NaPaul Holden, Nyamavhuvhu 18, 2020
From Mazuva ese Maverick
South Africa iri kusvika nekukurumidza chiitiko chikuru: muna Gumiguru 2020, nyika ichaita yayo yekupedzisira kubhadhara pamari dzakatorwa kubhadhara kutenga kwezvinhu zvidiki, makamba, helikoputa nemhare uye majee evarairidzi anozivikanwa pamwe chete seArms Deal.
Kutenga uku, kwakanyoreswa apo zvibvumirano zvekugovera zvakasainwa munaDecember 1999, zvakatsanangura zvakajeka uye kwakatungamira South Africa yepashure pehusaruro yezvematongerwo enyika. Dambudziko riripo reNyika Capture uye denda rehuwori iro rinokonzeresa Covid-19 kusunungura nekuedza mabasa, vanowana midzi yavo mukuparadzwa kwakazara kwesimba rehurumende kugadzirisa huori kuti avo masimba vazivise kutenderera kuzere kweArms Deal.
Mari iyi yezvematongerwo enyika yakakura, asi pakupedzisira isingaenzeke. Asi chii chiri kunyanya kutaridzika uye chakakwana kuderedzwa kune huwandu hwakaomesesa mutengo weArms Deal mune chaiyo, yakaoma, mari yemari.
Ndichishandisa ruzivo rakanakisa rwuripo, ini ndinofungidzira kuti mutengo weArms Deal, kana unogadziriswa inflation, wakaenzana R142-bhirioni mu 2020 rand. Kana, yakaratidza imwe nzira, kana Arms Deal yaizoitika nhasi, mari yese-yemari yekuvhara zvinotengwa uye zvikwereti zvakatorwa kunowona mari, ingangove R142 bhiriyoni. Ndatema kuwerengera kwandashandisa kusvika izvi zvazadzikiswa pazasi mu Chikamu chechipiri kune zvakanyanya kuomesa (verenga: nerdy) muverengi.
Huwandu uhu hunoshungurudza hunowedzera humwe huwandu hunobuda muHurumende Capture hukasha. Zviri, semuenzaniso, zvakapetwa katatu katatu kukosha kweiyo R50-bhiriyoni muzviratidziro zvakaiswa neTransnet nevamwe vekuChina vezvitima njanji vagadziri, iyo Gupta tsotsi bhizinesi rekutengesa rakawana juzi makumi maviri muzana
Chii chingadai chakabhadharwa?
Chiizve chatingave chakabhadhara kana tikashandisa iyo R142-bhiriyoni ikozvino pazvinhu zvataida chaizvo (kusafanana neboka rejasi- rairwiwa pasi pemagetsi uye zviratidzo zvechiratidzo chesimba remugungwa)?
Kune imwe chete, tinokwanisa kubhadhara chikwereti chakakura kwazvo chaicho chakatorwa nehurumende kuInternational Monetary Fund (IMF). Iyo $ 4.3 bhiriyoni chikwereti yakaenzana neR70-bhiriyoni. Mari kubva kuArms Deal yaigona kubhadhara chikwereti ichi zvakare kaviri pamusoro; kana, zvinonyanya kukosha, angadai akadzora kudiwa kwechikwereti munzvimbo yekutanga.
Bajeti ichangoburwa yakapa R33.3-bhirioni mukubatsira mari yeNational Student Financial Aid Scheme yegore 2020/2021. Ichi chirongwa chinopa chikwereti kune avo vasati vapedza kudzidza kubhadhara chikoro chavo cheyunivhesiti. South Africa ingadai yakatsigira chirongwa ichi kanokwana kana ichishandisa Arms Deal mari pachinzvimbo.
Bajeti rimwe chete iri rinoratidza kuti hurumende yakaronga kushandisa mari inoita mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu emamiriyoni emadhora pakubatsira vana. Tichishandisa iyo Arms Deal mari, tingave takabhadhara izvi zvakapetwa kaviri, kana, zvakanyanya zvikuru, zvakapetwa kukosha kwakazara kwemigove yekuchengeta vana kwegore.
