Vana muAfghanistan - Mufananidzo wechikwereti: cdn.pixabay.com
NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, March 25, 2021
Musi waKurume 18, nyika yakabatwa kune iyo chiitiko Secretary of State weUnited States, Antony Blinken, achidzidzisa zvakaomarara vakuru veChina nezve kudiwa kweChina kuti iremekedze "mutemo-wakatarwa." Iyo imwe nzira, Blinken akanyeverwa, inyika inogona kururamisa, uye "ingave iri nyika ine chisimba uye isina kugadzikana kwatiri tese."
Blinken ainyatso kutaura kubva pane zvakaitika. Sezvo United States yakapa ne UN Charter uye kutonga kwemutemo wepasi rose kupinda muKosovo, Afghanistan neIraq, uye akashandisa mauto nemauto economic sanctions kupesana nedzimwe nyika zhinji, zvanyatsoita kuti pasi riwedzere kuuraya, chisimba uye mhirizhonga.
Apo UN Security Council yakaramba kupa chikomborero chayo kuUS kurwisa Iraq mu2003, President Bush vakatyisidzira UN pachena "Kusakosha." Akazogadza John Bolton semumiriri weUN, murume ane mukurumbira kamwe akati kuti, kana chivakwa cheUN muNew York "chikarasikirwa nenhau gumi, hazvaizoita mutsauko."
Asi mushure memakumi maviri emakore eUnited States mutemo wezvekunze umo United States yakarongeka nekutyora mutemo wepasi rose, ichisiya kufa kwakapararira, mhirizhonga nemhirizhonga zvichitevera, mutemo wezvekunze weUS ungazopedzisira wave kuuya kuzere, kunyanya mune Afghanistan. .
Secretary Blinken atora danho raimbove risingafungidzike rekudaidzira kuUnited Nations kuti tungamira hurukuro yekumisa moto uye shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika muAfghanistan, ichisiya humambo hweUS semurevereri ari pakati pehurumende yeKabul neTaliban.
Saka, mushure memakore makumi maviri ehondo nekusateerera mutemo, United States pakupedzisira yakagadzirira here kupa iyo "mitemo-yakavakirwa kurongeka" mukana wekukunda pamusoro peUS unilateralism uye "inogona kuita zvakanaka," pane kungoishandisa sechirevo chekutaura kurwisa vavengi varo?
Biden naBlinken vanoita kunge vakasarudza Hondo yeAmerica isingagumi muAfghanistan semuedzo, kunyangwe ivo vachiramba kubatana chibvumirano chenyukireya chaObama neIran, vanoshingairira kuchengetedza iro US bato repakati semurevereri pakati peIsrael nePalestine, chengetedza zvirango zvehupfumi zveTrump, uye kuenderera kweAmerica kutyora kwakarongeka kwemutemo wepasi rese uchipesana nedzimwe nyika zhinji.
Chii chiri kuitika muAfghanistan?
MunaFebruary 2020, manejimendi eTrump akasaina chibvumirano pamwe neTaliban kubvisa zvizere mauto eU.S.NATO kubva kuAfghanistan muna Chivabvu 1, 2021.
VaTaliban vakanga varamba kutaurirana nehurumende inotsigirwa neUS kuKabul kudzamara chibvumirano chekubvisa cheUS neNATO chasainwa, asi kana izvi zvaitwa, mativi eAfghan akatanga hurukuro dzerunyararo munaKurume 2020. Panzvimbo pekubvuma kumisa zvachose kurwisa panguva dzehurukuro. , sezvaidikanwa nehurumende yeUS, vaTaliban vakangobvuma kune "kudzikiswa kwemhirizhonga" kwevhiki rimwe chete.
Mazuva gumi nerimwe gare gare, apo kurwa kwakaenderera mberi pakati peTaliban nehurumende yeKabul, United States zvisiri izvo kuti maTaliban aityora chibvumirano chaakasaina neUnited States uye akatangazve icho bhomba mushandirapamwe.
Kunyangwe paine kurwa, hurumende yeKabul neTaliban vakakwanisa kuchinjanisa vasungwa uye kuenderera mberi nekutaurirana muQatar, yakarevererwa nemumiriri weUS Zalmay Khalilzad, uyo akange ataura chibvumirano chekubvisa cheUS neTaliban. Asi hurukuro dzakaita kunonoka kufambira mberi, uye ikozvino zvinoita kunge dzakasvika pakunetsa.
Kuuya kwechirimo muAfghanistan kazhinji kunounza kuwedzera muhondo. Pasina kumisa kutsva kwemoto, chitubu chinogumbura chingangotungamira kune mamwe matunhu eTaliban-ayo atove controls ingangoita hafu yeAfghanistan.
