By TNI, October 25, 2021
Mushumo uyu unoona kuti makambani makuru ekubudisa mhepo ari kushandisa avhareji yakapetwa ka2.3 pamiganhu yezvombo zvemamiriro ekunze, uye yakapetwa ka15 kune avo vakatadza zvakanyanya. Iyi "Global Climate Wall" ine chinangwa chekuvhara nyika dzine simba kubva kune vanotama, pane kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekutamiswa.
Executive pfupiso
Nyika dzakapfuma kwazvo pasi rose dzakasarudza maitiro adzinoita maitiro emamiriro ekunze epasirese - nekurwisa miganhu yadzo. Sezvinoratidzwa neshumo iri, nyika idzi - idzo dzakanyanya kukonzera dambudziko remamiriro ekunze - dzinoshandisa mari yakawanda pakuisa miganhu yadzo kuti vatadze kubuda kunze kwekugadzirisa dambudziko rinomanikidza vanhu kubva kudzimba dzavo pakutanga.
Izvi zviri kuitika pasi rose, asi nyika nomwe kunyanya - dzinokonzera 48% yekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse (GHG) pasi rose - pamwe chete vakashandisa kanokwana zvakapetwa kaviri pamiganhu yekupinda nekubuda kwevanhu munyika (inodarika madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemazana matatu emadhora) semari yemamiriro ekunze. $ 33.1 bhiriyoni) pakati pa14.4 na2013.
Nyika idzi dzakavaka 'Climate Wall' kudzivirira mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, umo zvidhinha zvinobva kune maviri akasiyana asi ane hukama: chekutanga, kutadza kupa yakavimbiswa mari yemamiriro ekunze iyo inogona kubatsira nyika kudzikisira uye kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. ; uye chechipiri, mhinduro yemauto kune kutama iyo inowedzera muganhu uye yekuongorora zvivakwa. Izvi zvinopa purofiti inowedzera kune indasitiri yekuchengetedza muganho asi kutambura kusinga taurike kune vapoteri uye vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanoita nzendo dzinowedzera nengozi - uye dzinouraya - nzendo dzekutsvaga chengetedzo munyika yakashanduka mamiriro ekunze.
Zviwanikwa zvakakosha:
Kutama kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze kwave kuitika
- Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuramba kuchikonzera kutamiswa nekutama. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwechimwe chiitiko chine njodzi, sechamupupuri kana mafashamu emvura, asiwo kana kuwedzera kwekunaya kwekusanaya kwemvura kana kukwira kwemafungu egungwa, semuenzaniso, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoita kuti nzvimbo isagarike uye kumanikidza nharaunda dzese kutama.
- Ruzhinji rwevanhu vanotamiswa, kungave kuri kukonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze kana kuti kwete, vanoramba vari munyika yavo, asi huwandu huchayambuka miganhu yepasirese uye izvi zvinogona kuwedzera sekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kumatunhu ese uye zvipenyu.
- Kutama kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze kunoitika zvisina kuenzana munyika dzine mari yakaderera uye kunopindirana nekukasira nezvimwe zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutamiswa. Iyo inoumbwa nekusarongeka kwehurongwa hunogadzira mamiriro ekusagadzikana, mhirizhonga, kusagadzikana uye kusimba magariro emagariro anomanikidza vanhu kusiya misha yavo.
Nyika dzakapfuma dzinopedza mari yakawanda mukugadzirisa miganhu yadzo pane kupa mari yemamiriro ekunze kuitira kuti nyika dzine urombo zvikuru dzibatsire vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika.
- Zvinomwe zvezvakanyanya emitter yeGHGs - United States, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, Canada, France neAustralia - pamwe chete vakashandisa zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri pamuganho nekumisikidza kune dzimwe nyika (inodarika madhora 33.1 bhiriyoni) semari yemamiriro ekunze ($14.4) bhiriyoni) pakati pa2013 na2018.1
- Canada yakashandisa zvakapetwa ka15 ($1.5 bhiriyoni zvichienzaniswa neanosvika zana remamiriyoni emadhora); Australia yakapetwa ka100 ($13 bhiriyoni zvichienzaniswa ne2.7 miriyoni); iyo US ingangoita ka200 kupfuura ($ 11 bhiriyoni zvichienzaniswa ne19.6 bhiriyoni); uye UK inopeta kaviri ($1.8 bhiriyoni zvichienzaniswa ne2.7 bhiriyoni).
- Kushandiswa kwemari pamuganhu nevanomwe vakuru veGHG emitters kwakakwira ne29% pakati pa 2013 na 2018. MuUS, kushandisa mari pabhodha nekutemerwa kwevanhu nekupinda munyika kwakapetwa katatu pakati pa2003 na2021. MuEurope, bhajeti reEuropean Union (EU) muganhu agency, Frontex, yakawedzera ne 2763% kubva pakuvambwa kwayo muna 2006 kusvika 2021.
