Kuti uteerere gakava revamiriri veRepublican svondo rapfuura, mumwe angafunga kuti President Obama vakadambura bhajeti remauto eUS uye vakasiya nyika yedu isina dziviriro. Hapana chinogona kuve kure kure nechiratidzo. Iko kune chaiko kushaya simba muObama mutemo wekunze, asi kushomeka kwemari yezvombo nehondo haisi imwe yadzo. Purezidhendi Obama anga ari mutariri webhajeti remauto rakakura kubva kuUS kubvira Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, sezvakanyorwa mu “Green Book” reDhipatimendi Rezvekudzivirira reUS.
Tafura iri pazasi inofananidza avhareji epagore bhajeti pasi pemutungamiri wese kubvira Truman, vachishandisa "anogara ari madhora" manhamba kubva kuFY2016 Green Book. Ini ndinoshandisa iwo aya inflation-akagadziridzwa manhamba mune ino chinyorwa, kuve nechokwadi kuti ini ndinogara ndichifananidza "maapuro nemaapuro". Aya manhamba haabatanidze mari yekuwedzera ine chekuita nemauto neIV, CIA, Homeland Security, Energy, Justice kana State Departments, kana mubhadharo wemubhadharo pamashandisirwo ehondo akapfuura, ayo anosanganisa kukwidza mutengo wechokwadi wemauto eUS kusvika $ 1.3 trillion pagore, or imwe yegumi nematatu emari yeUnited States.
US Mahadharo ehurumende 1948-2015
Obama FY2010-15 $ 663.4 bhiriyoni pagore
Bush Jr FY2002-09 * $ 634.9 "" "
Clinton FY1994-2001 $ 418.0 "" "
Bush Sr FY1990-93 $ 513.4 "" "
Reagan FY1982-89 $ 565.0 "" "
Carter FY1978-81 $ 428.1 "" "
Ford FY1976-77 $ 406.7 "" "
Nixon FY1970-75 $ 441.7 "" "
Johnson FY1965-69 $ 527.3 "" "
Kennedy FY1962-64 $ 457.2 "" "
Eisenhower FY1954-61 $ 416.3 "" "
Truman FY1948-53 $ 375.7 "" "
* Kunosanganisira $ 80 mabhiriyoni supplemental yakawedzerwa kune FY2009 pasi pe Obama.
Mauto eUS anogamuchira zvimwe kupa mari kupfuura vamwe vese gumi mamiriyoni makuru munyika yose akabatanidzwa (China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, UK, France, Japan, India, Germany & South Korea). Uye zvakadaro, kunyangwe paine mhirizhonga nemhirizhonga yekare 15 makore, ivo Republican candidates vanoita sevasinganzwisisi nengozi dzeimwe nyika dzine simba rakakura uye risingaverengeki rechiuto.
Pamusoro peDemocratic side, kunyange Sénator Bernie Sanders haana kutaura kuti akazopedza sei mari yekushandisa mari. Asi Sanders vanovhota nguva dzose pamusoro pemvumo yekubhadhara mabhizimisi ehurumende idzi, vachipa mhosva iyi kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvakanyanya kubva kune zvinodiwa nevanhu uye kuomerera kuti hondo inofanira kuva "yekupedzisira".
Mavhoti aSanders ekurwisa Yugoslavia muna 1999 uye Afghanistan muna 2001, nepo UN Charter inorambidza kushandiswa kwakadaro kwemauto kusina simba, rinomutsa mibvunzo inonetsa nezve izvo chaizvo zvaanoreva ne "yekupedzisira sarudzo." Somubatsiri wake Jeremy Brecher akabvunza Sanders mukati tsamba yake yokurega pamusoro pevhoti yake yeYugoslavia, "Pane here muganho wehunhu kumhirizhonga yemauto yaunoda kutora chikamu kana kutsigira? Muganhu iwoyo uri kupi? Uye kana iwo muganho wasvika, chiito chipi chichaita iwe tora? ” MaAmerican mazhinji anoshuvira kunzwa Sanders nyama ichizvipira kurunyararo nekuzvidzivirira kuti zvifanane nekuzvipira kwake kururamisiro yezvehupfumi.
