Trump naBiden Chakavanzika Afghanistan Air Campaign Zvakaziviswa

Anenge mazana masere aimbove akavanzika US airstrikes muAfghanistan panguva ya800 na2020 anoburitswa, semauto eUS anobvisa data.

Kuburitswa kwemarekodhi akasarudzika ekurova kwendege kweUS muAfghanistan kwakaratidza zvinopfuura mazana mana zvisati zvambotaurwa mumwedzi yekupedzisira yehutungamiriri hwaDonald Trump - uye zvimwe mazana matatu ekurova kwakarairwa nehutongi hwaJoe Biden.

Kunyangwe mushure mekunge United States neTaliban vasaina chibvumirano cherunyararo muna Kukadzi 2020, US yakaenderera mberi muchivande kubhomba Taliban neIslamic State tarisiro, iyo data inoratidza. Uye muna 2021 - apo maTaliban airamba achiwedzera kurwisa mauto ehurumende yeAfghan, uye kuenderera mberi kuKabul - anopfuura mazana masere emauto akadzingwa nendege zhinji dzeUS.

Iyo yakakosha data yemwedzi weAfghanistan ne Air Force Central Command, kana AFCENT, yakamiswa muna Kurume 2020 mushure mekunge hutongi hwaTrump hwabvumirana hunoshanda chibvumirano chekumisa kurwa pamwe neTaliban. Izvo zvakaburitswa neruzhinji zvakaratidza kuti vangani kurova kweUS pamwe nevanodyidzana nayo pasi rose kwakaitwa muAfghanistan pamwe neruzivo rwezvombo zvakapfurwa, uye zvaive zvaburitswa mwedzi wega wega kweanoda kusvika makore gumi zvisati zvaitika.

Panguva iyoyo US Air Force akati yakanga ichimisa kuburitswa nekuda kwekunetsekana, "kusanganisira kuti chirevo chingakanganisa sei nhaurirano dziripo neTaliban maererano nehurukuro dzerunyararo dzeAfghanistan".

The ichangobva declassified data anowedzera kutenda zvirevo panguva iyo United States inogona kunge yakasimudza muchivande kurova kwayo muAfghanistan kuisa kumanikidza maTaliban panguva yenhaurirano dziri kuitika muQatar, dzimwe nguva zvichikanganisa vanhuwo zvavo.

Nepo United Nations yaiita seine chokwadi chekuti kurova kweUS kwakange kwamira zvakanyanya, maTaliban akapomerwa iyo US yekutyora zvirevo zvechibvumirano "anenge mazuva ese." Zvikumbiro izvozvo zvino zvingangove zvakanyanya kutorwa zvakanyanya.

"Idzi data dzinotaura nyaya yekurwira kweAmerica kupedza hondo yayo refu," Graeme Smith weInternational Crisis Group akaudza Airwars.

Hondo yemumhepo isina kupera

IUS neTaliban vakasaina inonzi 'hurongwa hworugare musi waKukadzi 29, 2020. Izvi hazvina kuita kuti US iite kumisa kurwa kuzere, asi zvaisanganisira veTaliban vachizvipira kuti vasarwisa mauto eAmerica muAfghanistan panguva yaidiwa mwedzi gumi nemana yekubvisa US.

Zvaifungidzirwawo kuti kurohwa kweUS kwaizoderera zvakanyanya, uye kutariswa zvakanyanya pakuzvidzivirira. Zvakadaro iyo ichangobva kuburitswa AFCENT data inoratidza kurwiswa kweUS hakuna kumbomira, ne413 'yepasi rose' airstrikes pakati paKurume naZvita 2020 chete.

Declassified AFCENT data yakaratidza kurova kwendege kunenge mazana masere kwakamboitwa muAfghanistan muna 800 na2020.

Kutevera chibvumirano cheUS-Taliban muna Kukadzi 2020, hurukuro dzekumisa mhirizhonga dzakabva dzatanga muDoha munaGunyana wegore rimwe chetero pakati peTaliban neHurumende yeAfghan. Zvakadaro mumwedzi iwoyo, isu tave kuziva, iyo US ichiri muchivande 34 airstrikes.

Kuenderera mberi nekuita kweUS kwakabatana nekurwiswa kweTaliban kunze kwemaguta eKandahar neLashkar Gah. VaTaliban vakapokana kuti kurwiswa uku, kumauto ehurumende yeAfghan kwete kweAmerica, kwaisatyora chibvumirano asi US haina kubvumirana, akadaro Smith. "Ndosaka muchiona kusimuka kwakanyanya mundege kubva muna Gumiguru 2020 sezvo vanhu vekuAmerica vakaedza kudzivirira matunhu," akadaro.

Amnesty International ichangobva kuratidzwa Chaaitenda kwaive kurova kwendege kweUS paKunduz muna Mbudzi 2020 kwakauraya vakadzi vaviri vasiri vanhu, Bilqiseh bint Abdul Qadir (21) naNouriyeh bint Abdul Khaliq (25), uye murume mumwe, Qader Khan (24). Zvimedu zvezvombo zvakawanikwa panzvimbo iyi zvairatidza pachena kuramwa mabasa kweUS. Izvozvi zvave pachena kuti United States yakaita muchivande 69 kurohwa muAfghanistan mwedzi iwoyo chete.

Kubva paakatora chigaro mukupera kwaNdira 2021, Joe Biden akatanga aona kudzikira kushoma kwekuramwa mabasa kusati kwawedzera zvakanyanya, sezvo kugara kwemakore makumi maviri eUS kwakapera mumhirizhonga uye inoparadza.

