UK Paramende inorondedzera kuti sei NATO ya2011 hondo muLibya yakabva kune nhema

Kuongorora kweBritain: Gaddafi akanga asiri kuzouraya vanhuwo zvavo; Kubhomba kwekuMadokero kwakaita kuti Islamist inonyanyisa

naBen Norton, ratidza

"Libya: Kuongororwa kwekupindira uye kudonha uye sarudzo dzenguva yemberi dzeUK," akadaro kuongorora nedare reHouse of Commons's bipartisan Foreign Affairs Committee, rinoshora zvikuru zvakaitwa neUK muhondo, iyo yakapidigura hurumende yemutungamiri weLibya, Muammar Qaddafi, zvikaita kuti nyika yekuchamhembe kweAfrica muite mhirizhonga.

"Hatina kuona humbowo hwekuti Hurumende yeUK yakaita ongororo chaiyo yechimiro chekumukira muLibya," mushumo unodaro. "Chirongwa cheUK chakavakirwa pafungidziro dzisiridzo uye nekusanzwisisa humbowo humbowo."

Dare Rinoona Nezvekune dzimwe nyika rinogumisa kuti hurumende yeBritain "yakundikana kuziva kuti kutyisidzirwa kwevanhuwo zvavo kwakanyanyisa uye kuti vapanduki vacho vaisanganisira chinhu chinokosha cheIslam."

Kubvunzurudza kweLibya, kwakatangwa muna Chikunguru 2015, kwakavakirwa pane rinopfuura gore rekutsvagisa uye kubvunzurudzwa nevezvematongerwo enyika, vadzidzi, vatori venhau uye nezvimwe. Chirevo, chakaburitswa munaGunyana 14, chinoburitsa zvinotevera:

• Qaddafi akanga asiri kuronga kuuraya vanhuwo zvavo. Iyi ngano yakawedzerwa nevapanduki nehurumende dzokuMadokero, idzo dzakavakira kupindira kwavo paungwaru hushoma.
• Kutyisidzirwa kwevaIslamist vanonyanyisa, iyo yaive nesimba guru mukumukira, haina kufuratirwa - uye kubhomba kweNATO kwakawedzera kutyisidzira uku, zvichipa ISIS hwaro muNorth Africa.
• France, iyo yakatanga kupindira kwemauto, yakakurudzirwa nehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika, kwete zvekubatsira vanhu.
• Kumukirana uku — kwanga kuri kwechisimba, kusiri kwerunyararo — kungadai kusina kubudirira dai pasina kupindira nerubatsiro rwemauto ekunze. Nhepfenyuro dzekunze, kunyanya dzekuQatar Al Jazeera neAl Arabiya yekuSaudi Arabia, dzakaparadzirawo makuhwa asina humbowo pamusoro peQaddafi nehurumende yeLibya.
• Kubhomba kweNATO kwakapinza Libya munjodzi yevanhu, kuuraya zviuru nezviuru zvevanhu uye kutamisa mazana ezviuru, kushandura Libya kubva kunyika yeAfrica nehupenyu hwepamusoro-soro kuva nyika yakakundikana.

Ngano yekuti Qaddafi aizouraya vanhuwo zvavo uye kushaya njere

"Pasinei nekutaura kwake, chirevo chekuti Muammar Gaddafi angadai akaraira kuurayiwa kwevanhu muBenghazi haina kutsigirwa nehumbowo huripo," Dare Rezvekune dzimwe nyika rinotaura zvakajeka.

"Kunyange zvazvo Muammar Gaddafi akatyisidzira mhirizhonga kune avo vakatora zvombo vachipikisa hutongi hwake, izvi hazvina hazvo kutyisidzira munhu wese muBenghazi," mushumo unoenderera mberi. "Muchidimbu, ukuru hwekutyisidzira vanhuwo zvavo hwakaratidzwa chokwadi chisina chikonzero."

Pfupiso yemushumo wacho inotaurawo kuti hondo “haina kuudzwa noungwaru hwakarurama.” Rinowedzera kuti, “vakuru vakuru vehurumende veUnited States vanonzi vakatsanangura kupindira kwacho se‘chisarudzo chisina kujeka.’”

