NaNick Turse, TomDispatch
Usafunge kuti fadhi ye "kuchera machakwi" yakatanga munzira yemushandirapamwe naDonald Trump. Izvo hazvina kudaro, kunyange zvazvo "madhakwi" aifanira kudonhedzwa mumazuva mushure mekurwiswa kwe9 / 11 kwakanga kusiri muWashington; yakanga iri yepasi rose. Zvechokwadi, iyo ndiyo nhoroondo yekare, anopfuura makore gumi nemashanu. Ndiani anotorangarira nguva iyoyo, kunyangwe isu tichiri kurarama nekudonha kwayo - neiyo mazana ezviuru akafa uye mamiriyoni evapoteri, neIslamophobia neISIS, naPresident-vakasarudzwa VaTrump, vakasiya basa Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, uye zvakadaro zvimwe?
Mukumuka kusingagumi kweimwe yehondo dzakaipa kwazvo munhoroondo yeAmerica, kupinda muna 2003 nekugara muIraq, zvakaoma kufungidzira chero nyika kunze kweiyo yatinayo, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kukanganwa izvo vakuru vakuru veBush. manejimendi akafunga kuti vaizozadzisa ne "Global War on Terror". Ndiani anorangarira iko zvino kukurumidza uye nechido kwavakaita kusvetukira muchirongwa chekudonhedza dhawi repasi rose remapoka emagandanga (pavanenge vachibuda veTaliban ndokuzo "decapitating"hutongi hweIraqi hwaSaddam Hussein)? Chinangwa chavo chikuru: imperium yeAmerica muGreater Middle East (uye gare gare inofungidzirwa yepasirese Pax Americana) Vaive, nemamwe mazwi, varoti vezvematongerwo enyika vekutanga.
Pasina vhiki mushure me9/11, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld anga atove kupika kuti mushandirapamwe wenyika yose uchauya “waizopedza machakwi avanogara maari.” Kwapera vhiki chete, pamusangano weNATO, Mutevedzeri weMunyori weDziviriro Paul Wolfowitz akasimbisa kuti, "apo tichaedza kutsvaga nyoka dzose mumachakwi, musimboti wezano iri kunyura machakwi [pachawo]." Pakazosvika Chikumi aitevera, muhurukuro yekutanga kuWest Point, Mutungamiri George W. Bush vaizodaro taura anodada nechishuwo chekutonga kwake kudonhedza dhavi re "magandanga" mu "60 kana kupfuura nyika" dzinoshamisa.
Kufanana neWashington yaDonald Trump, yakaratidza kuti ndiyo yakanyanya nyore yemachakwi kufungidzira kudhiraivha. Kune vakuru vakuru veBush manejimendi kutanga hondo yepasi rose yehugandanga yaiita senge nzira yakakwana yekushandura hunhu hwenyika yedu - uye, neimwe nzira, vaive vasina kukanganisa. Sezvakaitika, zvisinei, panzvimbo yekuchera machakwi nekupinda kwavo uye nemabasa, ivo vakapinda mune imwe. Hondo yavo yekutyisa yaizoratidza kuti a njodzi isingaperi, kugadzira kwakakundikana kana nyika dzakakundikana zvakawanda uye kubatsira kugadzira mamiriro akakwana emhirizhonga uye chigumbu umo mapoka echiIslam anonyanyisa, kusanganisira ISIS, anogona kubudirira.
Yakashandurawo hunhu hwemauto eUS nenzira iyo vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica havasati vauya kuzobata nayo. Nekuda kwehondo iyoyo yechigarire mhiri kweGreater Middle East uye gare gare Africa, mauto echipiri akavanzika ezviyero zvinokatyamadza aizosimudzirwa mukati memauto eUS aripo, mauto ari kuramba achikura eSpecial Operations Command. Ndivo avo, kana zvichitaurwa, vaizova madhirezi emvura. TomDispatch dzose Nick Turse agara achitevera kusimukira kwavo uye kupararira kwavo pasi rose - kubva, sekutaura kwaanoita nhasi, nyika dzinoshamisa makumi matanhatu pagore muna 60 kusvika kune dzinoshamisa 2009 nyika muna 138. tichitanga kurwisa uye kurwisa magandanga munzvimbo yakakura yepasi (kusanganisira, hongu, kutora Osama bin Laden muAbbottabad, Pakistan, mu2016). Mukuita kudaro, vaizoiswa mumasangano nenzira dzakawanda, kunyange mapoka emagandanga avairwisana nawo akaramba achipararira.