Asi huwandu urwo hwakanyanya kurova, kunyanya pakati peiyo Covid-19 nedambudziko renyika nepasirese iro richaunza raramo, fungidziro iripo yekuti ingangoita marii pagore kuita chirongwa chekutanga chemari inowanikwa munhu wese wemuSouth Africa pakati pegumi nemasere negumi neshanu pamusoro pegwara chairo rehurombo reR18 mwedzi Peter Attard Montalto webhizinesi anofemesa Intellidex akataura kuti zvaida R59-bhiriyoni pagore kuita izvi: mutengo chaiwo weArms Deal muna 1,277 kukosha.
Fungidzira izvozvo: kwegore rose, mukati medenda repasi rose rinosvimha misodzi pamusuwo wenzanga yeSouth Africa, maSouth Africa ese abuda muhurombo. Iyo chaiyo yenguva refu yehupfumi, hwepfungwa uye hwezvematongerwo enyika hunonzwisisika.
Ehe, munhu anonamira anogona kutaura kuti izvi zvekufananidza hazvina kuringana zvishoma. Arms Deal, pakupedzisira, yakabhadharwa kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri, kwete semutengo mumwe chete. Asi zvinofuratirwa izvi ndezvekuti Arms Deal yaive yakanyanya kubhadharwa nemakwereti ekunze ayo akavhara yakawanda yemutengo weArms Deal. Iko kushandiswa pamusoro, zvakare, kwaigona kuve kwakashandisirwa nemari yakafanana pamubhadharo wakafanana pamakore makumi maviri. Uye izvo pasina kupaza South Africa nezvombo zvehondo hazvina kumbobvira zvanyodiwa uye izvo zvichiri kudhura mari yakawanda kuti ichengetedzeke uye inomhanya.
Ndiani akaita mari?
Zvichienderana nezvangu zvakanyanya kuverenga, South Africa yakabhadhara R108.54-bhiriyoni mu2020 emadhora kumakambani eBritish, Italian, Sweden neGerman anotipa majean kurwa, mauto emuchadenga, corveindows uye helikopta. Mari iyi yakabhadharwa nekufamba kwemakore gumi nemaviri kubva muna 14 kusvika 2000.
Asi chinowanzokanganikwa mukukurukurirana pamusoro peArms Deal ndechekuti yakanga isiri chete makambani eEuropean zvombo ayo akaita hupfumi kunze kwechibvumirano, asi mabhangi makuru eEuropean akapa hurumende yeSouth Africa chikwereti kubhadhara chibvumirano. Mabhangi aya aisanganisira iBrclays Bank yeBritain (iyo yaitsigira mutyairi uye majeti etsiva, uye yaikwereta chikwereti chakakura kupfuura zvese), Commerzbank yeGermany (iyo yakapa mari corvette uye submarines), yeFranceete Societe Generale (iyo yaitsigira mari yeCorvette combat suite) neIntocredito yeItaly. Centrale (iyo yaitsigira iyo helikopta).
Chokwadi, kuverenga kwandinoita kunoratidza kuti South Africa yakabhadhara mari inodarika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emakumi maviri emadhora mukubatsirwa kwega kumabhangi eEurope pakati pa20 na2020. South Africa yakabhadhara imwezve R2003 miriyoni (isina kugadziriswa inflation) mukutonga, kuzvipira uye mubhadharo wepamutemo kumabhangi akafanana pakati pe2020 ne211.2.
Zvinoshamisa kuti mamwe emabhangi aya haana kana kutora njodzi paakapa izvi zvikwereti kuSouth Africa. Izvo zvikwereti zveBarclays, semuenzaniso, zvakanyorerwa nebazi rehurumende reBritish zvinodaidzwa kuti Export Card Guarantee department. Pasi pehurongwa uhu, hurumende yeBritain yaizopinda nekubhadhara Barclays Bank kana South Africa ikakanganisa.