Izvi zvinobhururuka pamberi pezvakataurwa nevezvematongerwo enyika mukutungamirira-kubhomba reNATO. Mushure kuratidzira kwechisimba yakatanga muLibya muna Kukadzi, uye Benghazi - guta rechipiri pakukura muLibya - yakatorwa nevapanduki, vakatapwa vanopikisa vakaita saSoliman Bouchuiguir, mutungamiri weEuropean-based Libyan League for Human Rights,vakati kuti, kana Qaddafi akatorazve guta, "Kuchave nekuteura ropa chaiko, kupondwa kwatakaona muRwanda."

Mushumo weParamende yeBritish, zvisinei, unoona kuti hurumende yeLibya yakadzora maguta kubva kuvapanduki kutanga kwaKukadzi 2011, NATO isati yatanga kurwisa ndege, uye mauto eQaddafi akange asati arwisa vanhuwo zvavo.

Musi waKurume 17, 2011, mushumo unoratidza - mazuva maviri NATO isati yatanga kubhomba - Qaddafi akaudza vapanduki muBenghazi, "Kanda zvombo zvenyu, sezvakaita hama dzenyu muAjdabiya nedzimwe nzvimbo. Vakaisa maoko pasi uye vakachengetedzeka. Hatina kumbovatevera zvachose.”

Dare Rezvekune dzimwe nyika rinowedzera kuti, mauto ehurumende yeLibya paakatorazve guta reAjdabiya muna Kukadzi, havana kurwisa vanhuwo zvavo. Qaddafi "akaedzawo kufadza varatidziri muBenghazi nekuvapa rubatsiro rwekusimudzira vasati vatumira mauto," mushumo unowedzera.

Mune mumwe muenzaniso, gwaro rinoratidza kuti, mushure mekurwa muna Kukadzi naKurume muguta reMisrata - guta rechitatu pakukura muLibya, iro rakatorwawo nevapanduki - chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana chevanhu vakaurayiwa nehurumende yeLibya vaive vakadzi kana vana.

"Kusiyana pakati pevakakuvadzwa varume nevakadzi kwakaratidza kuti mauto ehurumende yaGaddafi akanangana nevarwi vechirume muhondo yevagari vemo uye haana kurwisa vanhuwo zvavo zvisina tsarukano," komiti inodaro.

Vakuru vakuru veBritain vakabvuma mukuferefeta kweParamende kuti havana kufunga nezvezviito zvaQaddafi, uye vakadaidzira kuti mauto apindire muLibya zvichienderana nekutaura kwake.

MunaFebruary, Qaddafi akapa kupisa nhaurwa vachityisidzira vapanduki vakanga vatora maguta. Akataura kuti "vashoma" uye "magandanga mashoma," uye akavadaidza kuti "makonzo" avo "vari kushandura Libya kuva emirates yeZawahiri naBin Laden," vachireva vatungamiriri veal-Qaeda.

Pakupera kwekutaura kwake, Qaddafi akavimbisa "kuchenesa Libya, inch by inch, imba neimba, imba neimba, mukoto nemukoto," yevapanduki ava. Vazhinji vezvenhau vekuMadokero, zvisinei, vaireva kana kutaura pachena kuti kutaura kwake kwaireva kutyisidzira kune vese vairatidzira. Mutori wenhau weIsrael mukurumbira uyu mutsetse nokuushandura kuva rwiyo runonzi “Zenga, Zenga” (chiArabic che“alleyway”). Vhidhiyo yeYouTube ine hurukuro yakasanganiswa yakatenderedzwa pasirese.

Dare Rinoona Nezvekune dzimwe nyika rinoona mumushumo waro kuti, panguva iyoyo, vakuru veBritain vaive ne "kushaya njere dzakavimbika." William Hague, akashanda semunyori weBritain wezvekune dzimwe nyika uye nyaya dzeCommonwealth munguva yehondo muLibya, akataura kukomiti kuti Qaddafi akanga avimbisa "kuenda imba neimba, kamuri nekamuri, kutsiva kwavo kuvanhu veBenghazi, ” vachikanganisa kutaura kwaQaddafi. Akawedzera kuti, "Vanhu vazhinji vaizofa."

"Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwehungwaru hwakavimbika, Lord Hague naDr Fox vakasimbisa mabatiro ekutaura kwaMuammar Gaddafi pakuita kwavo sarudzo," mushumo unotaura, zvakare vachitaura panguva iyoyo-Secretary of State for Defense Liam Fox.

George Joffé, nyanzvi paKing's College London University uye nyanzvi kuMiddle East neNorth Africa, akaudza Komiti Yezvekune dzimwe nyika kuti iferefete kuti, nepo Qaddafi dzimwe nguva aishandisa kutaura kwekutyisidzira kuti "kwaidya ropa," mienzaniso yapfuura yakaratidza kuti. mutungamiri wenguva refu weLibya akanga "akanyatsochenjerera" kudzivirira kuuraya kwevanhu.

Pane chimwe chiitiko, Joffé akati, “panzvimbo pokuedza kubvisa tyisidziro kuhurumende yokumabvazuva, muCyrenaica, Gaddafi akapedza mwedzi mitanhatu achiedza kunyaradza madzinza aiva ikoko.”

Qaddafi "angadai akangwarira chaizvo mhinduro," akadaro Joffé mumushumo. "Kutya kuurayiwa kwevanhuwo zvavo kwakanyanyisa."

Alison Pargeter, mumwe mukuru wekutsvagisa kuRoyal United Services Institute uye nyanzvi paLibya akabvunzurudzwawo kuti aferefetwe, akabvumirana naJoffé. Vakaudza komiti iyi kuti pakanga pasina "humbowo chaihwo panguva iyoyo hunoratidza kuti Gaddafi aigadzirira kuponda vanhu vake."

"Émigrés aipokana naMuammar Gaddafi akashandisa kusagadzikana muLibya nekuwedzeredza kutyisidzira kwevanhu uye nekukurudzira masimba ekuMadokero kuti apindire," mushumo unotaura, muchidimbu ongororo yaJoffé.

VaPargeter vakawedzera kuti vanhu vekuLibya vaipikisa hurumende vakawedzeredza kushandisa kwaQaddafi "mamercenaries" - izwi ravaiwanzoshandisa serinofanana nevaLibya veSub-Saharan. Pargeter akati maLibya akanga amuudza kuti, “VaAfrica vari kuuya. Vachatiuraya. Gaddafi kutumira maAfrica mumigwagwa. Vari kuuraya mhuri dzedu.”

"Ini ndinofunga kuti izvi zvakawedzerwa zvakanyanya," akadaro Pargeter. Iyi ngano yakawedzerwa yakakonzera mhirizhonga yakanyanyisa. Vatema vekuLibya vakadzvinyirirwa nechisimba nevapanduki veLibya. Iyo Associated Press Zvinonzi munaGunyana 2011, "Mauto evapanduki uye vanhuwo zvavo vane zvombo vari kuunganidza zviuru zvevatema vekuLibya nevabvakure kubva kumaodzanyemba kweSahara Africa." Yakati, "Vanenge vese vasungwa vanoti havana mhosva vashandi vanotama."

(Mhosva dzevapanduki dzakaitirwa vanhu vatema vekuLibya dzaizonyanya kuipa. Muna 2012, pakange pave nemashumo ekuti vatema vekuLibya vaive isa mumatanga nevapanduki, uye vachimanikidzwa kudya mireza. Sezvakaita Salon yakambotaurwa, Human Rights Watch zvakareakanyeverwa muna 2013 "kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakakomba uye kuri kuramba kuchiitika kune vagari vemuguta reTawergha, avo vanoonekwa nevakawanda sevanotsigira Muammar Gaddafi." Vagari veTawergha vaive vazhinji vazukuru vevaranda vatema uye vakanga vari varombo zvikuru. Human Rights Watch yakashuma kuti vapanduki veLibya "vakamanikidza vanhu vangangosvika zviuru makumi mana, kuvharirwa zvisiri pamutemo, kurwadziswa, uye kuuraya kwakapararira, kwakarongeka, uye kwakarongwa zvakakwana kuti ive mhosva dzevanhu.")