Zvimwe unogona kutaura kuti havana kunyanya kunyura machakwi semvura inoyerera. Nhasi, sezvatinoswedera kunguva itsva yaDonald Trump, Turse anopa mushumo wake wazvino pamusoro pekusimuka kwavo uye ramangwana rinogoneka. Tom
Gore reCommando
U.S. Special Operations Forces Inoendesa ku138 Nations, 70% yeNyika dzeNyika
By Nick TurseIvo vanogona kuwanikwa kunze kweSirte, Ribhiya, vachitsigira varwi vemunharaunda, uye muMukalla, Yemeni, vachitsigira mauto anobva kuUnited Arab Emirates. KuSaakow, nzvimbo iri kure iri kumaodzanyemba Somaria, vakabatsira mauto emunharaunda kuuraya nhengo dzakawanda dzeboka remagandanga al-Shabab. Yakapoterera maguta eJarabulus neAl-Rai kuchamhembe Siriya, vakabatana nemauto eTurkey nemauto eSyria, ukuwo vachibatana nevarwi veKurdish YPG neSyrian Democratic Forces. Mhiri kwebhodha mukati Iraki, vamwewo vakapinda muhondo yekusunungura guta reMosul. Uye mu Afuganisitani, vakabatsira mauto emunyika mumabasa akasiyana-siyana, sezvavakaita gore negore kubvira muna 2001.
KuAmerica, 2016 inogona kunge iri gore re commando. Mune imwe nzvimbo yekurwisana mushure meimwe mhiri kwechikamu chekuchamhembe kweAfrica neGreater Middle East, mauto eU.S. Special Operations (SOF) akarwa hondo yemhando yakaderera. "Kukunda kurwa kwazvino, kusanganisira kurwisa Islamic State, al-Qaeda, nedzimwe nzvimbo uko SOF iri kurwisana nekusagadzikana, idambudziko riripo," mukuru weU.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM), General Raymond Thomas, Akaudzwa Dare reSenate Armed Services Committee gore rapfuura.
Mimvuri yeSOCOM inorwa nemapoka emagandanga akaita seal-Qaeda neIslamic State (inozivikanwawo seISIL) inogona, zvinoshamisa, kuve mashandiro ayo anonyanya kuoneka. Yakafukidzwa nekuvanzika kwakawedzera zviitiko zvayo - kubva mukupikisa uye kuedza kwekurwisa zvinodhaka kusvika kune kudzidziswa kusingagumi uye mishoni yekuraira - kunze kwenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzegakava pasi rose. Izvi zvinoitiswa zvisinganyanyi kufarira, kuburitswa kwenhau, kana kutarisisa munyika dzakawanda zuva rega rega. Kubva kuAlbania kuenda kuUruguay, Algeria kuenda kuUzbekistan, mauto eAmerica ane hunyanzvi - Navy SEALs neArmy Green Berets pakati pavo - akaendeswa kunyika zana nemakumi matatu nesere muna 138, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakapihwa TomDispatch neU.S. Special Operations Command. Huwandu uhu, humwe hwepamusoro-soro hwehutungamiriri hwaBarack Obama, hunofananidzira chave zera regoridhe, muSOF-taura, "grey zone" - mutsara unoshandiswa kutsanangura kusviba pakati pehondo nerunyararo. Gore rinouya rinogona kuratidza kuti nguva ino inopera naVaObama here kana kuti inoenderera mberi pasi pehutongi hwaVaDonald Trump.