Rentier banking haina kumbobvira nyore nyore.
Dzimwezve nhau dzakaipa
Kuenzanisa uku, zvakadaro, kunofanira kufunga nezvechimwe chinhu chakaomarara: Mutengo wekutenga weR142 bhiriyoni-yegumi nemana weArms Deal hausi zvachose mutengo wakazara weArms Deal zvachose: izvi zvakangobhadhara mari yakadai kuhurumende yeSouth Africa. kutenga zvishandiso uye kudzorera zvikwereti zvinoshandiswa kupedzisa kutenga.
Hurumende ichiri kushandisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda kuchengetedza michina nguva. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se "hupenyu hwekutenderera-mutengo" wemidziyo.
Parizvino, kwave kuziviswa zero nezvekuti yakashandiswa marii pakugadzirisa pamwe nemamwe masevhisi paArms Deal Equipment. Isu tinoziva kuti mutengo wakakwira zvakanyanya zvekuti Wemhepo Yakavimbisa muna 2016 kuti hafu yega yega yeGripen murwi wetsiva ari kushanda zvinoshanda, nepo hafu ichengetwa mu "kutenderera kutenderera", ichirova huwandu hwemaawa ekubhururuka ayo ari kunyorwa ne iyo SAAF.
Asi, nekuda kweruzivo rwenyika dzese, tinoziva kuti mutengo wenguva refu-hupenyu unotenderera unogona kunge wakakura. MuUS, iyo yakanyanya kutsanangurwa yazvino fungidziro yakavakirwa pane nhoroondo nhoroondo inoratidza kuti kushanda uye kutsigira mutengo weakakura zvombo masisitimu kubva 88% kusvika 112% yemutengo wekuwanikwa. Kuishandisa izvi kumhosva yeSouth Africa, uye kushandisa izvi zvakafanana kufungidzira, South Africa inofanirwa kushandisa zvakapetwa zvakapetwa mutengo wemari mutengo weArms Deal pamusoro pehupenyu hwayo hwaanoda hwemakore makumi mana kana ichizochengetedza michina yekushandisa.
Nekudaro, tichifunga nezve kushomeka kwe chero data rakaoma kubva kuhurumende pamutengo wekugadzirisa, ndafunga kusabatanidza mutengo wehupenyu kutenderera mukuverenga kwangu. Asi ziva kuti huwandu hwandinokurukura pazasi hahuko pedyo nemutengo weupenyu wakazara weArms Deal kune mutero weSouth Africa.
Nei kumhan'arira Arms Deal kuchine basa
Zvichienderana nemakumi maviri emakore ekuferefetwa, kubhadharisa nekumhan'ara, tinoziva kuti makambani eEurope akatengesa kuSouth Africa zvishandiso zvaisada, akabhadhara mabhiriyoni emadhora mukukanganisa uye "mari yekubvunza" kune vatambi vane hukama nezvematongerwo enyika. Uye Jacob Zuma parizvino achazotarisana nenguva mudare maringe neizvi, izvi zvinongova kutanga: kupomera mhosva kwakawanda. fanira tevera.
Haisi chete nekuti izvi ndizvo zvinodairwa neruramisiro: imhaka yekuti izvi zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro inokanganisa mari kuhurumende yeSouth Africa. Chaizvoizvo, zvese zvibvumirano zveArms Deal zvaisanganisira chirevo chekuti makambani emauto haaite huwori. Pamusoro pezvo, kana makambani akawanikwa akanganisa mutemo uyu mukupomera mhosva, hurumende yeSouth Africa inogona kubhadhara faindi yegumi muzana mukukuvara.
Zvakakosha, zvibvumirano izvi zvaikosheswa mumadhora ekuAmerica, mapaundi eBritain, Sweden Krone neEuro, zvinoreva kuti mutengo wavo wedhora unenge wave kutevedza inflation pamwe nekushomeka kwemari.