Muna July 2011, mutauriri weDhipatimendi reHurumende Mark Toner akabvuma kuti Qaddafi "mumwe munhu anongotaura zvakanyanya," asi, muna Kukadzi, hurumende dzekuMadokero dzakashandisa kutaura uku.

Dare Rezvekune dzimwe nyika rinoona mumushumo waro kuti, zvisinei nekushaikwa kwehungwaru, "Hurumende yeUK yakatarisa chete kupindira kwemauto" semhinduro muLibya, ichiregeredza mafomu aripo ekuita zvematongerwo enyika uye diplomacy.

Izvi zvinoenderana kubika neThe Washington Times, iyo yakaona kuti mwanakomana waQaddafi, Saif, aitarisira kutaurirana kuti hurumende yeUS irege kurwa. Saif Qaddafi akavhura chinyararire kutaurirana neJoint Chiefs of Staff, asi ipapo-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton akapindira ndokukumbira Pentagon kuti imire kutaura nehurumende yeLibya. "Secretary Clinton haadi kutaurirana zvachose," mukuru wehungwaru hweUS akaudza Saif.

MunaKurume, Secretary Clinton aive akadana Muammar Qaddafi "chisikwa" "asina hana uye anotyisidzira chero munhu munzira yake." Clinton, akatamba a inotungamira basa mukusundira kubhomba reNATO weLibya, akati Qaddafi aizoita "zvinhu zvinotyisa" kana akasamiswa.

Kubva munaKurume kusvika Gumiguru 2011, NATO yakaita chirongwa chekubhomba kurwisa mauto ehurumende yeLibya. Yakati yaiita basa rekubatsira vanhu kuchengetedza vanhuwo zvavo. Muna Gumiguru, Qaddafi akaurayiwa zvine hutsinye - akabatwa nebayonet nevapanduki. (Paakanzwa nhau dzerufu rwake, Secretary Clinton akazivisa, anogara paTV, "Tauya, takaona, akafa!")

Chirevo cheDare Rezvekune dzimwe nyika chinonongedza, zvisinei, kuti, nepo kupindira kweNATO kwakatengeswa sechinangwa chekubatsira vanhu, chinangwa chayo chinowoneka chakaitwa muzuva rimwe chete.

Musi waKurume 20, 2011, mauto eQaddafi akadzokera kumashure anenge mamaira makumi mana kunze kweBenghazi, mushure mekunge ndege dzeFrance dzarwisa. "Kana chinangwa chikuru chekupindira kwemubatanidzwa chaive kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kuchengetedza vanhu muBenghazi, saka chinangwa ichi chakaitwa mumaawa asingasviki makumi maviri nemana," inodaro mushumo. Zvakadaro kupindira kwemauto kwakaenderera mberi kwemamwe mwedzi yakati wandei.

Chirevo ichi chinotsanangura "kupindira kushoma kwekuchengetedza vanhuwo zvavo kwapinda mugwara rekuchinja hurumende." Maonero aya akapikiswa, zvisinei, naMicah Zenko, mukuru kuCouncil on Foreign Relations. Zenko akashandisa zvigadzirwa zveNATO ratidza kuti "kupindira kweLibya kwaive kwekuchinja kwehurumende kubva pakutanga."

Mukuferefeta kwayo, Komiti Yezvekune dzimwe nyika inotora muna June 2011 Amnesty International ripoti, iyo yakataura kuti "zvakanyanya kuburitswa nenhau dzekuMadokero kubva pakutanga zvakapa maonero edivi rimwe chete ezvine musoro wezviitiko, zvichiratidza ratidziro seyaive nerunyararo uye ichiramba ichikurudzira kuti mauto ehurumende aiuraya varatidziri vasina kuzvidzivirira. dambudziko."

Chinyorwa chakatanga kuwanikwa paSalon: http://www.salon.com/2016/09/16/uk-parliament-report-details-how-natos-2011-war-in-libya-was-based-on-lies/ #