NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, October 12, 2020
“Tiri vekutanga!” United States zvine mukurumbira rinokundikana kutungamira nyika mune chero chinhu chinodiwa, asi inotungamira nyika muzvinhu zvakawanda, uye chimwe chazvo chinozove chepfu yePacific nezvitsuwa zvayo. Uye neUnited States, ndinoreva mauto eUnited States.
Bhuku idzva naJon Mitchell, rakadaidzwa Kuisa chepfu kuPacific: Mauto eU.S. Chakavanzika Chekurasa Plutonium, Chemical Zvombo, uye Agent Orange, inotaura nyaya iyi. Kungofanana nenjodzi dzakadai, iyi yakawedzera zvakanyanya panguva yeHondo Yenyika II uye yakaramba ichienderera kubvira ipapo.
Mitchell anotanga nechitsuwa cheOkunashima uko Japan yakaburitsa zvombo zvemakemikari panguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Mushure mehondo, United States neJapan vakakanda zvinhu mugungwa, ndokuzvisungirira mumapako ndokuzvivharira zvikavharwa, ndokuzviviga muvhu - pachitsuwa ichi, padyo nazvo, uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzeJapan. Kuisa chimwe chinhu chisingaonekwe kwaizoita kuti chinyangarike, kana kuremedza zvizvarwa zvemberi nedzimwe mhando nazvo - izvo zvaive sezviri kugutsa.
"Pakati pa1944 na1970," Mitchell anotiudza, "Mauto eU.S. akarasa mamirioni makumi maviri nemaviri makirogiramu emastard neasinga tsinga, uye matani makumi mana nemakumi mana nemashanu emarara anouraya mwenje mugungwa. Mune rimwe remazita anodiwa nePentagon, Operation CHASE (Cut Holes and Sink 'Em) yaisanganisira kurongedza ngarava nezvombo zvakajairika uye zvemakemikari, kuzviisa mugungwa, nekuzvimenya mumvura yakadzika. ”
United States haina kungoita nuke maguta maviri eJapan uye nharaunda yakafara kwakapararira nemwaranzi, asiwo zvimwe zviwi zvakawanda. Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rakapa zvitsuwa kuUnited States kuti zvichengetedzwe zvakanaka uye kuvandudzwa kwe "democracy," uye zvakavatora - kusanganisira Bikini Atoll iyo nyika yaive nehunhu hwekudaidza mbichana mbichana mushure, asi kwete kuchengetedza, uye kwete kuripa vanhu vakamanikidzwa kubuda uye vachiri kutadza kudzoka zvakanaka (vakaedza kubva muna1972 kusvika 1978 nemhedzisiro yakaipa). Zvitsuwa zvezvitsuwa zvakasiyana siyana, kana zvisina kuparadzwa zvachose, zvaparadzwa nemwaranzi: ivhu, zvirimwa, mhuka, negungwa rakakomberedza uye sealife. Iyo radioactive marara yakaburitswa yanga isiri dambudziko, tenda kunaka!, Nekuti zvese zvaidikanwa kwaive kuzviviga kuti zvisaonekwe, semuenzaniso pasi pekongiri dome paRunit Island iyo yakavimbiswa kugara kwemakore mazana maviri ezviuru asi iri kutsemuka kare.
PaOkinawa mamwe mazana maviri ematani matani easina kuputika WWII odnance anoramba ari muvhu, nguva nenguva achiuraya, uye angangotora mamwe makore makumi manomwe kuchenesa. Asi izvi ndizvo zvidiki zvezvinetso. IUnited States payakapedza kudonhedza Napalm nemabhomba, yakashandura Okinawa ikava nyika yainzi "murwi usina tsarukano wePacific." Yakafambisa vanhu mumisasa yevasungwa kuitira kuti igone kuvaka mabheseni uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza zvombo uye nzvimbo dzekuyedza zvombo. Yakasiya mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezviuru kubva pavanhu mazana mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu nevashanu, vachishandisa nzira dzakapfava senge misodzi yemisodzi
Payaipfapfaidza mamirioni emarita eAgent Orange uye mimwe mishonga inouraya kuuraya kuVietnam, mauto eUnited States airitumira mauto nemaoko kubva kuOkinawa, uko chikoro chepakati chakatambura nenjodzi yezvombo zvemakemikari mumaawa makumi mana nemasere emauto ekutanga kutumirwa. kuenda kuVietnam, uye zvakatowedzera kubva ipapo. IU.SA yakaedza zvombo zvemakemikari uye zvipenyu kuOkinawans nemauto eUS kuOkinawa. Mamwe emakemikari zvombo anochengeterwa kwaakatumira kuJohnston Atoll mushure mekunge Oregon neAlaska varamba. Zvimwe zvakarasirwa mugungwa (mumidziyo izvo zvave kusakara), kana kupiswa, kana kuvigwa, kana kutengeswa kune vemo vasina fungidziro. Yakakandawo zvombo zvenyukireya mugungwa pedyo neOkinawa netsaona, kaviri.