Ndichishandisa fungidziro yangu yemutengo wakazara weti, South Africa inogona kudzorera mabhiriyoni gumi emakumi maviri nemakumi maviri emitengo kana vese maArms Deal vatengesi vakabhadharwa mari yakazara gumi muzana inobvumirwa muzvibvumirano. Ichi hachisi chinhu chekubvuta, uye chidimbu chete chezvaizotengera hurumende kuendesa makambani aya kururamisirwa.
Chikamu chechipiri: Kufunga mutengo wakazara weArms Deal
Sei tisiri kuziva mutengo wakazara weArms Deal uine 100% chokwadi?
Inotaura zvakawanda zvekuti tichiri kufanofunga mutengo weArms Deal, pane kutaura nezverakaomarara uye rakasimba. Izvi zvinodaro, kubvira kubvira kwaziviswa Arms Deal, mutengo wayo chaiwo wakavanzika.
Chakavanzika chakatenderedza chibvumirano chakafambiswa nekushandiswa kweiyo inozivikanwa seSpecial Defense Account, iyo yakashandiswa kugadzirisa nyaya yeArms Deal mumabhajeti eSouth Africa. Iyo Special Defence Akaundi yakagadzwa panguva yeusaruraine nechinangwa chakajeka chekugadzira bhajeti reblack hole iro rinogona kushandiswa kufukidza huwandu hwenyika zvisiri pamutemo zvirango-kupamba.
Kuvanza kwakadaro kwaireva kuti, semuenzaniso, kubhadhara kwakazara kwakaitwa kune vatengesi veArms Deal kwakazongotanga kuratidzwa muna2008, pazvakaziviswa muBhajeti renyika kekutanga. Panguva iyoyo, makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora akange atobhadharwa.
Nekudaro, zviverengero izvi zvakabvisa mutengo wechikwereti chakatorwa kuti ubhadharise chibvumirano (kunyanya mubereko wakabhadharwa uye zvimwe zvikwereti zvekutonga). Izvi zvaireva kuti, kwemakore mazhinji, nzira chete yekufungidzira mutengo wechobvumirano chaive kutora mutengo wakataurwa wobva wawedzera pa49%, izvo zvakanzverwa nehurumende zvakati ndiyo-yemubhadharo wemari.
Muna 2011, pandakaburitsa yakadzama nhoroondo yeArms Deal nemumwe wangu Hennie van Vuuren, izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvatakaita, tichigadzira mutengo unofungidzirwa weR71 bhiriyoni panguva iyoyo (isina kugadziriswa inflation). Uye kunyange izvi zvazove zvakanyatsoita sezvazviri, isu tiri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo tinogona kutarisa kuti tigadzire chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kunyatso.
Iyo yakanyanya kutsanangurwa uye yakazara accounting yemutengo weArms Deal yakaitwa pachena muufakazi hwenguva refu uye inoremekedzwa Treasure mukuru, Andrew Donaldson. VaDonaldson vakapa humbowo kune inonzi inonzi Seriti Commission of Enquiry, iyo yakapihwa basa rekuferefeta zvisizvo muArms Deal. Sezvinozivikanwa chaizvo, zvakawanikwa kuSeriti Commission zvakamiswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2019 saSachigaro Mutongi Seriti nemumwe wake Commissioner Hendrick Musi vakawanikwa vakatadza kuferefeta zvizere uye zvine musoro muArms Deal.
Maitiro akaitwa umboo hwaDonaldson pakomisheni iyi, zvaitova microcosm yekusaita zvakashata komisheni basa rayo. Izvi zvaive nekuti, kunyangwe paine zvakaburitswa zvakanyanya, humbowo hwaDonaldson hwaive nemharidzo yakakosha iyo komisheni yakundikana kuziva kana kunyatso bvunzana naDonaldson, zvikaisiya zvisina kujeka - uye mari yakakwana yeArms Deal ichiri kujeka.
