NePat Mukuru, February 1, 2019
Germany iri kusangana nedambudziko rehutano hweveruzhinji nemamirioni avanhu vanogona kusangana nemvura yekumwa yakasvibiswa nePer uye Poly Fluoroalkyl Substances, kana PFAS.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukonzera kusvibiswa kwekemikemikari kunobva pamhepo yakawanda inokonzera mutezo (AFFF) inoshandiswa mukurovedza moto nguva dzose pamisasa yeuto reUnited States. Mushure mekudzima moto, ndokubva wanyura moto unopisa nehutu hunouraya hune PFAS, zvidzidzo zveAmerica zvinobvumira zvinyuchi kuti zvipinde mumvura pasi pano kuti zvisvibise nzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzinoshandisa mvura yakadzika mumatsime avo uye masiseri emvura.
Sekureva kweEnharaunda Dziviriro Agency, (EPA), kuratidzwa kwePFAS "kunogona kukonzera migumisiro yakashata yehutano, kusanganisira kukura mukubereka panguva yekuzvitakura kana kuyamwisa vacheche (semuenzaniso, huremu hwekuzvarwa hushoma, kukurumidza kuyaruka, kusiyanisa kwemabhonzo), gomarara (semuenzaniso. , testicular, itsvo), chiropa (semuenzaniso, kukuvara kwetishu), immune immune (semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwemasero ekudzivirira muviri pamwe nekudzivirira hutachiona), maitiro ehutachiona uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa (semuenzaniso, cholesterol inoshanduka). ” PFAS inobatsirawo micro-penis, uye pasi mbeu yepamusoro muvarume.
Chakavanzika Nhasi zvinyorwa zveMasitendi zvakaendeswa kune Magazini eGermany magazini Volksfreund mu2014 yakaratidza kuti mvura yepasi paRamstein Airbase yaive 264 ug / L kana 264,000 zvikamu patrillion (ppt.) yePFAS. Mimwe mienzaniso paRamstein yaive rinoratidzwa kuti rine 156.5 ug / l kana156,500 ppt. Purogiramu yekuongorora mvura yehurumende yeRhineland-Palatinate iri pedyo neSpangdahlem Air Base yakawana PFAS pa kuwedzera kwe1.935 ug / l kana 1,935 ppt. Iyo nzira yekudonhera muSpangdahlem ichiri kuparadzira makemikari.
Harvard masayendisiti anoti Perfluoro Octane Sulfonate (PFOS) uye Perfluoro Octanoic Acid (PFOA), mhando mbiri dzemarudzi anouraya eFPAS, dzinogona kunge dzichikuvadza hutano hwevanhu pazvikamu zve 1 chikamu chetatu (ppt) mukunwa mvura. Madziva ehove, nzizi nenzizi dzakapoteredza maharabheni eGermany anowanikwa ka1000 pane zvakasvibiswa kupfuura zvaanofanira kuva maererano neEU zvinoda.
Kupfuura mishonga ye3,000 inokanganisa PFAS yakagadzirwa.
Inodzidzisa kuenzanisa mazinga ezvisikwa zvepasi pasi muGermany neizvi Report DOD pamusoro pePFAS kusvibiswa kumauto eUnited States. Kufanana nezvimwe zvidzidzo zveAmerica mune kondinendi yeSouth America, Ramstein neSpangdahlem zvakasvibiswa kwazvo.
Hondo yeUnited States haina kutora mutoro uye kazhinji inoramba kubhadhara kuchenesa kusvibiswa kwavakaita. Hondo Col. Andrew Wiesen, Mutungamiri weDOD weVokuvharapa Mishonga yeHhovisi yeZvenhau, anoti kusvibiswa ndiwo mutoro weEPA. "Hatiiti tsvakurudzo yekutanga munharaunda iyi," akadaro Marine Corps Times. "EPA inotarisira izvi," akadaro. "DoD haina kutarisa zvakasununguka pamakemikari uye haina" kuwedzera kutsvaga mune izvi, nezvehutano hwePFOS / PFOA, zvishoma nezvandinoziva. "
Pentagon inobhadhara madhora $ 100 kune imwe yega yega jet fighter uye mishonga inodhura inowanzobata moto. Mafuta nefora uye poly fluoroalkyl zvinhu ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekukurumidza kudzima moto inogona kuparadza imwe yezvombo izvi. Hondo yeUnited States yave ichiziva kuti makemikari aya anoparadza kubva 1974 asi vakakwanisa kuichengeta chakavanzika, zvakanyanya, kusvikira zvino.