“Mumakore mashoma apfuura, takaona mamiriro ezvinhu etyisidziro akasiyana-siyana uye ari kuchinja anosanganisira: kutanga kweChina inoda kuwedzera zvehondo; kuwedzera kusingafungidziriki North Korea; a revanchist Russia inotyisidzira zvatinoda muEurope neAsia; uye Iran inoramba ichiwedzera simba rayo kuMiddle East, ichikurudzira kurwisana kweSunni-Shia, "General Thomas akanyora mwedzi wapera PRISM, chinyorwa chepamutemo chePentagon's Center for Complex Operations. "Vasiri vezvematongerwo enyika vanopesanisa nyika iyi nekushandisa magandanga, matsotsi, uye masangano evapanduki anokanganisa hutongi mune ese asi nyika dzakasimba ... Masevhisi akasarudzika anopa kugona uye mhinduro kumatambudziko aya."
Muna 2016, maererano nedata rakapihwa kune TomDispatch neSOCOM, iyo US yakatumira vashandi vakasarudzika kuChina (kunyanya Hong Kong), mukuwedzera kune gumi nerimwe nyika dzakaipoteredza - Taiwan (iyo China inoona se breakaway province), Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, India, Laos, Philippines, South Korea, uye Japan. Special Operations Command haibvume kutumira macommandos kuIran, North Korea, kana Russia, asi inoendesa mauto kumarudzi mazhinji anoaridza.
SOCOM inoda kudoma chete 129 yenyika dze138 mauto ayo akaendeswa kune 2016. "Anenge ese maSpecial Operations mauto akaiswa akaiswa," mutauriri Ken McGraw akaudza. TomDispatch. "Kana kuendeswa kune imwe nyika kusati kwaitwa declassified, isu hatiburitse ruzivo nezve kuendeswa."
SOCOM haina, semuenzaniso, kubvuma kutumira mauto kunzvimbo dzehondo dze Somaria, Siriya, kana Yemeni, kunyangwe humbowo hwakakura hwekuvapo kweUS special ops munyika dzese nhatu, pamwe nerepoti yeWhite House, yakapihwa mwedzi wapfuura, kuti. manotsi "United States parizvino iri kushandisa mauto mu" Somalia, Syria, neYemen, uye inotaura zvakananga kuti "U.S. mauto akasarudzika akaendesa kuSyria. "
Zvinoenderana neSpecial Operations Command, 55.29% yevashandisi vakaendeswa mhiri kwemakungwa muna 2016 vakatumirwa kuGreater Middle East, kuderera kwe35% kubva 2006. Munguva imwe cheteyo, kutumirwa kuAfrica. skyrocketed nevanopfuura 1600% - kubva pa1% chete yevashandisi vakasarudzika vakatumirwa kunze kweUS muna 2006 kusvika 17.26% gore rapfuura. Iwo matunhu maviri aya akateverwa nenzvimbo dzakashandirwa neEuropean Command (12.67%), Pacific Command (9.19%), Southern Command (4.89%), uye Northern Command (0.69%), inotungamira "yekudzivirira kwenyika." Pazuva ripi neripi, vanenge zviuru zvisere zvemacommandos aThomas vanogona kuwanikwa munyika dzinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe pasi rese.
The Manhunters
"Special Operations mauto ari kuita basa rakakosha mukuunganidza hungwaru - hungwaru huri kutsigira kurwisa ISIL uye kubatsira kurwisa kuyerera kwevarwi vekunze kuenda nekubva kuSyria neIraq," akatiLisa Monaco, mubatsiri wemutungamiri wenyika nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika nekurwisa hugandanga, mumashoko kuInternational Special Operations Forces Convention gore rapfuura. Kuita kwehungwaru kwakadai "kunoitwa mukutsigira zvakananga kweakakosha mamishini," Thomas weSOCOM. akatsanangura muna 2016. “Kusamira zvakanaka kwezvinhu zveungwaru zvemashandisirwo akatsaurirwa kutsvaga vanhu, kuvheneka mambure evavengi, kunzwisisa nharaunda, uye vabatsiri vanotsigira.”