Iyi tarisiro, inosanganiswa neyeMay 1 yekudzora nguva yekupedzisira yeakasara 3,500 US uye mamwe zviuru zvinomwe zvemauto eNATO, zvakaita kuti kukokwa kwaBlinken kuUnited Nations kutungamire runyararo rwenyika dzese rwunosanganisira India, Pakistan nevavengi vetsika dzeUnited States, China, Russia uye, zvakanyanya kushamisa, Iran.
Maitiro aya akatanga ne musangano paAfghanistan muMoscow muna Kurume 18-19, iyo yakaunza nhume gumi nenhanhatu kubva kuUS-yakatsigira hurumende yeAfghan muKabul nevatauri kubva kuTaliban, pamwe nemumiriri weUS Khalilzad nevamiriri vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Musangano weMoscow akaisa hwaro kune yakakura Musangano unotungamirwa neUN ichaitirwa muIstanbul muna Kubvumbi kuronga hurongwa hwekumisa moto, shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika uye chibvumirano chekugovana masimba pakati pehurumende inotsigirwa neUS neTaliban
Secretary-General weUN, Antonio Guterres akagadza Jean Arnault kutungamira kutaurirana kweUN. Arnault yakambotaurirana nezvekuguma kune iyo Guatemalan Hondo Yenyika muna 1990s uye chibvumirano cherunyararo pakati pehurumende neFARC muColombia, uye aive mumiririri weSecretary-General muBolivia kubva pa 2019 coup kusvikira sarudzo nyowani yaitwa muna 2020. Arnault anozivawo Afghanistan, achinge ashandira UN Assistance Mission kuenda kuAfghanistan kubva 2002 kusvika 2006 .
Kana musangano weIstanbul ukabuda muchibvumirano pakati pehurumende yeKabul neTaliban, mauto eUS anogona kunge ari kumba imwe nguva mumwedzi iri kuuya.
Mutungamiri Trump - achiedza zvine mutsindo kuita zvakanaka pachivimbiso chake chekugumisa hondo iyoyo isingaperi- anofanirwa kurumbidzwa nekutangisa kubviswa kwakazara kwemauto eUS kubva kuAfghanistan. Asi kubvisa pasina chirongwa chakazara cherunyararo kwaisazopedza hondo. Maitiro erunyararo anotungamirwa neUN anofanirwa kupa vanhu veAfghanistan mukana uri nani kwazvo weramangwana rerunyararo pane kana mauto eUS akasara nemativi maviri achiri muhondo, uye kudzikisa mikana yekuti Zvakawanwa yakaitwa nevakadzi pamusoro pemakore ano icharasika.
Zvakatora makore gumi nemanomwe ehondo kuunza United States patafura yekutaurirana uye mamwe makore maviri nehafu isati yagadzirira kudzokera kumashure uye rega UN itungamire munhaurirano dzerunyararo.
Kwenguva zhinji yenguva ino, iyo US yakaedza kuchengetedza kunyepedzera kuti inogona kuzokunda maTaliban uye "kukunda" hondo. Asi zvinyorwa zvemukati zveUS zvakaburitswa na WikiLeaks uye rwizi rwe mishumo uye kuferefeta yakaratidza kuti vatungamiriri vemauto nevematongerwo enyika veUS vakaziva kwenguva yakareba kuti havagone kukunda. Seizvo General Stanley McChrystal akazviisa, zvakanakisa zvaigona kuitwa nemauto eUS muAfghanistan kwaive "Muddle pamwe chete."
Izvo zvaireva mukuita kwaive kudonha makumi ezviuru yemabhomba, zuva nezuva, gore negore, uye kuitisa zviuru zvehusiku zvehusiku izvo, kazhinji kazhinji kwete, kuurawa, kuremadzwa kana kuvharirwa zvisina mhosva vanhuwo zvavo vasina mhosva.
Kufa kwevanhu muAfghanistan kuri tsva. Vazhinji veUS eirstrikes uye kurwisa usiku inoitika munzvimbo dziri kure, dzemakomo uko vanhu vasina hukama nehofisi yekodzero dzevanhu yeUN muKabul inoongorora mishumo yevakaurayiwa nevanhu.
Fiona Frazer, mukuru wekodzero dzevanhu weUN muAfghanistan, akabvuma kuBritish muna2019 kuti “… vanhuwo zvavo vanourawa kana kukuvadzwa muAfghanistan nekuda kwehondo dzakapfuura dzimwe nzvimbo dzePasi… .Zvinoburitswa izvi hazvinyatso kuratidza huwandu hwechokwadi hwekukuvara. . ”
Hapana chidzidzo chakakomba chekufa chakamboitwa kubva panguva yakapinda nyika yeUS muna 2001. Kutanga huwandu hwakazara hwemutengo wevanhu muhondo iyi kunofanirwa kuve chikamu chakakosha chebasa remumiriri weUN Arnault, uye hatifanirwe kushamisika kana, senge Chokwadi Commission akatarisa kuGuatemala, inoratidza huwandu hwekufa hunokwana kagumi kana makumi maviri zvakapetwa pane zvatakaudzwa.
