Sezvakanyorwa mubhuku raDouglas Blackmon, Uranda Neimwe Zita: Kudzorerwazve kweVlack Americans kubva muHondo Yenyika kusvika kuHondo Yenyika II, hurongwa hweuranda muUS South hwakaguma kwenguva yakareba semakore 20 mune dzimwe nzvimbo pakapera hondo yevagari vemuUnited States. Uye zvakare yakadzoka zvakare, mune imwe nzira yakati siyanei, yakapararira, kutonga, inozivikanwa pachena uye inogamuchirwa - kusvika kuHondo Yenyika II. Kutaura zvazviri, mune mamwe maitiro, inoramba iripo nhasi. Asi hazvirambi nhasi muchimiro chekukunda chakatadzisa sangano rekodzero dzevanhu kweanoda kusvika zana. Kuriko nhasi nenzira dzatakasununguka kupikisa nokudzivisa, uye tinokundikana kuita kudaro bedzi mukunyadziswa kwedu timene.
Munguva yekuyedzwa kwakashambadzirwa kwevaridzi vevaranda nekuda kwemhosva yeuranda muna 1903 - miedzo isina chayakaita kugumisa tsika inopararira - the Montgomery Advertiser yakanyorwa nomupepeti wenhau, kuti: “Ruregerero runako rwechiKristu uye kukanganwa kunowanzozorodza, asi vamwe vedu havasati vachizotongokanganwira kana kuti kukanganwa kunyanyisa kunoshurikidza nokwoutsinye kwakaitwa muMaodzanyemba mose navasina maturo navasonganiri vavo vachena, vazhinji vavo vakanga vari vakuru vakuru vehurumende; avo vanhu vedu vakanga vasina simba pamusoro pezviito zvavo.
Ichi chaive chinzvimbo chinotambirwa neveruzhinji muAlabama muna 1903: huranda hunofanirwa kushivirirwa nekuda kwehuipi hwakaitwa neNorth munguva yehondo uye panguva yekubata kwaitevera. Zvakakodzera kufunga kana huranda hungadai hwakapera nekukurumidza dai hwakapera pasina hondo. Kutaura izvo hazvisi, hongu, kutaura kuti muchokwadi hondo isati yatanga yeUnited States yakanga yakasiyana zvakanyanya pane zvayaive, kuti varidzi vevaranda vaida kutengesa kunze, kana kuti rimwe divi raive rakazaruka kune mhinduro isiri yechisimba. Asi nyika zhinji dzakapedza uranda dzakazviita pasina hondo yevagari vemo. Vamwe vakazviita nenzira iyo Washington, DC, yakazviita, kuburikidza nerusununguko rwakabhadharwa.
Dai United States yakapedza uranda pasina hondo uye pasina kupatsanurana, ingadai yakave, netsanangudzo, nzvimbo yakasiyana uye isina chisimba. Asi, pamusoro pazvo, zvingadai zvakadzivirira kutsamwa kwehondo kusati kwapera. Kugumisa rusaruraganda kungadai kwakave muitiro wakareba kwazvo, zvisinei. Asi zvingave zvakapiwa musoro pane kuti tisungirwe ruoko rumwe kumusana. Kuramba kwedu kusindimara kubvuma hondo yevagari vemuUS sechipingaidzo kurusununguko kwete nzira inoenda kwairi, kunotibvumira kuparadza nzvimbo dzakaita seIraq tobva tashamiswa nenguva yeruvengo rwunovapo.
Hondo dzinowana vanyajambwa vatsva kwemakore mazhinji mushure mekunge dzapera, kunyangwe mabhomba ese akatorwa. Ingoedza kufungidzira kururamiswa kwaizoitwa kurwiswa kweIsrael paPalestine kwaive neHondo Yenyika II isina kuitika.
Dai iyo Northern US yakabvumidza iyo Maodzanyemba kuti iparadze, yakagumisa kudzoka kwe "varanda vakatiza," uye yakashandisa nzira dzezvematongerwo enyika uye dzehupfumi kukurudzira maodzanyemba kuti abvise uranda, zvinoita senge zvine musoro kufunga kuti huranda hungadai hwakagara muSouth kupfuura 1865, asi. zvingangoita kwete kusvika 1945. Kutaura izvi, zvakare, kwete kufungidzira kuti zvakaitika chaizvo, kana kuti pakanga pasina vanhu vekuMaodzanyemba vaida kuti zviitike uye vakanga vasina hanya nezvekuguma kwevaAfrica muuranda. Kungoisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kudzivirira kwechinyakare hondo yevagari vemo sekuponda mazana ezviuru zvevanhu kumativi ese kuti vazadzise kunaka kukuru kwekupedza uranda. Uranda hauna kupera.