Zviratidzo zvehungwaru kubva kumakombuta nenharembozha zvinopihwa nevanodyidzana nevekunze kana kubatwa nekuongorora drones uye nendege ine vanhu, pamwe nehungwaru hwevanhu hwakapihwa neCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA), hwave hwakakosha pakunongedza vanhu kuuraya / kutora mishoni nemauto eSOCOM epamusoro. Iyo yakavanzika kwazvo Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), semuenzaniso, inoita mabasa ehugandanga akadai, kusanganisira drone inorwa, raids, uye kuurayiwa munzvimbo dzakaita seIraq neLibya. Gore rapfuura, asati achinjana kuraira kweJSOC kune yemubereki wayo, SOCOM, General Thomas akadaro kuti nhengo dzeJoint Special Operations Command dzanga dzichishanda "munyika dzese idzo ISIL pari zvino." (Izvi zvinogona inoratidza a special ops deployment to Pakisitani, imwe nyika isipo kubva kuSOCOM's 2016 runyorwa.)
"[W] takaisa Joint Special Operations Command yedu pamberi pekurwisa mashandiro eISIL ekunze. Uye isu takatowana mhedzisiro yakakosha mukudzikisa kuyerera kwevarwi vekunze uye kubvisa vatungamiriri veISIL munhandare yehondo, "Munyori weDziviriro Ash Carter. akadaro mune isingawanzo kutaurwa zviri pamutemo nezve mashandiro eJSOC pamusangano wevatori venhau waGumiguru.
Mwedzi wapfuura, iye vakapa zvakatowanda zvakadzama mukutaura pamberi peSeneti Armed Services Committee:
"Tiri kubvisa hutungamiri hweISIL zvine hurongwa: mubatanidzwa watora nhengo nomwe dzeISIL Senior Shura… Takabvisawo vatungamiriri vakakosha veISIL muLibya neAfghanistan… Uye takabvisa munhandare yehondo vanopfuura makumi maviri vevanoshanda kunze kweISIL uye Takaisa chikamu ichi chemushandirapamwe kune mumwe [weDhipatimendi reDziviriro] ane utsinye, anokwanisa, uye ane ruzivo rwemirairo, Joint Special Operations Command yedu, iyo yakabatsira kupa kururamisira kwete kuna Osama Bin Laden chete, asiwo kumurume. akavamba sangano rakazova ISIL, Abu-Musab al-Zarqawi. "
Achibvunzwa nezveruzivo rwekuti vangani ISIL "vashandisi vekunze" vakanangwa uye vangani "vakabviswa" munhandare yehondo neJSOC muna 2016, Ken McGraw weSOCOM akapindura: "Hatina uye hatina kana chinhu kwauri."
Paakanga ari mutungamiriri weJSOC muna 2015, General Thomas akataura nezve "kushushikana" kwake nechikamu chake pamwe nekupikiswa kwavakaiswa pavari. "Ndinoudzwa 'kwete' kupfuura 'enda' pamwero wegumi kusvika kune rimwe zuva nezuva," akadaro. akati. Zvisinei, munaNovember apfuura Washington PostZvinonzi kuti hutongi hwaObama hwaipa boka reJSOC "rakawedzera simba rekutevera, kuronga uye kutangisa kurwisa masero emagandanga pasi rose." Iyo Counter-External Operations Task Force (inozivikanwawo se "Ex-Ops") "yakagadzirirwa kutora modhi yakananga yeJSOC ... uye kuitumira pasi rose kuti iende mushure memagandanga ari kuronga kurwisa West."
SOCOM inopokana zvikamu zve Post nyaya. "Hapana SOCOM kana chimwe chezvinhu zviri pasi payo ... yakapihwa masimba akawedzerwa (zviremera)," Ken McGraw weSOCOM akaudza. TomDispatch neemail. "Chero mashandiro angangoita anofanirwa kutenderwa nemukuru weGCC [Geographic Combatant Command] [uye], kana zvichidikanwa, anobvumidzwa neMunyori weDziviriro kana [mutungamiri wenyika]."
