VaTrump Vanga Vakareva: NATO Inofanirwa Kuve Yakapera

NaMedea Bhenjamini, Zvita 2, 2019

Iwo mazwi matatu akangwara anotaurwa naDonald Trump akataura panguva yemutungamiri wenyika "NATO yapera." Mhandu wake, Hillary Clinton, akadzokera kuti NATO "yakasimba kwazvo mubatanidzwa wemauto munhoroondo yenyika." Zvino kuti VaTrump vanga vari musimba, iyo White House mbira mutsetse mumwechete wakapfekwa uyo NATO ndiyo "yakabudirira kwazvo Kubatana munhoroondo, kuvimbisa kuchengetedzeka, kubudirira, uye kusununguka kwenhengo dzayo." Asi Trump aitaura chokwadi nguva yekutanga: Pane kuve mubatanidzwa wakasimba une chinangwa chakajeka, iyi 70 -ye-bato-rekare sangano riri kusangana muLondon musi waDecember 4 isimba rehondo remauto kubva kuCold War mazuva aifanira kunge akasiya basa makore mazhinji apfuura.

NATO yakatanga kuvambwa neUnited States ne11 dzimwe nyika dzeWestern senzira yekumisa kukwira kwecommunism mu1949. Makore matanhatu gare gare, nyika dzechiKomonisiti dzakagadzira iyo Warsaw Pact uye kuburikidza neaya maviri masangano emarudzi mazhinji, pasi rose rakava nzvimbo yehondo yeCold War. USSR payakawira mu1991, iyo Warsaw Pact yakabviswa asi NATO ichikura, ichikura kubva kunhengo dzayo dzekutanga dze12 kuenda kunhengo dzenhengo dze29. Maodzanyemba kuMasedhonia, yakagadzirirwa kujoina gore rinouya, ichaunza huwandu ku30. NATO yakawedzera zvakare mhiri kweNorth Atlantic, achiwedzera kubatana neColombia mu2017. Donald Trump nguva pfupi yadarika Yakataurwa kuti Brazil rimwe zuva inogona kuve nhengo yakazara.

NATO yekupedzisira kweCold War kuwedzera kumiganhu yeRussia, kunyangwe zvaivimbisa kusazotamira kumabvazuva, zvakakonzera kusawirirana pakati pemasimba eWestern neRussia, kusanganisira kufona kwakawanda pakati pevemauto. Yakapawo mujaho mutsva wemaoko, kusanganisira kukwidziridzwa mune zvombo zvenyukireya, uye iyo pakukura NATO "mitambo yehondo" kubvira Hondo Yemashoko.

Ipo ichiti "chengetedza runyararo," NATO ine nhoroondo yekubhomba vanhu vemo uye mhosva dzehondo. Mu1999, NATO yakaita mabasa ehondo pasina kubvumidzwa neUN muYugoslavia. Ndege dzayo zvisiri pamutemo munguva yeHondo yeKosovo dzakasiya mazana evarwi vafa. Uye kure ne "North Atlantic," NATO yakabatana neUnited States mukurwisa Afghanistan mu2001, uko kuchiri kupiswa pasi makumi maviri emakore gare gare. Mu2011, NATO mauto vakapinda muLibya zvisiri pamutemo, vachigadzira nyika yakundikana yakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vatize. Panzvimbo pekutora nzvimbo yevapoteri ava, nyika dzeNATO dzakatenderedza kutama kunoyambuka paGungwa reMeditera, zvichisiya zviuru zvaifa.

MuLondon, NATO inoda kuratidza kuti yakagadzirira kurwa hondo nyowani. Icharatidza danho rayo rekugadzirira - kugona kuendesa mabhatani makumi matatu nenyika, makumi matatu emauto emuchadenga uye makumi matatu engarava dzezvikepe mumazuva makumi matatu chete, uye kutarisana nekutyisidzirwa neramangwana kubva kuChina neRussia, kusanganisira nemakomboni e hypersonic uye cyberwarfare. Asi kure nekuve mutete, zvinoreva muchina wehondo, NATO iri chaizvo yakazara nekukamukana uye kupokana. Heano mamwe acho:

• Mutungamiri weFrance, Emmanuel Macron, anopokana nekuzvipira kweUS kurwira kuEurope, adaidza kuti NATO "yafa pfungwa" uye yakurudzira Hondo yeEuropean pasi pehushezari yeFrance.
• Turkey yakatsamwira nhengo dzeNATO nekupinda kwayo muSyria kurwisa vaKurds, avo vanga vari vekuMadokero mubatanidzwa mukurwisa ISIS. Uye Turkey yakatyisidzira kuti ichabvisa chirongwa chekudzivirira cheBaltic kudzamara abatana atsigira kupokana kwayo muSiria. Turkey yakatsamwisawo nhengo dzeNATO, kunyanya VaTrump, nekutenga Russia's S-400 missile system.
• Trump inoda NATO kudzosera kumashure kurwisa kuri kuwedzera kweChina, kusanganisira mashandisirwo emakambani eChina ekuvakisa 5G nhare mbozha- chinhu nyika zhinji dzeNATO dzisingade kuita.
• Russia iriko chaiyo mhandu yeNATO here? Macron yekuFrance yasvika kuRussia, ichikoka Putin kuti akurukure nzira idzo European Union inogona kuisa kurwisa kweCrimea nyuma yayo. VaDonald Trump varwisa pachena Germany pamusoro pazvo Nord Stream 2 chirongwa kupomba mune gasi reRussia, asi sarudzo ichangoburwa yeGerman yakaona 66 muzana ichida hukama neRussia.
• Iyo UK ine matambudziko akakura. Britain yakanyudzwa pamusoro pemakakatanwa eBrexit uye iri kuita sarudzo yenyika muna Zvita 12. Mutungamiri weBritish, Boris Johnson, achiziva kuti VaTrump vakasarudzika, haazeye kuonwa ari pedyo naye. Zvakare, mukwikwidzi mukuru waJohnson, Jeremy Corbyn, anotsigira mutsigiri weNATO. Ipo mubato wake weBasa akazvipira kuNATO, pamusoro pebasa rake semunyori wekurwira-hondo, Corbyn anayo akadana NATO "njodzi kurunyararo rwenyika uye njodzi kune kuchengetedzeka kwepasirese." Nguva yekupedzisira Britain payakabata vatungamiriri veNATO mu2014, Corbyn Akaudzwa musangano wekupokana-NATO wekuti kuguma kweCold War "ingangove nguva yekuti NATO ivharise shopu, vasiye, vaende kumba voenda."
• Chimwezve chinotenderera ndecheScotland, inova imba isingafarirwi yenyukireya yeTrongo nyuchi pasi sechikamu cheNATO chinodzivirira. Hurumende itsva yeVashandi ingade kutsigirwa neScotland National Party. Asi mutungamiri waro, Nicola Sturgeon, anotsigira kuti chirevo chekutsigirwa nebato rake kuzvipira kuvhara chigadziko.
• MaEuropean haagone kumiririra VaTrump (sarudzo ichangobva kuwanikwa yaari kuvimba by chete 4 muzana yeEuropean!) uye vatungamiriri vavo havagone kuvimba naye. Vatungamiriri veAllies vanodzidza nezve sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzinokanganisa zvavanofarira kuburikidza neTwitter. Kushaikwa kwemubatanidzwa kuri pachena muna Gumiguru, apo VaTrump vakaregeredza mabvumirano eNATO paakaraira mauto akasarudzika eUS kubva kuchamhembe kweSyria, kwavakange vachishanda pamwe chete nemurairidzi weFrance neBritain kurwisa maIslam State.
• Kusavimbika kweUS kwakatungamira European Commission kuti itore hurongwa hwe "European defense" iyo inofanidza kushandisa zvechiuto nekutenga. Nhanho inotevera inogona kunge iri yekuronga zviitiko zvemauto zvakaparadzaniswa neNATO. Pentagon yakanyunyuta pamusoro penyika dzeEU dziri kutenga zvekushandisa muchiuto kubva kune mumwe neumwe panzvimbo yeUnited States, uye akadana mubatanidzwa uyu "
• Ko vanhu veAmerica vanonyatsoda kuenda kuhondo kuEstonia? Chinyorwa 5 cheChibvumirano chinotaura kuti kurwisa nhengo imwechete "kuchaonekwa sekurwiswa kwavo vese," zvichireva kuti chibvumirano chinosungira US kuenda kuhondo vakamiririra nyika makumi maviri nesere - chimwe chinhu chingangopikiswa nevaAmerica vaneta nehondo avo chido mutemo wekunze wakashomeka unotarisa nezverunyararo, kudzvinyirira, uye kuita zvehupfumi panzvimbo yeuto remauto.

Rimwezve pfupa rakakura rekukakavara ndiani achabhadhara NATO. Nguva yekupedzisira apo vatungamiri veNATO vakasangana, Mutungamiriri wenyika VaTrump vakanganisa hurongwa hwacho nekumhanyisa nyika dzeNATO nekusabhadhara mugove wavo uye kumusangano weLondon, VaTrump vari kutarisirwa kuzivisa mabhaisikopo eU.S. kubhajeti rebasa reNATO.

Chinetso chaTrump chikuru ndechekuti nyika dzenhengo dzinosvika kune Chinangwa cheNATO chekushandisa 2 muzana yezvigadzirwa zvavo zvepamba padziviriro ne2024, chinangwa chisingafarirwe pakati pevanhu vekuEurope. sarudza izvo mutero wavo wokuti utorere zvinhu zvisiri zvehondo. Zvakadaro, NATO Munyori Mukuru Jens Stoltenberg vachazvirova dundundu kuti Europe neCanada vakawedzera $ 100 bhiriyoni kumabhajeti avo emauto kubva 2016- chimwe chinhu Donald Trump achatora chikwereti-- uye kuti vazhinji veNATO vakuru vari kusangana nechikamu che2 muzana, kunyangwe hazvo 2019 NATO mushumo unoratidza chete nhengo nomwe dzakadaro. : iyo US, Greece, Estonia, UK, Romania, Poland neLatvia.

Mune zera iro vanhu pasi rese vanoda kudzivirira hondo uye kutarisa panzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze anotyisidzira hupenyu hwamangwana pasi pano, NATO ndeye anachronism. Ikozvino inoverengera matatu matatu muzana emashandisirwo emauto uye zvombo zvinoshanda kutenderera nyika. Panzvimbo pekudzivirira hondo, inosimudzira kurwa, inowedzera hutsinye pasi rose uye inoita kuti kurwa kurwe. Hondo yeCold War iyi haifanire kugadzirwazve kuchengetedza hutongi hweUS muEurope, kana kusangana kuti irwe neRussia kana China, kana kutanga hondo idzva munzvimbo. Iyo haifanirwe kukwidziridzwa, asi yakabviswa. Makumi manomwe emakore ehondo anopfuura zvakaringana.

Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.