Apo Mutungamiri Obama akatora mahofisi, Congressman Barney Frank akabva adana kuti a 25% yakagadzirirwa mumari yehondo. Pane kudaro, purezidhendi mutsva akawana madhora makumi masere emadhora ekuwedzera kune iyo FY80 bhajeti yekubhadhara kukwira kwake kwehondo muAfghanistan, uye yake yekutanga yakazara yemauto bhajeti (FY2009) yaive $ 2010 bhiriyoni, mukati me $ 761 bhiriyoni emadhora 3.4 bhiriyoni post-WWII rekodhi yakagadzwa Mutungamiri Bush muna FY764.3.
The Sustainable Defence Task Force, yakagadzwa naCongressman Frank uye bipartisan Nhengo dzeChishanu mu2010, vakadana $ 960 mabhiriyoni muzvigadziriswa kubva mubhadharo yehondo yekufanirwa makore anotevera 10. Jill Stein weGreen Party uye Rocky Anderson weThe Justice Partyyakadaidzira kuti 50% ichekwe mumashandisirwo ehondo eUS mumauto avo ehutungamiriri e2012. Izvi zvinoita kunge zvine hukasha pakuona kwekutanga, asi 50% yakatemwa mubhajeti reFY2012 ingangove yakatemwa nezvikamu gumi nezvitatu kubva pane zvakashandiswa naPresident Clinton muFY13.
Clinton's $ 399 bhiriyoni FY1998 bhajeti remauto ndiyo yaive yepedyo yatakasvika pakuona "rugare govano" yakavimbiswa pakupera kweCold War. Asi izvo hazvina kana kutyora Cold War yekutanga ye $ 393 bhiriyoni yakatarwa mushure meKorea Hondo (FY1954) uye Hondo yeVietnam (FY1975). Dambudziko risinga zivikanwe renyika yanhasi nderekuti isu takatendera "rugare mubairo" kubiridzirwa nezvakataurwa naCarl Conetta Project on Defense Alternatives inodaidza iyo "simba dividend", chishuwo chemauto-maindasitiri kutora mukana wekupunzika kweUSSR kubatanidza simba remauto epasi rose eUS.
Kukunda kwe "simba chikamu" pamusoro pe "runyararo runyararo" kwakatungamirwa nezvimwe zvezvinhu zvine simba kwazvo munhoroondo. Asi padanho rega rega, paive nedzimwe nzira dzehondo, kugadzirwa kwezvombo uye kuwedzera kwemauto epasirese.
Pa Senate Budget Komiti yekutongwa muna December 1989, aimbova Chekudzivirira Secretary Robert McNamara uye Assistant Secretary Lawrence Korb, weDemocrat neRepublican, vakapupura kuti iyo FY1990 $ 542 bhiriyoni Pentagon bhajeti inogona kutemwa nehafu mukati memakore gumi anotevera kutisiira isu neiyo nyowani yeCold War yekutanga bhajeti remauto re $ 10 bhiriyoni, 270% yakaderera pane Mutungamiri Obama akashandisa uye 60% pazasi pane izvo kunyange Jill Stein naRocky Anderson vakadaidzira.
Paive nekupokana kwakakosha kuFirst Gulf War - 22 Senators uye 183 Reps vakavhota vachipesana nazvo, kusanganisira Sanders - asi hazvina kukwana kumisa kufora kuenda kuhondo. Hondo yakave muenzaniso kune yemberi inotungamirwa neUS hondo uye yakashanda sekushambadzira kuratidza kwechizvarwa chitsva cheUS zvombo. Mushure mekurapa veruzhinji kumabhomba asingagumi mavhidhiyo e "smart mabhomba" achigadzira "kurwisa kwekuvhiya", vakuru veUS vakapedzisira vabvuma kuti "chaiyo" zvombo zvakadaro chete 7% yebhomba uye zvombo kuchinaya pasi paIraq. Mamwe ese aive akanaka echinyakare makapeti-ekubhomba, asi kuuraya kwakawanda kwevaIraq kwaisave chikamu chemushandirapamwe wekushambadzira. Bhomba parakamira, vatyairi veUS vakanzi vabhururuke vakananga kuKuwait kuenda ku Paris Air Show, uye makore matatu akatevera akaiswa zvinyorwa zvitsva zve US zvombo zvekutengesa kunze.
