Inguva yekufunga zvakare NATO

NaMedea Benjamin naAlice Slater, The Hill

Donald Trump akatsamwisa dare reDC paakataura kuti NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Alliance, inogona kunge isingachashandi uye US inofanira kuongorora zvakare mashandisiro ayo mumubatanidzwa.Hillary Clinton ashandisa zvakataurwa naTrump semuenzaniso wekuti ane ngozi, akasununguka kanoni. Asi VaTrump vaunza nyaya inofanirwa kuongororwa uye mwedzi uno, apo NATO ichaita Musangano wePagore muWarsaw, Poland muna Chikunguru 8-9, mukana wakanaka wekuita kudaro. Chokwadi, varatidziri vari kuronga kuratidzira muWarsaw panguva yeSummit uye muNew York City kuchave nekuratidzira muna Chikunguru 9 mu Times Square.

Yakagadzirwa mumakore ekutanga eCold War, 1949, neUnited States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, UK, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, neFrance, muna 1952 mubatanidzwa uyu wepashure peWWII waisanganisira Greece uye Turkey, uye yakanga yaramba chikumbiro cheSoviet Union chekujoinha. Muna 1956, apo West Germany yakagamuchirwa kuva nhengo yeNATO, USSR yakaumba Chibvumirano cheWarsaw ichipindura uye Cold War yakanga yatanga, yakazara. Makomba nezvombo zvenyukireya kubva kudivi rimwe nerimwe zvakanongedza zvine hukasha, neUnited States ichimisa zvombo zvenyukireya munyika shanu dzeNATO (Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Italy neTurkey), kwavachiri nanhasi. Dzidziso yeNATO inopa kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvichashandiswa kana zvichidikanwa, pamadiro, pachinzvimbo chenhengo dzayo dzese.

Mushure mekunge rusvingo rweBerlin rwakawa muna 1989 uye Gorbachev nenzira inoshamisa akarega nyika dzose dzeEastern Europe dzakabatwa neSoviet, achipedza Warsaw Pact pasina pfuti, US yakavimbisa Gorbachev kuti kana akasapikisa kubatanidzwa kweEast Germany muNATO, taizoda. usambowedzera NATO mberi kumabvazuva. Russia yakanga yarasikirwa nevanhu vane mamiriyoni 27 mukurwisa kweNazi mukati meHondo Yenyika II uye yakanga ine chikonzero chakanaka chokutya mubatanidzwa wemauto pamiganhu yayo. Pasinei nekuvimbiswa kweUS kuGorbachev, nhasi NATO yakawedzera kuisa nyika gumi nembiri dziri kumabvazuva nepakati peEurope, kusanganisira Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania neCroatia. NATO ikozvino inotambanukira kusvika kumuganhu weRussia, uye yanga ichikurukura kuve nhengo neGeorgia neUkraine.

Mumwe anogona kungofungidzira kuti mhinduro yaizovei muUnited States kana Russia yaizokoka Canada neMexico mumubatanidzwa wayo wemauto. Ngatisakanganwa kuti takaswedera pedyo sei kuhondo apo Soviet Union yakaisa zvombo zvinokandwa muCuba. Uye chikamu chechibvumirano chakaitwa neMutungamiriri wenyika Kennedy neMutungamiriri Khrushchev kuti vabviswe chaive chekubvisa zvombo zveUS kubva muTurkey. Ipapo George W. Bush akatendeuka ndokudzosera zvombo zvakare muTurkey muna 1991, uye zvakangobviswa gore rino mushure mekupokana kukuru kubva kuRussia.