Iko kushanduka kweArms Deal accounting
Kuti tinzwisise kushomeka mune chirevo chaDonaldson mumwe anofanirwa kutora nzvimbo isingafadzi mukushanda kweiyo Treasure uye kuti mashandisiro akasiyana anoverengerwa sei mubhajeti yenyika. Nditakure neni.
Arms Deal yakapihwa mari, muchikamu chikuru, nechikwereti chakakura chakatorwa kumabhangi makuru epasi rose. Zvikwereti izvi zvakagara muhari, kubva mairi South Africa yaigona kutora mari kubhadhara vatengesi vemidziyo. Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvaireva kuti gore rega rega, South Africa yaitora imwe mari munzvimbo dzechikwereti dzavakapihwa nemabhangi (inozivikanwa se "dhizaini" pachikwereti), uye shandisa mari iyi kubhadhara mutengo wemari (ndokuti, mutengo chaiwo wekutenga) kumakambani emauto.
Nekudaro, haisi mari yese yakabhadharwa kumakambani emauto yakatorwa kubva pazvikwereti izvi, sezvo South Africa zvakare yakashandisa mari mubhajeti rekudzivirira riripo kubhadhara gore rino. Mari iyi yakapihwa kubva kubhajeti yenyika uye yakaumbwa chikamu chemashandisirwo ehurumende. Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka pazasi:
Izvi zvinoreva kuti hatigone kungovimba neiwo huwandu hwechikwereti uye kufarira kwavo kuverenga mutengo weArms Deal, sezvo imwe yemubhadharo wechobvumirano haina kuvharwa nechikwereti chemega, asi pachinzvimbo chakabhadharwa kunze kweSouth Africa. yakajairika yenyika bhajeti rekushandisa.
Donaldson, muuchapupu hwake, akataura kuti mutengo chaiwo wemarandi weArms Deal, kana, muchidimbu, mari yakabhadharwa zvakananga kumakambani emauto, yaive R46.666-bhiriyoni pakati pe2000 na 2014, pakabhadharwa kwekupedzisira. Akataurawo kuti, kubva muna Kurume 2014, South Africa ichiri kubhadhara R12.1-bhiriyoni pamari pachayo, kuwedzera imwe R2.6 bhiriyoni mubereko.
Kutora izvi pamberi pechiso, uye kumhanya nehuwandu, zvinoita senzira iri nyore yekuverenga mutengo weArms Deal kungo wedzera iyo mari yakabhadharwa kumakambani emauto pakati pe2000 na 2014 sezviri muDhipatimendi reDziviriro. uye iyo mari ichiri kubhadharwa pamakwereti inosanganisira mubereko kubva muna 2014, seizvi:
Kana tikawedzerwa pamwechete nenzira iyi, isu tinosvika nhamba yeR61.501-bhiriyoni. Uye, chokwadi, ichi chaive chiitiko chimwe chete chaiudzwa munhau dzeSouth Africa panguva iyoyo, chikanganiso chakafambiswa, muchikamu, nekutadza kweSeriti Commission kujekesa humbowo hwaDonaldon.
Chikanganiso chiri mukuti chiratidzo chaDonaldson chakabatanidza tafura yakatsanangurwa kumagumo emashoko ake ayo akatsanangura kuti yakabhadharwa marii kuti igadziriswe mari yemari uye zvikamu zvemubereko zvemakwereti. Iri tafura rakasimbisa kuti, kusvika 2014, mari yeR10.1-bhiriyoni iri mubereko yakabhadharwa pamusoro uye pamusoro pemabhadhariro echikwereti chemari.
Zvine musoro, tinogona kuratidza kuti mari iyi haina kubhadharwa kunze kweDhipatimendi reDziviriro bhajeti, nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Kutanga, mari yakabhadharwa kubva kuDhipatimendi reDziviriro bhajeti yakabhadharwa kumakambani ekubatisa zvombo, kwete mabhangi. Chechipiri, sekusimbisirwa kwavakaitwa naDonaldson, kubhadhara nechikwereti mubairo kunoonekwa muNational Revenue Fund, kwete mabhajeti ebazi.
