekuti ndiani anokonzera kuparadza mabhazi maviri muGulf of Oman ichigere kusina kuongororwa, zviri pachena kuti Trump hurumende yave ichitsvaga kutengesa mafuta kweIranani kubvira muna May 2, apo yakashuma chinangwa che "inounza mairi eIrirea ezvo kutengeswa kwemafuta kusvika zero, kuramba hurumende iyo inonyanya kukosha mari."Kutama kwacho kwaiitwa kuChina, India, Japan, South Korea neTurkey, marudzi ose anotenga mafuta eIranani uye zvino anotarisana nekutyisidzira kweUnited States kana vachiramba vachidaro. Hondo yeUnited States inogona kunge isingave yakakonzera matanho anotakura mitambo yeIranian, asi zviito zvayo zvine maitiro akafanana uye zvinofanira kuonekwa sezviito zvemagandanga emari.

Iyo Trump inotarisira iri kuitawo mafuta makuru heist kuburikidza nekubata $ 7 biliyoni muAprivia mafuta–Kuchengetedza hurumende yeMaduro kuti iwane mukana kune yayo mari. Sekureva kwaJohn Bolton, zvirango kuVenezuela zvinokanganisa madhora11 mabhiriyoni akakodzera yemafuta anotengeswa kunze kwenyika mu2019.Trump manejimendi inotyisidzirawo makambani anotakura anotakura mafuta eVenzuelan. Makambani maviri – imwe yakavakirwa muLiberia uye imwe iri kuGirisi – vakatorohwa kare nezvirango zvekutumira mafuta eVenzuelan kuCuba. Hapana maburi ekuputsika muzvikepe zvavo, asi hupfumi hwenyika zvakadaro.

Pasinei neIran, Venezuela, Cuba, North Korea kana imwe yei Nyika dze20 pasi pebato reUnited States, chirongwa cheTrump chinoshandisa uwandu hwayo hwezvehupfumi kuedza kutonga shanduko yehurumende kana kuchinja kukuru kwematongerwo enyika munyika dzakapoteredza.

Kufa

Zvirango zveUS kurwisa Iran zvine hutsinye. Kunyangwe ivo vakatadza zvachose kusimudzira hutongi hweUS shanduko yezvinangwa, vakonzera kusawirirana kuri kukura nevanotengesa navo veUS kupota pasirese uye vakonzeresa kurwadziwa kune vanhuwo zvavo veIran. Kunyangwe chikafu nemishonga zviri zvehunyanzvi zvisingabvisirwe masanctions, US inorambidza mabhangi eIran kufanana neParsian Bank, yebhanji guru rehurumende risina hurumende, rinoita kuti zvive zvisingakwanisi kugadzirisa mari yezvinhu zvakatengeswa, uye izvi zvinosanganisira zvokudya nemishonga. Kurasikirwa kwemishonga kunokonzera kuti zviuru zvekufa zvinodzivirirwa muIrish, uye avo vanoparadzwa vachava vanhu vanoshanda vese, kwete Ayatollahs kana hurumende vehurumende.

Nhau dzeUnited States dzekuAmerica dzakanyatsopindira mukufungidzira kuti zvigadziro zveUnited States zvisiri zvechisimba chekushandisa kudzvinyirira hurumende dzinotarirwa kuitira kuti iomanikidze hurumende yehurumende inoshanduka. US inoshuva kazhinji inotaura nezvekuvadza kwavo kune vanhuwo zvavo, pane kupomera mhosva dzinokonzerwa nehupfumi chete kune hurumende dziri kutarirwa.

Nzira inouraya yezvisungo zvinonyanya kujeka muVenezuela, apo zvikanganiso zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinoparadza zvakaderedza hupfumi huri kutonhorera kubva pakudonha kwemafuta emafuta, kushorwa kupesana, huori nehuipi hurumende mitemo. Mushumo wegore wegore wekufa muVenezuela mu2018 ne three Venezuelan vunivhesiti vakawana kuti masanctions eUS ainyanya kukonzera kufa kwevanhu zviuru makumi mana pagore. Venezuela Pharmaceutical Association yakashuma 40,000% yekushomeka kwemishonga yakakosha mu85.