Vatungamiriri veBush naClinton vakaita kucheka kwakakosha mukushandisa kwemauto pakati pa1992 na1994, asi kudzikisira kwakadzikira kusvika pa1% pagore pakati pa3 na1995 uye bhajeti rakatanga kukwirazve muna1998. Mauto eU.S.kuisa hwaro hwepfungwa dzehondo dzemberi. Kusatendeseka uye kunetseka zvikuru kunotaura kuti kushandiswa kwechisimba kweUnited States kunogona kunge kwakadzivirira kuurayiwa kwevanhu muRwanda or hondo yevagari vemuYugoslavia vakashandira kururamisa kushandiswa kwesimba kune imwe nzvimbo kubva panguva iyo, pamwe nemigumisiro yakaipa. Neoconservatives yakaenderera mberi uye yakataura kuti kubata kwemauto eCold War power dividend kwakakosha kuUnited States nekubudirira muzana remakore re 21.
Zvitauriri zvevadzivisi vezvevatsigiri vevanhu uye neoconservatives zvaive zvichinyengetedza mafungiro akasiyana-siyana muAmerica psyche, kutungamirirwa nekusimudzirwa nevanhu vane simba uye masangano avo mabasa avo uye zvavanofarira zvaive zvakabatana mukukura kwemauto emabhizimisi. Vapinduri vekubatsira vakakumbira kuchishuwo chevaAmerica kuve simba rezvakanaka munyika. Sezvo Madeleine Albright akabvunza Colin Powell, "Ndechipi chinangwa chekuva nemauto epamusoro aya aunogara uchitaura nezvazvo kana tisingakwanise kuashandisa?" Kune rimwe divi, maNeocon airidza pamusoro pekusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana kwevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerican kuti nyika inofanirwa kutongwa nesimba remauto eUS kana tichizochengetedza mararamiro edu.
The Clinton mutungamiri akave nehuwandu hwezvakataurwa izvi muzvigadziro zvekuwedzera kwemauto eUnited States mukati maro 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review. QDR yakatyisidzira kushandiswa kweuto remauto reU.S., mukutyora zvakajeka Chibvumirano cheUN, kudzivirira "zvakakosha" zvido zveUS pasi rese, kusanganisira "kudzivirira kubuda kwemubatanidzwa wedunhu une ruvengo," uye "kuvimbisa kusabvumidzwa kuwana kiyi misika, magetsi uye zviwanikwa. ”
Kusvika padanho ravanoziva nezvokuwedzera kukuru kwemashandisirwo emauto kubva muna1998, maAmerican mazhinji vaizoibatanidza nehondo dzeUS muAfghanistan neIraq uye neyakafananidzirwa "hondo yekutyisa." Asi kutsvagisa kwaCarl Conetta kwakasimbisa izvo, pakati pa1998 na2010, chete 20% yekutenga kwemauto eUS uye RDT & E (kutsvagisa, kusimudzira, kuyedza & kuongorora) kushandisa uye chete hafu yekuwedzera kwese mukushandisa kwemauto kwaive kwakabatana nekuenderera kwemauto. Mune pepa rake ra2010, Kuzvidzivirira Kusingadi, Conetta akawana kuti hurumende yedu yakashandisa imwe 1.15 tiririyoni emadhora pamusoro uye kupfuura Clinton's FY1998 yekutanga pane mari yaive isina hukama nehondo dzazvino.
Most yemari yekuwedzera, $ 640 bhiriyoni, yakashandiswa pazvombo zvitsva nemidziyo (Procurement + RDT & E muGreen Book). Zvinoshamisa kuti izvi zvaive zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri pa $ 290 mabhiriyoni emauto akashandisa zvombo zvitsva nemidziyo yehondo zvayaive ichirwa. Uye mugove weshumba waisave wemauto, asi wemauto eMweya neNavy.
Pakave nekupikisa kwematongerwo enyika kune F-35 warplane, iyo vashandi vezvematongerwo enyika vakatumidza "ndege yakadya bhajeti" uye iyo mari yekupedzisira yakafungidzirwa $ 1.5 trillion kumapuranga e2,400. Asi kutenga kweNavy uye bhajeti reRTT & E kunokwikwidza neveMweya Wemauto.