- Uku kurwiswa kwemauto kumiganhu kwakadzika midzi muhurongwa hwekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze ayo kubva kutanga kwa2000s vakapenda zvakanyanya vanotama se'kutyisidzira' kwete kubatwa nekusarongeka. Indasitiri yekuchengetedza muganho yakabatsira kusimudzira hurongwa uhu kuburikidza neyakaodzwa mafuta nezvematongerwo enyika, zvichitungamira kune zvibvumirano zvakawanda zveindasitiri yemuganho uye nharaunda dzine hutsinye dzevapoteri nevanotamira.
- Mari yemamiriro ekunze inogona kubatsira kudzikisira kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kubatsira nyika kuti dzijairane neizvi, kusanganisira kutsigira vanhu vanoda kutama kana kutamira kunze kwenyika. Zvakadaro nyika dzakapfuma dzakatadza kuchengeta vimbiso dzadzo dzemadhora mabhiriyoni zana pagore mumari yemamiriro ekunze. Huwandu hwazvino kubva kuOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) yakashuma 100 bhiriyoni yemari yakazara yemamiriro ekunze muna 79.6, asi maererano netsvagiridzo yakaburitswa neOxfam International, yakambotaura zvakanyanyisa, uye zvikwereti kwete magrants zvinotariswa. huwandu hwechokwadi hwemari yemamiriro ekunze hunogona kunge huri pasi pehafu yezvinoshumwa nenyika dzakabudirira.
- Nyika dzine utsi hwepamusoro-soro hwenhoroondo dziri kusimbisa miganhu yadzo, nepo idzo dzakadzikira ndidzo dzakanyanya kurohwa nekutamiswa kwevanhu. Somalia, semuenzaniso, inokonzeresa 0.00027% yekubuda kwese kubva 1850 asi yaive nevanhu vanopfuura miriyoni imwe (6% yevagari) vakadzingwa nenjodzi ine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze muna 2020.
Indasitiri yekuchengetedzwa kwebhodha iri kuita pundutso kubva mukusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze
- Indasitiri yezvekuchengetedza muganho yave kutowana purofiti kubva mukuwedzera kwekushandisa pamuganho uye kumanikidza vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye inotarisira kunyange purofiti yakawanda kubva mukusagadzikana kunofungidzirwa nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kufembera kwa2019 neResearchAndMarkets.com kwakafanotaura kuti Global Homeland Security uye Public Safety Market yaizokura kubva pamadhora mazana mana nemakumi mana nemakumi matatu emadhora muna 431 kusvika pamadhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu muna 2018, uye mwero wekukura wepagore we606%. Maererano nemushumo, chimwe chinhu chiri kuita izvi 'kukura kwenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze'.
- Vepamusoro muganho makondirakiti vanozvirumbidza nezve mukana wekuwedzera mari yavo kubva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Raytheon anoti 'kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemauto nemasevhisi sezvo kunetsekana kwekuchengetedza kungamuka semhedzisiro yekusanaya kwemvura, mafashama, uye zviitiko zvedutu zvinoitika nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze'. Cobham, kambani yekuBritain inoshambadza masisitimu ekuongorora uye ndeimwe yemakondirakiti makuru ekuchengetedza muganho weAustralia, inoti 'kuchinja kune nyika [sic] zviwanikwa nekugara kunogona kuwedzera kudiwa kwekuongororwa kwemuganhu nekuda kwekutama kwevanhu'.
- Sezvo TNI yakatsanangudza mune mimwe mishumo yakawanda muBorder Wars nhevedzano, 2 iyo indasitiri yekuchengetedza muganho inobata uye inotsigira mauto emuganho uye purofiti kubva mukuwedzera kwayo.
Indasitiri yekuchengetedzwa kwemuganhu inopawo chengetedzo kuindasitiri yemafuta inova imwe yevanonyanya kukonzera dambudziko remamiriro ekunze uye vanotogara pamabhodhi emumwe nemumwe.
- Mafemu makuru gumi epasi rose emafuta emafuta efosil zvakare anobata masevhisi emafemu mamwe chete ayo anotungamira makondirakiti ekuchengetedza miganhu. Chevron (akaronga nhamba yenyika 10) zvibvumirano neCobham, G2S, Indra, Leonardo, Thales; Exxon Mobil (chinzvimbo che4) neAirbus, Damen, General Dynamics, L4Harris, Leonardo, Lockheed Martin; BP (3) neAirbus, G6S, Indra, Lockheed Martin, Palantir, Thales; uye Royal Dutch Shell (4) ine Airbus, Boeing, Damen, Leonardo, Lockheed Martin, Thales, G7S.