Masanctions asipo eUS, iyo rebound mumitengo yepasi rose yemafuta mu2018 yaifanirwa kunge yakatungamira kune ingangoita diki rebound muhupfumi hweVenezuela uye kutengwa kwakakwana kwezvikafu nemishonga. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvirango zvemari yeUS zvakatadzisa Venezuela kubvarura zvikwereti zvayo uye ikanyima indasitiri yemafuta yemari yezvikamu, kugadzirisa uye kudyara nyowani, zvichikonzera kudonha kwakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemafuta kupfuura mumakore apfuura emitengo yakaderera yemafuta uye kushushikana kwehupfumi. Indasitiri yemafuta inopa 95% yemari yekunze yeVenezuela, nekudaro nekudzipura indasitiri yemafuta uye nekucheka Venezuela kubva mukukwereta kwepasirese, zvirango zvakafanofungidzira - uye nemaune - zvakateya vanhu veVenezuela mukufa kwehupfumi kwakaderera.

Chidzidzo chaJeffrey Sachs naMark Weisbrot weCent for Economic and Policy Research, rakanyorwa "Kusarudzwa seKurangarirwa Kwevanhu: Chikamu cheVenezuela," yakashuma kuti kuwirirana kweiyo 2017 uye 2019 US zvigadziro zvinotungamirirwa kuendesa kunoshamisa kweC37.4% kuderera muGDP chaiyo yeVenezuela mu2019, pane zvitsotsi zve 16.7% inoderera mu2018 uye kupfuura 60% inodonha mumanani emafuta pakati pe2012 ne2016.

MuNorth Korea, vazhinji makumi emakore emitemo, pamwe nemakore akawanda ekusanaya kwemvura, vakasiya mamiriyoni evanhu vane 25 mamiriyoni evanhu vasina kudya uye varombo. Rural areas in particular vanosha mushonga uye mvura yakachena. Kunyange zvikanganiso zvakanyanyisa zvakapiwa muZ2018 zvakarambidzwa zvikuru zvekutengeswa kwenyika, kuderedza hurumende kubhadhara zvokudya zvekunze kutengesa kushayikwa.

Haisi pamutemo 

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukanganisa zveUnited States ndezvekusununguka kwazvo. IU.S. inokwidza mabhizinesi enyika yechitatu uye zvikwereti zve "kuputsa" zvigaro zveUS. Apo US ichishaya chimwe chikamu chenyukireya uye mvumo yakatemwa, US Treasury Department vanozvikudza kuti muzuva rimwe chete, November 5, 2018, inorayirwa kupfuura vanhu vane 700, masangano, ndege, nemidziyo yebhizimisi neIran. NezveVenezuela, Reuters yakashuma kuti muna March 2019 Dhipatimendi reHurumende "rairaira dzimba dzekutengesa mafuta uye kunatsiridza pasi pose kuti uwedzere kudyidzana neVenezuela kana kutarisana nemisungo ivo pachavo, kunyange kana mabhizimisi akaitwa haabvumirwi nechisarudzo chekuAmerica."

Imbizi yemafuta inogunun'una kuReuters, "Izvi ndizvo zvakaitwa neUnited States mazuva ano. Vakanyora mitemo, uye zvino vanokudana iwe kuti utsanangure kuti kunewo mitemo isina kunyorwa yavanoda kuti iwe uite. "

Vakuru vakuru vekuUnited States vanoti matanho achabatsira vanhu veVenezuela neIran kuburikidza nekuvakurudzira kuti vasimuke uye kuparadza hurumende dzavo. Kubvira kushandiswa kwemauto ehondo, kukanda uye kuvhara kwekuita kuparadza hurumende dzekunze chiitiko chinopupurirwa muAfghanistan, Iraq, Haiti, Somalia, Honduras, Libya, Siria, Ukraine neYemen, pfungwa yekushandisa nzvimbo yakakwirira yeU.S. uye idhora mumisika yezvemari yepasi rose sechimiro che "simba shoma" kuitira "kuchinja kwehurumende" inogona kukanganisa vatevedzeri veSUS senzira iri nyore yokumanikidzira kutengesa kuhondo-inonetsa yevanhu veUnited States nevasina kushamwaridzana.