Mumwedzi mitatu yekupedzisira yekuvepo kweUS, zvombo zve226 zvakapfurwa mundege makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe nendege yeUS (uye pamwe yakabatana) nechinangwa chekumisa mheni yeTaliban. Zvizhinji zvezviito izvi zvingangove zvakange zviri pedyo nekutsigira mauto eAfghan National Army munzvimbo dzemumaguta, anga achiwandirwa. Njodzi inozivikanwa yekukuvadzwa kwevanhu vakawanda kubva zviito zvakadaro zvagara zvichizivikanwa.

Mumazuva ekupedzisira ehondo, vanhu vakawanda nemauto gumi nevatatu vekuUS vakafa mukurwisa kwekuzviuraya kweISIS-K apo mauto eUS akazvivharira mukati meKabul airport uye vanhu vekuAfghan vaisuwa vakadirana kunzvimbo iyi vachitarisira kutiza nyika.

Uye mukurova kwekupedzisira kwemauto eUS, vanhu gumi vakaurayiwa apo vashandi vekuAmerican drone vakavhiringidza baba vachidzokera kumba kwavo negandanga reIslam State. Svondo rapfuura, the Pentagon yakaziviswa hapana chirango chichaitwa mukuramwa mabasa ikoko.

United Nations yakanyengedzwa?

Kumisa kuburitswa kwe data remwedzi nemwedzi mukutanga kwa2020 kunoratidzika kunge kwakagonesa United Nations kuti US yanga isisaite kurwisa kwakakosha.

Mune ese ari maviri ayo 2020 mushumo wegore wevanhu vakakuvadzwa nevanhuwo zvavo muAfghanistan uye yayo 6-mwedzi mushumo wehafu yekutanga ye2021, United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan (UNAMA) yakaderedza kukanganiswa kwekuramwa mabasa kweUS nekunze kwenyika - ichifunga kuti kwakawanda kwapera.

Muna 2020 iyo UN yakagumisa, vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu vagari vemuAfghan vakaurayiwa mukurwisana kunoramba kuripo pakati peTaliban nehurumende yeAfghan panguva iyoyo, vachitsigirwa nemauto epasi rose. Maererano neUNAMA, vanhu 3,000 vakaurayiwa gore iroro nendege - iyo yakapa mhosva kufa kwe341 kune mauto enyika.

Zvakadaro UNAMA ya2020 yegore negore yakataura kuti mushure mechibvumirano chaFebruary 29th pakati peUS neTaliban "mauto epasi rose akadzikisa zvakanyanya mashandiro emuchadenga, pasina zviitiko zvakadaro zvichikonzera kufa kwevanhu mukati megore ra2020."

Vakuru veUN vakazoudza Airwars panguva yemusangano kuti vaifunga kuti kurova kweAfghan Air Force ndiko kwanga kukonzeresa kufa kwevanhu vese kubva mundege. Kuburitswa kweiyo yaimbova-classified data kubva kuAFCENT inoshandura zvakanyanya iwo mufananidzo. Pakati paKurume naZvita 2020, mwedzi yaVaTrump yekupedzisira muhofisi, iyo US yakatoita 413 airstrikes - yakawanda seyese muna 2015 semuenzaniso.

Kwehafu yekutanga ya2021, UNAMA yakaitawo fungidziro dzakafanana nezvehuwandu hwakaderera hwekuramwa mabasa kweUS nekune dzimwe nyika, ichiti "zvichienzaniswa nehafu yekutanga ya2020, huwandu hwevanhu vakaurayiwa nekukuvadzwa mukurova kwendege hwakawedzera ne33%. Vanhu vakakuvara kubva kuAfghan Air Force vanorova ndege zvakapetwa kaviri sezvo mauto epasi rose akarova ndege shoma. "

Muchokwadi, isu tave kuziva, anopfuura mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe ekuramwa "pasi rose" akaitwa muna 370, pakati pavo akadonhedza pfuti dzinopfuura mazana masere.

UNAMA haina kupindura nekukasika kumibvunzo yekuti UN yave kuongorora here zvayakawana, zvichitevera kuburitswa kwedata reAFCENT.

Biden achiongororwa

Zvakazarurwa zvemazana ezvaimbova zvakavanzika ndege dzeUS muAfghanistan mukati memwedzi yekutanga yaJoe Biden ari muhofisi zvinoratidza kuti kunyangwe zviitiko zveUS zvaive zvakaderera mune dzimwe nhandare dzakadai seIraq neSomalia, kusimba kwehondo yemakore makumi maviri muAfghanistan yakaenderera mberi kusvika kumagumo. .

Kurova kweAmerica kwakapetwa kashanu kwakaitwa muAfghanistan kubva muna Ndira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2021 kupfuura zvakaziviswa mune mamwe matheatre eUS akasanganiswa gore rose, ongororo yeAirwars inoratidza.

"Airwars anga aripo kunyevera kwenguva yakati idzo nhamba dzichangoburwa dzeAfghanstan - kana dzakaziviswa - dzinogona kuratidza zvakawanda zvechiuto zveUS pasi paJoe Biden kupfuura zvaifungwa nevakawanda," akadaro director weAirwars Chris Woods. "Iyi data ichangobva kuburitswa - isingambofa yakarongedzerwa pekutanga - inonongedza kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kuongororwazve zvakaitwa neUS muAfghanistan, kusanganisira vangangove vanhuwo zvavo."

Iyo data yeAfghanistan inomira kamwe kamwe muna Nyamavhuvhu 2021. Vachizivisa kuburitswa kwerambo rakavanzika uye nhamba dzemunition kuPentagon press Corps pakupera kweChishanu masikati, mutauriri mukuru weDoD John Kirby. akaudza vatori venhau: "Hapana kumbove nendege muAfghanistan sezvo kubviswa kwapera."