Aimbova General Dynamics CEO Kubata kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaLester Crown wezvematongerwo enyika mudiki anonzi Barack Obama, waakatanga kusangana naye muna 1989 kukambani yemagweta yeChicago uko kwaiitirwa basa naObama, akashanda zvakanakisa femu yemhuri. Kubva Obama paakakunda Hurezidhendi, nemwanakomana waLester James nemuroora Paula sevacheche vake vekuIreland kutsvaga mari uye wechi4 pakukura. bundlers munyika yose, General Dynamics mutengo wemari yakawana 170% uye iyo ripoti gore rapera yakarumbidza 2014 segore rayo rinobatsira kwazvo nguva dzose, kunyangwe paine kudzikira kwe30% mukutengwa kwePentagon uye kushandisa kweRTT & E kubvira FY2009.
Kunyangwe General Dynamics iri kutengesa mashoma matangi eAbrams nemotokari dzehondo kubva US payakabvisa akawanda emauto kubva kuIraq neAfghanistan, chikamu chayo cheMarine Systems chiri kuita zvirinani kupfuura nakare kose. Iyo Navy yakawedzera kutenga kwayo kwe Virginia class submarines kubva kune rimwe kusvika maviri pagore muna 2012 pamadhora 2 bhiriyoni rimwe nerimwe. Iri kutenga imwe nyowani Arleigh Burke class destroyer gore negore kuburikidza ne2022 pa $ 1.8 mabhiriyoni (Obama akadzorera purogiramu iyoyo sechikamu chemuvengi wake wezvidziviriro zvake), uye bhajeti yeFY2010 yakapiwa General Dynamics tumvumo yekuvaka 3 itsva Zumwalt kirasi vaparadzi kwemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi matatu emamiriyoni emadhora rimwe nerimwe, pamusoro pemadhora gumi emadhora akatoshandiswa kutsvagisa nekusimudzira. Izvo zvakaitika kunyangwe mutauriri weUS Navy achidana Zumwalt "chikepe chausingade," sezvachiri ichave ichinyanya kunetseka kune matsva ekurwisa-ngarava akagadzirwa nevavengi vavengi. General Dynamics zvakare ndeimwe yevagadziri veAmerica makuru emabhomba uye zvombo, ndizvo zvazviri kufara zvakanaka kubva muUnited States kuputika kwebhomba muIraq neSiriya.
Carl Conetta inotsanangura maoko eUnited States anovaka semhedzisiro yekushaikwa kwechirango uye kutadza kwevarongi vemauto kuita sarudzo dzakaomarara nezverudzi rwehondo dzavari kugadzirira kurwa kana mauto nezvombo zvavangangoda. Asi uku kukura kukuru kwenyika kunoruramisirwa mupfungwa dzevakuru veUS nezvavanogona kushandisa masimba aya kuita. Nekuvaka iyo inodhura uye inoparadza yehondo muchina, kuigadzira kuti igone kutyisidzira kana kurwisa chero munhu chero kupi, uye ichiruramisa kuvapo kwayo nemubatanidzwa weNeocon uye hwevanhu kupindira pfungwa, Vakuru vakuru veUnited States vakakurudzira kunyengera kwakaipisisa pamusoro pazvo chaizvo chimiro cheuto remauto. Sa wezvenhau Gabriel Kolko akanyeverwa muna 1994, "Sarudzo nesarudzo zvine njodzi huru uye zvisina musoro zvinongova zvinonzwisisika asi ndiyo chete nzira yekufunga nezvehondo uye kudyidzana izvo zvinokwanisika mumatare."
Iko kushandiswa kwemauto ehondo kunonyanya kukanganisa. Zvombo zvehondo zvakagadzirirwa kukuvadza vanhu uye kutyora zvinhu. Nyika dzese dzinoti dzinovaka uye dzinovatenga chete kuti vazvidzivirire uye vanhu vavo kupokana nehasha dzevamwe. Pfungwa yekuti kushandiswa kwemauto ehondo kunogona inogara iri simba rezvakanaka inogona, pazvakanakisa, kunyorera kune mashoma mashoma, akasarudzika mamiriro apo kushomeka asi kwekukurumidza kushandisa simba kwagumisa gakava riripo uye kwakatungamira mukudzoserwa kwerunyararo. Mhedzisiro yakajairika yekushandisa kana kuwedzera kwesimba ndiko kukonzera kufa kukuru nekuparadzwa, kukurudzira kusagadzikana uye kukonzera kusagadzikana kwakapararira. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika kwese kupi US yashandisa simba kubva 2001, kusanganisira in proxy uye yekuvanda mashandiro muSyria neUkraine.