Asi kuchinja kubva "kutyisidzika uye kutya" kwekuputika kwepanyika uye basa remasoja kune vanouraya vasina kuparara zvirwere zvinodzivirirwa, kusagadzikana uye hurombo zvakanyanyisa hazvibviri nehutano hwevanhu, uye hazvisi zvepamutemo kudarika kushandiswa kwemauto ehurumende pasi pemutemo wevanhu vemarudzi ose.

Denis Halliday akanga ari Munyori Mukuru weUnited Nations uyo akashanda semubatanidzwa weHumanist Coordinator muIraq uye akasarudza kubva kuUnited States pamusana pekutongwa kwechisimba kweIraq mu1998.

"Zvirango zvinonzwisisika, pazvinoiswa neUN Security Council kana neHurumende kune nyika yakazvimiririra, inzira yehondo, chombo chisina tsarukano chinoranga vanhu vasina mhosva," akadaro Denis Halliday. "Kana vakawedzeredzwa nemaune apo zvinokonzeresa zvinokuvadza zvazivikanwa, zvirango zvinogona kutorwa sekuuraya vanhu. Mumiriri weUS Madeleine Albright paakataura nezveCBS 'Makumi matanhatu Emaminetsi' muna1996 kuti kuuraya vana mazana mashanu ezviuru vekuIraq kuyedza kudzikisira Saddam Hussein 'zvainge zvakakodzera,' kuenderera mberi kwezvirango zveUN zvakanangana neIraq kwakazadzisa tsananguro yekuuraya rudzi. "

Nhasi, vaviri veUnited Rapporteur Special akagadzwa neUN Human Rights Council vane masimba akazvimiririra vane hunyanzvi pamusoro pekukanganisa uye zvisiri pamutemo kwezvirango zveUS kuVenezuela, uye mhedzisiro yavo inoshanda zvakafanana kuIran. Alfred De Zayas akashanyira Venezuela nguva pfupi yapfuura kumiswa kwezvirango zvemari muUS muna 2017 ndokunyora mushumo wakakura wezvaakawana ipapo. Akawana zvakakosha nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu kweVenezuela pamafuta, hutongi husina kunaka nehuwori, asi akashorawo zvikuru masanctions eUS uye "hondo yehupfumi."

"Zvirango zvemazuva ano zvehupfumi pamwe nekuvharidzirwa zvakaenzana nekukombwa kwemazana emakore," De Zayas akanyora. "Zvirango zana ramakumi maviri nemakore zvinoedza kuunza kwete chete taundi, asi nyika dzakazvimiririra kusvika pamabvi." Chirevo chaDe Zayas chakakurudzira kuti International Criminal Court inofanirwa kuongorora zvirango zveUS kurwisa Venezuela semhosva inopomerwa vanhu.

Mutevedzeri wechipiri UN Special Rapporteur, Idriss Jazairy, akabudiswa mushoko rakasimba Mukupindura kwakakundikana US-yakatsigira coup muVenezuela muna Ndira. Akashora "kumanikidza" nemasimba ekunze se "kutyora tsika dzese dzemutemo wepasi rose." "Zvirango zvinogona kukonzera kufa nenzara nekushomeka kwekurapa haisiyo mhinduro kumatambudziko ari muVenezuela," akadaro Jazairy, "… kukanganisa dambudziko rezvehupfumi nerevanhu… haisi hwaro hwekugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwemakakatanwa."

Zvisarudzo zvinoputsawo Chitsauko 19 che Sangano reHurumende yeAmerica States, iyo zvinorambidza zvakajeka kupindira "chero chikonzero chero chipi zvacho, mune zvemukati kana zvekunze zveimwe nyika." Inowedzera kuti "inorambidza kwete chete mauto ane zvombo asiwo chero imwe nzira yekuvhiringidza kana kuyedza kutyisidzira hunhu hweHurumende kana nezvematongerwo enyika, hupfumi, uye tsika."