“U.S. vakuru” (vakataura chete nechikonzero chekuti vazivikanwe nenzira isina kujeka) vakatsanangura kuti mhinduro yeSOCOM yaive nyaya yekuona. Masimba ayo haana kuzowedzerwa nguva pfupi yadarika zvakanyanya sekuiswa uye kuiswa "mukunyora," TomDispatch akaudzwa. "Kutaura chokwadi, sarudzo yakaitwa mwedzi yapfuura yaive yekubatanidza maitiro azvino, kwete kugadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva." Special Operations Command yakaramba kusimbisa izvi asi Colonel Thomas Davis, mumwe mutauriri weSOCOM, akati: "Hapana kwatakataura kuti pakanga pasina kodhi."
NeEx-Ops, General Thomas "mugadziri wesarudzo kana zvasvika pakutevera kutyisidzira pasi pebasa reboka," according ku Washington PostThomas Gibbons-Neff naDan Lamothe. "Chikwata chebasa chaizoshandura Thomas kuti ave mutungamiriri kana zvasvika pakutumira maSpecial Operations units mushure mekutyisidzirwa." Vamwe murandu Thomas akangowedzera pesvedzero, zvichimubvumira kuti akurudzire zvakananga chirongwa chekuita, sekurova chinangwa, kuna Secretary of Defense, achibvumira kupfupikiswa kwemvumo nguva. (SOCOM's McGraw anoti Thomas "achange asiri kuraira mauto kana kuve mugadziri weSOF inoshanda mune chero yeGCC's [nzvimbo yekushanda].")
MunaNovember wapfuura, Munyori weDziviriro Carter akapa chiratidzo chekuwanda kwemaitiro anogumbura zvichitevera kushanya kuFlorida Hurlburt Field, iyo. headquarters yeAir Force Special Operations Command. Iye akadaro kuti “nhasi tanga tichitarisa huwandu hweSpecial Operations forces’ kurwisa kugona. Iri imhando yekugona yatinoshandisa mazuva ese kune imwe nzvimbo pasirese… Uye inonyanya kukosha kumushandirapamwe we-ISIL watiri kuita nhasi. "
MuAfghanistan, chete, Special mauto Ekushandisa yakaita mhirizhonga mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu yakanangana neAl-Qaeda neIslamic State anoshanda gore rapfuura, avhareji imwechete pazuva, nekubata kana kuuraya vangangosvika makumi mashanu "vatungamiriri" pamwe ne350 "nhengo" dzemapoka emagandanga, according kuna General John Nicholson, mukuru mukuru weU.S. munyika iyoyo. Mamwe masosi futi anoratidza kuti nepo JSOC neCIA drones dzichibhururuka dzinenge dzakaenzana nhamba yemamishini muna 2016, mauto akatanga kurohwa kwe20,000 muAfghanistan, Yemen, neSyria, zvichienzaniswa neasingasviki gumi nemaviri neAgency. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza sarudzo yekutonga kwaObama kuita a chirongwa chakafungwa kwenguva refu kuisa JSOC kutungamira mabasa anouraya uye kushandura CIA kudzokera kumabasa ayo ehungwaru.
World pamusoro Warcraft
"[Ini] zvakakosha kuti ndinzwisise kuti sei SOF yasimuka kubva pazasi uye inotsigira mutambi kuita basa guru, nekuti kushandiswa kwayo kunoratidzawo chikonzero nei US ichiramba ichinetseka mumishandirapamwe yazvino - Afghanistan, Iraq, kurwisa ISIS neAQ uye yayo. vanobatana, Libya, Yemen, nezvimwewo uye mumakwikwi asina kuziviswa muBaltics, Poland, neUkraine - hapana inoenderana neUS modhi yehondo yechinyakare, " akati Retitenendi General Charles Cleveland, akasiya basa, mukuru weUS Army Special Operations Command kubva muna 2012 kusvika 2015 uye iye zvino ave chipangamazano mukuru kumukuru wevashandi veArmy's Strategic Studies Group. Achitaura kuti, pakati pematambudziko akakura emakakatanwa aya, kugona kwemauto eAmerica emauto ekuuraya / kutora mishoni uye kudzidzisa vanobatana munharaunda kwakaratidza kunobatsira, akawedzera, "SOF iri pakugona kwayo kana kugona kwayo kwechivanhu uye kwakananga-kuita basa kunoshanda. mukutsigirana. Kupfuura Afghanistan neIraq uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuita CT [kurwisa hugandanga] kumwe kunhu, SOF inoramba ichishanda nenyika dzinodyidzana mukurwisa mhirizhonga uye kuedza kwekurwisa zvinodhaka muAsia, Latin America, neAfrica.