Kana danho raBlinken rezvematongerwo enyika rikabudirira kutyora danho rinouraya rekuti "muddling along," uye rounza rugare rwakati kuAfghanistan, izvo zvinomisikidza muenzaniso uye imwe nzira yemhando kune mhirizhonga inoita kunge isingaperi uye mhirizhonga dzehondo dzeAmerica dzapfuura-9/11 mune dzimwe nyika.
United States yakashandisa mauto nemauto kurwisa kuparadza, kupatsanura kana kuranga runyorwa rwenyika dzese dziri kutenderera pasirese, asi haisisina simba rekukunda, kudzikamisa nekubatanidza nyika idzi muhumambo hwaro hwekoloniyalisiti, yakaita pakakwirira kwesimba rayo mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Kukundwa kweAmerica muVietnam kwaive shanduko yenhoroondo: kupera kwezera rehumambo hweWestern mauto.
United States yese inogona kubudirira munyika dzayiri kugara kana kukomba nhasi ndeyekuvachengeta mumatunhu akasiyanasiyana ehurombo, mhirizhonga nemhirizhonga - zvakaputsika zvidimbu zvehumambo zvakasara muzana ramakumi maviri nerimwe ramakore.
Simba remauto eUS uye zvirango zvehupfumi zvinogona kumbodzivirira nyika dzine bhomba kana hurombo kubva mukuwanazve humambo hwavo kana kubatsirwa nemapurojekiti eChina anotungamirwa senge Bhanhire uye Road Initiative, asi vatungamiriri veAmerica havana imwe nzira yekuvandudza yekuvapa.
Vanhu veIran, Cuba, North Korea neVenezuela vanongotarisa kuAfghanistan, Iraq, Haiti, Libya kana Somalia kuti vaone kuti piper pied yekuchinja kwehurumende yeAmerica ingavatungamira kupi.
Izvi zvese ndezvei?
Hunhu hwakatarisana nematambudziko akakomba muzana rino ramakore, kubva ku kutsakatika kwakawanda yezvakasikwa nyika kune kuparadzwa yemamiriro ekunze anosimbisa hupenyu anga ari iwo mamiriro akakosha enhoroondo yevanhu, apo makore ewahwa hwenyukireya achiri kutyisidzira isu tose nebudiriro-inogumisa kuparadzwa.
Ichi chiratidzo chetariro chekuti Biden naBlinken vari kutendeukira kune kodzero, yekudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda munyaya yeAfghanistan, kunyangwe dai chete nekuti, mushure memakore makumi maviri ehondo, ivo pakupedzisira vanoona kudyidzana senzira yekupedzisira.
Asi runyararo, kudyidzana uye mutemo wepasi rose haufanire kunge iri sarudzo yekupedzisira, kuyedzwa chete kana maDemocrat nemaRepublicans zvakafanana vamanikidzwa kubvuma kuti hapana nyowani yechisimba kana yekumanikidza ichashanda. Uyewo havafanirwe kunge iri nzira yekufungidzira yevatungamiriri veAmerica yekugeza maoko avo padambudziko reminzwa voipa sechikapu chine chepfu kune vamwe kuti vanwe.
Kana iyo-inotungamirwa nerunyararo inotungamirwa neUN Munyori Blinken atanga kubudirira uye mauto eUS apedzisira adzoka kumba, maAmerican havafanirwe kukanganwa nezveAfghanistan mumwedzi uye makore anotevera. Tinofanira kucherechedza zvinoitika ipapo uye kudzidza kubva pazviri. Uye isu tinofanirwa kutsigira nerupo zvipo zveUS kune rubatsiro nerubatsiro izvo vanhu vekuAfghanistan vachazoda kwemakore mazhinji anouya.
Aya ndiwo maitiro epasi rese "mitemo-yakavakirwa system," iyo vatungamiriri veUS vanofarira kutaura nezvayo asi vachigara vachityora, inofanirwa kushanda, neUN ichizadzisa basa rayo rekuita runyararo uye nyika imwe neimwe kukunda misiyano yavo kuitsigira.
Zvichida kubatana pamusoro peAfghanistan kunogona kutova nhanho yekutanga yekudyidzana kweUS neChina, Russia neIran izvo zvichakosha kana tichizogadzirisa matambudziko akawandisa anotarisana nesu tese.
Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo Edu: American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.