Chinyorwa 20 cheGwaro reOAS rinonyatsoshanda: "Hapana Hurumende inogona kushandisa kana kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemaitiro ezvematongerwe enyika kana zvematongerwe enyika kuitira kuti iomanikidze humwe humwe hurumende yeHurumende uye inowana kubva kune iyo inobatsira chero ipi zvayo."

Panyaya yemutemo weUS, zvirango zvese zva2017 na2019 kuVenezuela zvinoenderana nezviziviso zvemutungamiri wenyika zvisina kutsigirwa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu muVenezuela akagadzira inonzi "emergency yenyika" muUnited States. Dai matare emubatanidzwa eUS anga asingatyi kuita kuti bazi revatongi vazvidavirire pazvinhu zvemitemo yekunze, izvi zvinogona kupikiswa uye zvingangodzingwa nedare remubatanidzwa nekukurumidza uye nyore kupfuura zvakafanana nyaya ye "nyika yechimbichimbi" pane muganhu weMexico, iyo inenge yakasanganiswa neUnited States.

Ineffective

Pane chimwe chikonzero chakakosha chekuchengetedza vanhu veIran, Venezuela nedzimwe nyika dzakatarirwa kubva kune zvinokonzera zvakaipa uye zvisiri pamutemo zvezvikwereti zvehupfumi zveUnited States: hazvishandi.

Makumi makumi maviri akapfuura, sezvakaipa zvezvemari zvakaderedza GDP yeIraq ne 48% pamusoro peCNUMX makore uye zvidzidzo zvakakomba zvakaratidza maitiro avo ehupfumi hwevanhu, vakaramba vachibvisa hurumende yeSaddam Hussein kubva pasimba. Vachipiri Vachibatsiri veUnited States, VaDenis Halliday naHans Von Sponeck, vakasiya basa ravo mukupikisa kubva kumahofisi makuru kuUnzvimbo panzvimbo yekusimbisa izvi zvigaro zvekuuraya.

Muna 1997, Robert Pape, aimbova purofesa paDartmouth College, akaedza kugadzirisa mibvunzo yakakosha pamusoro pekushandiswa kwezvirango zvehupfumi kuzadzikisa shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika mune dzimwe nyika nekuunganidza uye kuongorora nhoroondo yezvakaitika pamatare zana negumi nemashanu apo izvi zvakaedzwa pakati pa115 na 1914. Mukudzidza kwake, yakanzi "Nei Kusarudzwa Kwemari Kwemari Kusingaitik, "akagumisa kuti zvikwanganiso zvave zvichinyatsobudirira mu 5 kunze kwemhosva dze 115.

Pape zvakare yakaita mubvunzo unokosha uye unogumbura: "Kana zvikwereti zvezvemari zvisingasviki zvinobudirira, nei zvichinzi zvinoramba zvichiri kushandisa?"

Akaratidza mhinduro mitatu inogona kuitika:

• "Vagadziri vezvisarudzo vanoita kuti zvirango zvigadziriswe zvinongoratidzira hutarisiro hwekumanikidzira kubudirira kwezvisungo."
• "Vatungamiri vachifunga nezvekupedzisira kusamanikidza vanowanzotarisira kuti zvikwanganiso zvinotanga kutanga zvichaita kuti kuvimbiswa kwemashure ehondo kunotevera."
• "Kunyora zviyeuchidzo kazhinji kunoita kuti vatungamiri vezvematongerwe enyika vabatsirwe mune zvematongerwe enyika pane kunoramba kutumira zvirevo kana kushandura."

Isu tinofunga kuti mhinduro ingangove mubatanidzwa we "zvese zviri pamusoro." Asi isu tinotenda zvakasimba kuti hapana mubatanidzwa weizvi kana chero chimwe chikonzero chinga rondedzere kuuraya kwevanhu mutengo wezvematongerwo enyika muIraq, North Korea, Iran, Venezuela kana chero kumwe kunhu.

Kunyange zvazvo nyika inoshora kurwisa kwechangobva kuitika pamagetsi emafuta uye ichiedza kuziva mhosva, nyika inoshorwa inofanirawo kuisa pfungwa kune nyika ine mhosva yekuuraya, kusina mvumo uye kusagadzirisa hondo yezvehupfumi pamwoyo wedambudziko iri: United States.