- Exxon Mobil, semuenzaniso, yakaita chibvumirano cheL3Harris (imwe yevakuru gumi nemana vekuUnited States makondirakiti) kuti vape 'maritime domain ruzivo' nezvekuchera kwayo muNiger delta muNigeria, dunhu iro rakatambura nekutamiswa kwevanhu nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. BP yaita chibvumirano nePalantir, kambani inopa zvine nharo software yekuongorora kumasangano akaita seUS Immigration uye Customs Enforcement (ICE), kugadzira 'nzvimbo yekuchengetera matsime ese akashandiswa nhoroondo uye chaiyo nguva yekuchera data'. Border kontrakta G14S ine nhoroondo yakarebesa yekudzivirira mapaipi emafuta, kusanganisira pombi yeDakota Access muUS.
- Kuwirirana pakati pemakambani emafuta efossil nemakondirakiti epamusoro ekuchengetedza muganho kunoonekwawo nenyaya yekuti vakuru vechikamu chimwe nechimwe vanogara pamabhodhi emumwe nemumwe. KuChevron, semuenzaniso, aimbova CEO uye Sachigaro weNorthrop Grumman, Ronald D. Sugar uye aimbova CEO waLockheed Martin Marilyn Hewson vari mubhodhi rayo. Kambani yeItaly yemafuta negasi ENI ine Nathalie Tocci pabhodhi rayo, aimbove Mumiriri Akakosha kuEU High Representative Mogherini kubva 2015 kusvika 2019, akabatsira kunyora EU Global Strategy iyo yakatungamira mukuwedzera kunze kwemiganhu yeEU kuenda kunyika dzechitatu.
Uku kubatana kwesimba, hupfumi uye kubatana pakati pemafemu emafuta ezvicherwa uye indasitiri yezvekuchengetedza muganho inoratidza kusaita kwemamiriro ekunze uye mhinduro dzechiuto kumhedzisiro yacho zviri kuramba zvichibatana. Maindasitiri ese ari maviri anowana purofiti sezvo zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinotsaudzirwa pakubata nemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pane kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvayo. Izvi zvinouya nemutengo wakaipisisa wemunhu. Inogona kuonekwa mukuwanda kwekufa kwevapoteri, mamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa mumisasa yevapoteri yakawanda nenzvimbo dzekuvharirwa, kusundidzirana nechisimba kubva kunyika dzeEurope, kunyanya idzo dziri kumuganhu weMediterranean, uye kubva kuUS, muzviitiko zvisingaverengeki zvekutambura kusingakoshi uye hutsinye. Sangano reInternational Organisation for Migration (IOM) rinoverengera kuti zviuru makumi mana nezviuru zvevanhu vakafa pakati pa41,000 na2014, kunyangwe izvi zvichigamuchirwa sekusakoshesa zvakanyanya zvichipihwa kuti hupenyu huzhinji hunorasika mugungwa nemumarenje ari kure sevanotama nevapoteri vachitora nzira dzine njodzi kuenda kwakachengeteka. .
Kukosheswa kwemiganhu yemauto pamusoro pemari yemamiriro ekunze kunozotyisidzira kuwedzera dambudziko remamiriro ekunze kuvanhu. Pasina mari yakakwana yekubatsira nyika kudzikisira uye kujairana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, dambudziko richawedzera kuparadzwa kwevanhu nekudzura hupenyu hwakawanda. Asi, sekupedzisa kwegwaro iri, mari yehurumende isarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika, zvichireva kuti sarudzo dzakasiyana dzinogona kuitika. Kuisa mari mukudzikisira mamiriro ekunze munyika dzine hurombo uye dzakanyanya kutambudzika kunogona kutsigira shanduko kune simba rakachena - uye, pamwe nekudzikiswa kwakadzama kwekunze nenyika dzinosvibisa zvakanyanya - kupa nyika mukana wekuchengeta tembiricha iri pasi pe1.5 ° C kuwedzera kubva 1850, kana pre- mazinga emaindasitiri. Kutsigira vanhu vanomanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo nezviwanikwa uye zvivakwa kuti vavakezve hupenyu hwavo munzvimbo nyowani kunogona kuvabatsira kujairana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kurarama nechiremera. Kutama, kana kwakatsigirwa zvakakwana, kunogona kuva nzira inokosha yekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze.
Kubata kutama zvakanaka kunoda shanduko yegwara uye yakawedzera zvakanyanya mari yemamiriro ekunze, mutemo wakanaka weveruzhinji uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, asi chinonyanya kukosha ndiyo nzira chete yetsika yakarurama yekutsigira avo vari kutambura dambudziko ravasina kuita mukugadzira.