SOCOM inobvuma kutumirwa kune angangoita makumi manomwe muzana epasirese nyika, kusanganisira ese kunze kwenyika nhatu dzeCentral neSouth America (Bolivia, Ecuador, neVenezuela zviri izvo zvisirizvo). Vashandi vayo vanofukidzawo Asia, pavanenge vachiita mamishinari munharaunda dzinosvika makumi matanhatu kubva muzana dzenyika dzeAfrica.
Kutumirwa kweSOF mhiri kwemakungwa kunogona kuita kudiki semushandisi akasarudzika ari kutora chikamu muchirongwa chekunyudzwa kwemutauro kana boka revanhu vatatu rinoitisa "ongororo" yemumiriri weU.S. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kunge zvisina chekuita nehurumende yenyika inotambira kana mauto. Mazhinji Akakosha Mashandiro mauto, zvisinei, anoshanda nevadyidzani veko, vachiita maekisesaizi ekurovedza uye kuita izvo zvinonzi nemauto "kuvaka shamwari kugona" (BPC) uye "security kubatana" (SC). Kazhinji, izvi zvinoreva kuti mauto eAmerica epamusoro-soro anotumirwa kunyika dzine mauto ekuchengetedza ayo anogara aripo yataurwa yekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu neU.S. State Department. Gore rakapera muAfrica, uko Special Operations mauto shandisa zvingangosvika makumi maviri ezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana - kubva pakudzidzira maekisesaizi kusvika kune kuchengetedza kubatana kwekuita - izvi zvinosanganisira Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kameruni, Democratic Republic of Congo, Jibhuti, Kenya, Mali, Mauritaniya, Naija, Naijeriya, Tanzania, uye Uganda, Pakati pevamwe.
Muna 2014, semuenzaniso, anopfuura 4,800 mauto epamusoro akatora chikamu mumhando imwe chete yezviitiko zvakadaro - Joint Combined Exchange Training (JCET) mishoni - pasi rese. Pamutengo unodarika mamirioni makumi mashanu neshanu emadhora, Navy SEALs, Army Green Berets, uye mamwe maoperator akasarudzika akaita 56 yega maJCET munyika makumi masere nenomwe. Ongororo ye176 RAND Corporation yenzvimbo dzakafukidzwa neAfrica Command, Pacific Command, uye Southern Command yakawana "zvine mwero" kushanda kweJCET mumatunhu ese matatu. A 87 RAND ongororo yekubatana kwekuchengetedza kweUS, iyo yakaongororawo zvinorehwa ne "yepasi-yetsoka Special Operations mauto kuedza," yakaona kuti "pakange pasina hukama hwakakosha pakati peSC uye shanduko mukusasimba kwenyika muAfrica kana kuMiddle East." Uye mumushumo we2015 weJoint Special Operations University, Harry Yarger, mumwe mukuru pachikoro, akadaro kuti "BPC munguva yakapfuura yakashandisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda kuti idzoke."
Pasinei nemigumisiro iyi uye kukundikana kukuru kwemaitiro mukati Iraki, Afuganisitani, uye Ribhiya, makore aObama anga ari zera regoridhe regrey zone. Nyika zana nemakumi matatu nesere dzakashanyirwa nevanoshanda muUS muna 138, semuenzaniso, dzinomiririra kusvetuka kwe2016% kubva pakupera kwemazuva ekutonga kweBush. Kunyangwe ivo vachimiririrawo kudonha kwe130% zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwegore rapfuura, 6 inoramba iri mumhando yepamusoro yemakore aObama, ayo akaona kutumirwa 75 nyika muna 2010, 120 Mu 2011, 134 mu2013, uye 133 muna 2014, isati yasvika 147 Vachibvunzwa nezvechikonzero chekudzikira zvishoma, mutauriri weSOCOM Ken McGraw akapindura, "Tinopa SOF kuti isangane nemirairo yemauto' yerutsigiro kuhurongwa hwavo hwekubatana kwekuchengetedza theatre. Sezviri pachena, pakanga paine nyika pfumbamwe shoma [uko] maGCC aive nechisungo chekuti SOF itumire kwairi mu[Fiscal Year 2015]20.