PFOS & PFOA inozivikanwa se "makemikari anogara aripo" nekuti haazvidze hunhu. Iwo matavi emauto ari mushishi yekuchinjira kune mamwe madiki mashoma anouraya moto. asi zvichiri kutyisa.
Kuti ataure mufananidzo, Wurtsmith, Michigan Airbase yakavharwa mu1993 apo nzizi nemvura pasi zvichiri kufa. Pakupedzisira 2018, zvipatara zveMichigan zvakabudisa mazano ekuti 'Usadya' zvekudya zvakatorwa mukati memakiromita mashanu kubva pasi rekare. Yakanga iri makore 26 uye mvura yemvura yakanwa ichiri chepfu.
Aya makemikari haana kutongerwa neEPA. Vamwe vanofungidzira izvi ndezvekuita kwavo zvehondo. Pane kudaro, EPA inoita recommendations kuti inotaura uye masangano emvura maererano nemakemikari aya. EPA yakabatanidzwa Lifetime Health Advisory (LHA) yemiganhu yemakemikari maviri ndeye 70 ppt, nyanzvi yezvakatipoteredza inotaura kuti yakaipa zvikuru.
Iyo US Agency yeToxic Substances uye Chirwere Registry (ATSDR) yakaisa hupenyu hwese hwekumwa mvura mazinga e 11 ppt ye PFOA uye 7 ppt ye PFOS. Zvinonzwisisika, saka, nei huwandu hurumende dzakamira kumirira Trump yeEPA yekutonga kuti iite uye ichangobva kuisa zvikamu zvakadzika zvishoma kuti dzidzivirire hutano hwevanhu.
Panguva iyi, Germany yakagadzira "yakakura-based based guideline value" ye PFOA + PFOS pa300 ppt. IEuropean Union yakarongedza hurongwa hwemvura yekunwa pamatanho e100 ppt. kune mumwe munhu PFAS uye 500 ppt. nokuda kwehuwandu hweFPAS. Ona iri chati yePFOS / PFAS mitsva muU.S. neEurope.
Mufananidzo weRamstein uri pamusoro apa unoratidza hombe yepachikepe inoputika nemuviri unopisa moto. US Air Force Command paRamstein, akatsanangura, "Isu tanga tine marita mazana mana emvura anobuda paminiti kubva mutangi remakumi mana." Chinyorwa ichi chinoshuma, "Iyo hangar yakagadzirirwa kudzora kusvibiswa kuburikidza nepasi pevhu netiweki yekuchengetera iyo inounganidza mvura uye inoburitswa mugeji yetsvina muhuwandu hunodzorwa uye inodzorwa negadziriro yekuchenesa tsvina muLandstuhl."
Chikonzero chikuru chekusvibiswa uku ndechokuti mauto eUnited States anotsanangurwa neChikamu B chekupisa moto (mil-F-24385) inoda kushandiswa kwemakemikari akazara.
PFAS Kudyiswa hakungorambi kuri Ramstein uye Spangdahlem.
MuBitburg, mvura yepasi yakaratidzwa ine PFAS pamatanho e108,000 ppt. Kufanana neWurtsmith, mauto eUnited States akafamba kubva kuAirbase Bitburg mu1994, asi kugadziriswa kwekukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza hakungagumi. Izvo zvinokonzerwa necarcinogenic zvakawanikwawo pane yaimbova ndege yeNATO Hahn, ndege yeBüchel nemakwikwi emhepo kuSembach uye Zweibrücken.
Maererano ne Volksfreund, rukova pedyo neBitburg rine 7700 nguva zhinji PFAS pane EU inofunga kuti inogamuchirwa. Günther Schneider, murimi uye mumiririri wezvakatipoteredza kubva kuBinsfeld iri pedyo, ane zvifananidzo zvekare zvinoratidza kuti rukova ruchayerera kuburikidza neBinsfeld rwakaratidzika segurufy white ribbon.
Mufananidzo wehupukisi hwehupenzi hahuwanzo muGermany, asi muAmerica, yakawanda.
Mhiri kumabvazuva kweBitburg, hova idzi dzinotakura mvura inokonzera.
Iyo sludge kubva kumigodhi yemishonga yekurapa kweSpangdahlem neBitburg airfields yakasvibiswa kwazvo haikwanisi kushandiswa kuminda. Pane kudaro, maGermany anovhiringidza, zvichikonzera humwe hutachiona hwehupenyu.
Günther Schneider anodana kubvumirwa kwePFAS uye kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa. Munguva iyi, nyika yeGermany inomuka zvishoma nezvishoma kune dambudziko guru rezvakatipoteredza. Vari kubvunza kana hondo yeUnited States ichizvipira pasi pemutemo wepasi rose kuti ugare nemitemo yekutonga.