Zvichakadaro, muna 1991 hurumende yeUnited States yakabuda muAnti-Ballistic Missile Treaty yatakanga tasaina neveSoviet muna 1972 ndokuisa mabhesi matsva ezvombo zvinokandwa muPoland neRomania. Kunyangwe zvazvo NATO isina kuita zvechiuto munguva yeCold War, munguva yeHondo yeGulf yekutanga yakatumira mauto kekutanga, ichibva yaita zvisiri pamutemo payakabhomba Yugoslavia pasina mvumo yeUN. The UN Charter, yakazvipira kudzivirira “denda rehondo,” inobvumira nyika kushandisa simba chete mukuzvidzivirira padzinenge dzichityisidzirwa nekurwiswa kwava pedyo, kana kuti payakabvumirwa neSecurity Council, hapana chimwe chazvo chakaitika apo NATO yakabhomba Yugoslavia mu. Hondo yeKosovo ya1999. Kubva ipapo NATO yakatora chikamu muzviito zvakawanda zvechiuto, kusanganisira muIraq, Afghanistan, neLibya. Asi gore rino zvanga zvichinyanya hutsinye uye zvinodenha, zvichiitisa mauto makuru kumiganhu yeRussia.

Hazvibvumirwi zvachose kutora matanho ekutsamwisa apo US neRussia dzine dzinenge 2,000 zvombo zvenyukireya pamusoro pebvudzi rinokonzera chenjedzo, yakatakura zvinokandwa, ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye ndege, dzakagadzikana uye dzakagadzirira kupfura mumaminitsi. Gore rinouya, Pentagon inoronga kupeta mari yemauto muEurope kusvika kumadhora 3.4 bhiriyoni uye kutanga kutenderedza mauto ane zvombo kuburikidza neEastern Europe- mukuwedzera kune mamwe mauto eNATO kuti aendeswe kuPoland neBaltics. Iyo US, iyo huru simba kuseri kweNATO, yatova muhondo inouraya yeproxy kumabvazuva kweUkraine.

Muna Chikumi NATO yakatanga mitambo mikuru yehondo kubva muCold War, ichibatanidza mazana ematangi nejeti, pamwe nemauto zviuru makumi matatu nenomwe kubva kunyika makumi maviri neina. Mitambo yehondo muPoland yaisanganisira kurohwa kwemhepo uye mamiriro ehondo yemagetsi. Zvikwata zvinofambiswa nendege, varwi vetsoka, varapi, mapurisa emauto nevendege vakashanda pamwe chete panguva yese iyi, izvo zvakazoguma nechiitiko chihombe chemoto chinotungamirwa nemauto eUS. Chiitiko chemauto chemauto cheNATO chichangotanga muFinland. Zvichakadaro, kune kuenderera mberi kwe "Saber Strike" kushanda muEstonia, Latvia, neLithuania.

Mumwe anogona kungoshamisika kuti sei, makore makumi maviri neshanu mushure mekupera kweCold War, isu tinozviwana isu tave kukwenya masoja edu, enyukireya uye akajairwa, mune iri dambudziko risingagoneki. Zvirokwazvo nyevero yaPresident Eisenhower kare kare muna 25 yokuti “tinofanira kungwarira kutorwa kwepesvedzero isina kufanira, ingave iri kutsvakwa kana kuti isingatsvaki, nesangano remauto-maindasitiri” inyevero ine simba yanhasi, inopfuura hafu yezana ramakore gare gare. Nguva yasvika yekuparadzira shoko pamusoro pehuipi hunotyisa huri kukonzerwa neNATO pamuganhu weRussia. Nekuparadzana kwazvino kweparadigm yekare mushure mekunge UK ichangobuda muEuropean Union, panogona kuve nekuvhurwa kutsva kweshanduko. Zvinonzi Germany neFrance dzanga dzichitaura nezvekupedza zvirango zvakatemerwa Russia mushure mezviitiko zveUkraine uye dzave kukurudzira kuti NATO isaite hukasha. America zvakare, inogona kuita chikamu chayo kuita zvakanaka pachivimbiso cheUN che "kupedza denda rehondo" nekudzikisira hutsinye hwakananga kuRussia uye kushandira kubviswa kweNATO. Iwe haufanirwe kuve mutsigiri waDonald Trump kuti uzive kuti yave nguva yekufungazve NATO.

Yakatorwa kubva kuChikomo, http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/foreign-policy/286917-time-to-rethink-nato