Kuwedzera kwekutumirwa pakati pe2009 ne2016 - kubva kune nyika makumi matanhatu kusvika kune zvakapetwa kaviri izvo - kunoratidza kukwira kwakafanana kwevashandi veSOCOM (kubva pa60 kusvika ku56,000) uye mubhajeti rayo rekutanga (kubva pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe emadhora). Haisi chakavanzika chokuti tempo yekushanda yakawedzerawo zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo murairo wakaramba kupindura mibvunzo kubva TomDispatch Pane nyaya.
"SOF yakatakura mutoro unorema mukuita mabasa aya, ichitambura nhamba yakakura yevakakuvara mumakore masere apfuura uye kuchengetedza yakanyanya kushanda tempo (OPTEMPO) iyo yakawedzera kuomesera vashandi vakasarudzika nemhuri dzavo," inoverenga Chirevo chaGumiguru 2016 chakaburitswa neVirginia-based think tank CNA. (Chirevo ichi chakabuda mumusangano vakapinda nevatanhatu vaimbove vatungamiriri vemabasa akakosha, aimbove mutevedzeri wemunyori wezvekudzivirirwa, uye akawanda evanoshanda-basa rinokosha vanoshanda.)
Nguva yeAmerica yeCommando
Mwedzi wapera, pamberi peSeneti Armed Services Committee, Shawn Brimley, aimbova director wehurongwa hwekuronga nezvevashandi veNational Security Council uye zvino mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weCentre for a New American Security, echoed mhedziso dzinoshushikana dzemushumo weCNA. Pakunzwa nezve "zvinetso zvekudzivirira zveUS uye kutyisidzira kwepasirese," Brimley akati "SOF yakaiswa pamitengo isati yamboitika, ichiisa kushushikana kukuru pauto" uye akadana hutongi hwaTrump kuti "vagadzirire hurongwa hwenguva refu hwekurwisa hugandanga. ” Mupepa rakabudiswa muna Zvita, Kristen Hajduk, aimbove chipangamazano weSpecial Operations uye Irregular Warfare muHofisi yeMutevedzeri Secretary of Defense for Special Operations uye Low-Intensity Conflict uye zvino mumwe munhu ari kuCentre for Strategic and International Studies, akadaidzira kudzikiswa kwemitengo yekuendesa kune Special. Operations masimba.
Nepo Donald Trump akataura kuti mauto eUS akazara "kupera”Uye ave akadana nekuwedzera saizi yeHondo neMarines, haana kupa chiratidzo chekuti anoronga kutsigira kumwe kuwedzera kwehukuru hweakakosha ops mauto. Uye munguva pfupi yapfuura sarudza imwe yekare Navy CHISIMBISO kuti vashande semunyori wezvemukati menyika, VaTrump vapa zviratidzo zvishoma zvemashandisiro avangaita vashandi vakasarudzika vari kushandira izvozvi.
"Drone inorova," akadaro zvakaziviswa mune imwe yeasina kujairika anotsanangura nezve akakosha mamishini, "icharamba iri chikamu chehurongwa hwedu, asi isu tichatsvagawo kutora-yakakwirira-yakakosha tarisiro kuti tiwane ruzivo rwunodiwa kuputsa masangano avo." Munguva pfupi yapfuura, pamusangano wekukunda kuNorth Carolina, VaTrump vakataura zvakananga kumauto epamusoro achave pasi pekuraira kwake. “Mauto edu Akakosha kuFort Bragg anga ari muromo wepfumo mukurwisa hugandanga. Dingindira reMauto Anokosha Emauto edu ndero‘kusunungura vakadzvinyirirwa,’ uye ndizvo chaizvo zvave zvichiita uye zvavacharamba vachiita. Panguva ino chaiyo, mauto eFort Bragg akaiswa munyika makumi mapfumbamwe pasi rese, ”akadaro Akaudzwa chaunga.