Mumativi mazhinjisa eMaodzanyemba, gadziriro youtsotsi huduku, kunyange husina revo, hwakadai so“kudzungaira,” hwakaparira tyisidziro yokusungwa nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi mutema. Pakusungwa, murume mutema aizopiwa chikwereti chokubhadhara mumakore okushanda zvakaoma. Nzira yokuzvidzivirira nayo kuti isapinzwa mune mumwe wemazana emisasa yechibharo yakanga iri yokuzvipinza muchikwereti uye pasi pedziviriro yomuridzi wechichena. Iyo 13th Amendment inorambidza huranda kune vanobatwa, uye hapana mutemo unorambidza huranda kusvika kuma1950s. Chaingodiwa pakunyepedzera kuva pamutemo kwaive kuenzana nechikumbiro chemazuva ano.
Haana kungogumira muuranda. Nokuda kwezviuru zvakawanda zvakashatiswa zvikuru. Muridzi wevaranda antebellum kazhinji aive nechido chemari mukuchengetedza munhu akasungwa ari mupenyu uye ane hutano hwakakwana kuti ashande. Mugodhi kana chigayo chakatenga basa remazana evasungwa vaive vasina hanya neramangwana ravo kunze kwenguva yekutongerwa kwavo. Kutaura idi, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzaizotsiva musungwa akafa nomumwe, naizvozvo pakanga pasina chikonzero chemari chokusashanda kusvikira afa. Huwandu hwekufa kwevakarejeswa vasungwa muAlabama hwakanga hwakakwira se45 muzana pagore. Vamwe vakafira mumigodhi vakakandwa muchoto checoke pane kuenda kunhamo kunoviga.
Varanda vekuAmerica mushure me "kupera kweuranda" vakatengwa uye vakatengeswa, vakasungwa nemakumbo nemitsipa usiku, vakarohwa kusvika vafa, vakaputirwa nemvura, uye vakaurayiwa pakuda kwevaridzi vavo, seUS Steel Corporation yakatenga migodhi pedyo neBirmingham uko zvizvarwa. chevanhu “vakasununguka” vakashandirwa kufa pasi pevhu.
Kutyisidzirwa kwechiitiko ichocho kwakarembera pamusoro pemunhu wese mutema asingazvishingirire, pamwe nekutyisidzirwa kwechisimba kwakawedzera mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 pamwe chete nezvikonzero zvitsva zvesainzi zverusaruraganda. “Mwari akagadza murungu wokumaodzanyemba kuti adzidzise zvidzidzo zvoukuru hweAryan,” yakazivisa kudaro shamwari yaWoodrow Wilson Thomas Dixon, munyori webhuku nemutambo. The Clansman, iyo yakava firimu Kuberekwa Kwerudzi.
Mazuva mashanu mushure mekurwiswa kweJapan paPearl Harbor, hurumende yeUS yakafunga kutora zvakakomba kupomera huranda, kurwisa kushoropodzwa kungangoita kubva kuGermany kana Japan.
Makore mashanu mushure meHondo Yenyika II, a boka revaNazi vekare, vamwe vavo vakanga vashandisa basa revaranda mumapako muGermany, vakatanga chitoro muAlabama kuti vashande pakugadzira zviridzwa zvitsva zvorufu uye kufamba muchadenga. Vakawana vanhu veAlabama vachikanganwira zvikuru zviito zvavo zvekare.
Basa remujeri inoenderera mberi muUnited States. Kusungwa kwevanhu vakawanda inoenderera mberi semudziyo wekudzvinyirirwa kwemarudzi. Basa rekurima revaranda inoenderera mberi naizvo. Ndizvo zvinoitawo kushandiswa kwe faindi uye chikwereti kugadzira vasungwa. Uye zvechokwadi, makambani anopika kuti haazomboite zvakaitwa neshanduro dzawo dzekutanga, anowana purofiti kubva kubasa revaranda kumahombekombe ari kure.
Asi chakagumisa huranda hwevazhinji muUnited States zvakanaka kwaisava kuuraya kukuru kwehondo yevagari vemo. Rakanga riri simba risiri rechisimba redzidzo netsika resangano rekodzero dzevanhu zana rakazara gare gare.