Tinoratidzika tiri kuuya nharaunda yakakwana, kuti tidzidze zvakare njodzi dzekuita zvemhirizhonga uye huchenjeri hwevatungamiri veUnited States nevatsigiri vezvematongerwo enyika avo vakaita basa rinoita mukugadzira UN Charter, ivo Geneva Kokorodzano, ivo Kellogg Briand Pact uye hwakawanda hwesisitimu iripo yemutemo wepasi rese. Zvibvumirano nezvibvumirano izvi zvaive zvinoenderana nehupenyu hwaambuya nasekuru vedu zvekuti nyika yakabvumidzwa hondo yakanga isisina kugadzikana. Saka ivo vaive vakazvipira, kusvika padanho rakakura, kurambidza uye kubvisa hondo uye kuchengetedza vanhu kwese kwese kubva mukutyisa kwehondo sekodzero yemunhu.
Sezvo Mutungamiri Carter akataura mukati make Nhaurwa yeNobel muna 2002, "Hondo dzimwe nguva inogona kunge iri huipi hunodiwa. Asi kunyangwe zviine madikanwa sei, hunogara hwakaipa, husina kana kunaka. ” Nguva pfupi yadarika mutemo weUS yanga iri chiitiko chinosiririsa mukugadzirisa zvakare huipi hwehondo. Kuedza uku kwakundikana abysmally, asi pane zvakasara basa rakawanda ravanofanira kuita kuti vadzorere rugare, kugadzirisa kukanganisa, uye kurumbidza United States kutonga kwemutemo.
Kana tikafananidza mari yemauto eUS neyekushandisa kwemauto epasi rose, tinogona kuona kuti, sezvo US yakacheka bhajeti rayo remauto nechetatu pakati pa1985 na1998, nyika yese yakateerawo uye bhajeti renyika rese zvakare rakawa nechetatu pakati pe1988 ne1998. Asi seUS payakashandisa mabhirioni emadhora pazvombo nehondo mushure ma2000, ichisimudzira mugove wayo wekushandisa kwemauto epasirese kubva pa38% kusvika pa48% na2008, vese vabatsiri nevangangove vavengi vakapindura zvekare. Iko 92% inokwira mubhajeti remauto eUS muna2008 kwakatungamira kukwira kwemazana makumi matanhatu nematatu muzana mumashandisirwo ehondo epasi rose na65
Sangano reU.S. rinopa utsinye hweAmerica nekuwedzera kwehondo as simba rekuchengetedza uye kugadzikana. Muchokwadi, imasoja eUS anga achityaira mhirizhonga yepasi rose, uye hondo dzinotungamirwa neUS uye kupindira kwakavanzika kwakakonzera makakatanwa erunyararo uye kwakabvisa mamirioni avanhu kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana munyika nenyika. Asi kungofanana nekudyidzana uye kuita runyararo pakati peUS neUSSR zvakakonzera kudonha kwe33% mukushandisa kwepasirese kwemauto muma1990, kuzvipira kutsva kweUS kurunyararo nekutora zvombo nhasi kwaizoisawo nyika yese murunyararo nzira.
Mukudyidzana kwake neCuba neIran uye kuve kwake akagadzirira kuguma apindura kumiriri weRussia paSyria neUkraine, Mutungamiri Obama anoita kunge akadzidza zvidzidzo zvakakosha kubva mumhirizhonga nemhirizhonga iyo iye naVaBush vakaburitsa pasirese. Anonyanya kupa anotsigira anemauto maindasitiri yakaoma akamboziva anogona kuzopedzisira ave kutaridzikachikonzero chekugadzirisa matanho ematambudziko anokonzerwa nemitemo yake.
Asi kumuka kwaObama, kana zviri izvo zvazvinozoita, kwauya zvinorwadza kunonoka muhutungamiriri hwake, kune mamirioni evakaurayiwa nemhosva dzehondo dzeUS uye nezveramangwana renyika yedu nepasi rose. Chero ani watinosarudza seMutungamiriri wedu anotevera saka anofanira kunge akagadzirira pazuva rekutanga kutanga kubvisa iyi infernal war muchina uye kuvaka iyo “Chivakwa cherunyararo”, pane imwe nheyo yakasimba yevanhu, nhaurirano uye nekuvandudzwa kweUnited States kutonga kwemitemo yenyika.
Imwe Mhinduro
Ichi chinyorwa chinokosha kwazvo kuverenga, shoko rimwe nerimwe.