Mushure mekuita senge vachiratidza kutsigira kwavo kuenderera mberi, vakasununguka-vanodzvinyirirwa mauto akakosha, VaTrump vakaratidzika kuchinja maitiro, vachiwedzera, "Hatidi kuve nemauto apera nekuti tiri kwese uko tichirwa. nzvimbo dzatisingafaniri kunge tichirwirana madziri… Uku kuparara kwekupindira uye mhirizhonga kunofanira pakupedzisira, vanhu, kusvika kumagumo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvisinei, akapikira kuti U.S. yaizokurumidza “kukunda masimba echigandanga.” Kuti izvi zviitike, Lieutenant General Michael Flynn, aimbova mutungamiriri wehungwaru. JSOC uyo akasarudzwa nemutungamiri wenyika kuti ashande sechipangamazano chezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, akavimbisa kuti hutongi hutsva huchaongorora zvakare masimba emauto kurwisa Islamic State - zvichikwanisa kupa rusununguko rwakawanda mukuita sarudzo munhandare yehondo. Kuti izvi zviitike, the Wall Street Journal mishumo kuti Pentagon iri kugadzira zvikumbiro zvekudzikisa "White House kutarisisa kwesarudzo dzekushanda" uku "ichifambisa humwe hunyanzvi hwekutonga kuPentagon."
Mwedzi wapera, Mutungamiri Obama vakaenda kuFlorida kuMacDill Air Force Base, imba yeSpecial Operations Command, kuti vape hurukuro yavo yekupokana nehugandanga. "Kwemakore masere andagara pachigaro, hapana zuva apo sangano remagandanga kana mumwe munhu ane utsinye anga asiri kuronga kuuraya vanhu vekuAmerica," akadaro. Akaudzwa chaunga yakazara nemauto. Panguva imwecheteyo, panogona kunge pasina zuva apo mauto epamusoro-soro pasi pekuraira kwake haana kuiswa munyika makumi matanhatu kana kupfuura pasirese.
"Ndichava mutungamiri wekutanga weUnited States kushanda kwematemu maviri akazara munguva yehondo," Obama akawedzera. "Democracies haifanirwe kushanda muhondo ine mvumo zvachose. Izvo hazvina kunaka kumauto edu, hazvina kunaka kudemokrasi yedu. " Migumisiro yehutungamiri hwake hwechigarire-yehondo yave, chaizvoizvo, yakashata, according kune Special Operations Command. Pamakakatanwa masere akaitwa mukati memakore aObama, maererano ne2015 pfupiso slide kubva kune command's intelligence directorate, rekodhi reAmerica rinomira pa zero kuhwina, kurasikirwa kuviri, uye zvisungo zvitanhatu.
Nguva yaObama yaratidza kuti ndiyo "zera re commando.” Nekudaro, seSpecial Operations mauto akachengetedza runyararo rwekushanda, kurwa mukati nekubuda munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzemakakatanwa, kudzidzisa vatsigiri venzvimbo, kuraira vamiriri veko, kukanda mikova, uye kuuraya, masangano emagandanga akave nehanya nechisimba. waridza Mhiri Yakakura Middle East uye Africa.
Mutungamiri wenyika VaDonald Trump inooneka gadzirira kuparadza yakawanda ye Obama nhaka, kubva kumutungamiri wenyika siginidzo yemutemo wehutano kwaari mitemo yezvakatipoteredza, tisingatauri kuchinja nzira kana zvasvika kune imwe nyika mutemo, kusanganisira muhukama ne China, Iran, Izirayeri, uye Rashiya. Kana achizoteerera zano rekudzikisa Obama-level SOF deployment rates zvinoramba zvichionekwa. Gore rinouya, zvakadaro, richapa zviratidzo zvekuti hondo refu yaObama mumumvuri, zera regoridhe regrey zone, rinopona.