Zvombo zvakagadzirwa uye kuyedzwa muOkinawa zvakaendeswa kuVietnam, kusanganisira napalm yakasimba zvakakwana kupisa nyama pasi pemvura, uye yakasimba CS gasi. Makwenzi-akanyorwa makemikari akaomeswa akashandiswa muchivande pakutanga, nekuti United States yaisaziva kuti inogona kutarisira pasirese kubvuma chirevo chayo chekuti kunongedza zvirimwa kwete vanhu (kunze kwekukuvara kwechibvumirano) kwakaita kuti zvive pamutemo kushandisa zvombo zvemakemikari . Asi mishonga yesora yakauraya hupenyu hwese. Vakaita kuti masango anyarare. Vakauraya vanhu, vakavarwarisa, uye vakavapa hurema hwekuzvara. Ivo vachiri kudaro. Uye zvinhu izvi zvakasaswa paOkinawa, zvakachengetwa paOkinawa, ndokuvigwa muOkinawa. Vanhu vakapikisa, sezvichaita vanhu. Uye mu1973, makore maviri mushure mekurambidza kushandiswa kwevanouraya zvinosvibisa mweya muVietnam, mauto eUS akavashandisa kurwisa vasina kuratidzira kuOkinawa.
Ehe, mauto eUS akanyepa, ndokunyepa, ndokunyepa zvimwe pamusoro peichi chinhu chechinhu. Mu2013, muOkinawa, vanhu vanoshanda panhandare yenhabvu vakachera mabharandi 108 eAgent uyu uye iwo iwo ruvara rwehupfu. Akatarisana nehumboo, mauto eUS akangoramba achinyepa.
"Kunyangwe varwi vemuUS vari kungogamuchira kururamisira zvishoma nezvishoma," Mitchell anonyora, "hapana kumbove nerubatsiro rwakadai kune veOkinawans, uye hurumende yeJapan hapana zvayakaita kuvabatsira. Munguva yeHondo yeVietnam, zviuru makumi mashanu zvevaOkinawans vakashanda pazvivakwa, asi havana kuongororwa matambudziko ehutano, kana varimi veIejima kana vagari vanogara pedyo neCamp Schwab, MCAS Futenma, kana nzvimbo yekurasa marara yenhandare yenhabvu. ”
Mauto eUS anga achimhanya-mhanya kuita muponesi wepasi. Inoisa pasi rose, kusanganisira United States, iine dioxin, uranium yakapera, napalm, mabhomba emasumbu, tsvina yenyukireya, zvombo zvenyukireya, uye nhepfenyuro isina kuzivikanwa. Nheyo dzayo dzinowanzoreva kodzero yekushanda kunze kwemutemo. Yayo mhenyu-moto (hondo yekudzidzira) nzvimbo dzine chepfu dzakakomberedza nzvimbo dzine mvura inouraya runoff. Pakati pa1972 na2016, Misasa Hansen neSchwab paOkinawa zvakakonzeresa dzinosvika mazana matanhatu emoto wemasango. Zvino pane kurasa mafuta pamusoro penzvimbo, kupwanya ndege muzvivakwa, uye ese akasiyana maSNAFU akadaro.
Uyezve pane furo yekudzimisa moto uye makemikari anogara achitaurwa sePFAS, uye akanyorwa nezvakawanda naPat Mukuru pano. Mauto eUS akaisa chepfu yakawanda yemvura yepasi muOkinawa neyakaonekwa kusarangwa, kunyangwe achiziva nezve njodzi kubvira 1992 kana yapfuura.
Okinawa haina kusarudzika. United States ine mabheseni munyika dzakakomberedza iyo Pacific uye mumatanhatu emakoloni uko vanhu vanobata yechipiri-kirasi chinzvimbo - nzvimbo senge Guam. Iyo zvakare ine zvihombe zvinoparadza nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakaitwa kumatunhu, seHawaii neAlaska.
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