Izvi zvinoreva, zvakapusa, ndezvekuti tine imwezve mari yekubatanidza mumutengo wedu weArms Deal formula, kureva, iyo mari yakabhadharwa mubereko pakati pe2000 na 2014, iyo inotipa zvinotevera:
Tichishandisa kuverenga uku tinosvika pamutengo unosvika R71.864-bhiriyoni:
Uye ikozvino kugadzirisa kugadzirisa inflation
Inflation ndiko kuwedzera kwemutengo wezvinhu uye masevhisi pamusoro penguva mumamwe mari. Kana, zvakapusa, chingwa chechingwa muna 1999 chakadhura zvakaderera pamari yerandi kupfuura zvainoita muna 2020.
Izvi ndezvechokwadi nezveArms Deal zvakare. Kuti uwane pfungwa yezvakawanda sei Arms Deal inonyatso mutengo maererano neyatinogona kunzwisisa nhasi, tinoda kuratidza mutengo weyakaiswa muna 2020 tsika. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti R2.9-bhirionari yatinobhadhara kumakambani emauto muna 2000/01 haina kukosha zvakafanana neR2.9-bhirioni yakabhadharwa parizvino, sezvakaita R2.50 yatinobhadhara nechingwa chechingwa muna 1999. kusaenda kunotenga chingwa chakawanda chinodhura R10 muna 2020.
Kuti uverenge mutengo weArms Deal mu2020 kukosha, ndakaita matatu seti dzakasiyana dzekuverenga.
Kutanga, ini ndakatora mari yakabhadharwa kumakambani emauto gore negore kubva muDhipatimendi reDziviriro. Ini ndabva ndagadzirisa gore rega rega gore kuti riwedzere inflation, kuti riunze kusvika kumatengo e2020, sekudaro:
Chechipiri, kune mubereko wakabhadharwa kare, ini ndakaitawo chinhu ichochi. Nekudaro, hurumende haina kubvira yaburitsa kuti yakabhadharwa marii mubereko gore rega rega. Isu tinoziva, zvisinei, kubva pane zvakataurwa naDonaldson, gore ripi iro hurumende yakatanga kubhadhara zvimwe zvikwereti, uye isu tinoziva zvakare kuti zvikwereti zvakabhadharwa mumari dzakaenzana gore rega rega. Naizvozvo zvinogona kuti mubereko wakabhadharwa nenzira yakafanana. Ndatora iwo mubairo wakabhadharwa nechikwereti chega chega, ndokuchikamura nehuwandu hwemakore pakati pechikwereti chakabhadharwa uye na 2014 (zuva raitaurwa naDonaldson), ndokuzogadzirisa gore rega rega nekuda kwekukwira.
Kuti tishandise semuenzaniso, hurumende yeSouth Africa yakatora zvikwereti zvitatu neBarclays Bank kuti ifukidze mutengo wekutenga kweJ Hawk neGipip jets kubva ku BAE Systems neSAAB. Chirevo chaDonaldson chinoburitsa kuti chikwereti chakaiswa mu "kudzorera" muna2005, uye kuti R6-bhiriyoni yakabhadharwa pamari dzakabhadharwa panguva iyoyo kusvika 2014. Kugovaniswa huwandu uhu zvakaenzana pakati pamakore a2005 na2014 uyezve kugadzirisa mamiriro emagetsi kunopa. isu kuverenga izvi:
Chekupedzisira, ndakaita huwandu hwakafanana hwekuverenga iyo iyo mari ichiri kudzoserwa pamakwereti (ese makuru uye mubereko) kubva muna 2014. Chirevo chaDonaldson chakasimbisa kuti zvikwereti zvakasiyana zvaizobhadharwa panguva dzakasiyana. Mari dzechikwereti chemaraini, semuenzaniso, dzaizobhadharwa munaChikunguru 2016, makurukota akaitwa muna Kubvumbi 2014, uye Barclays Bank zvikwereti zveHawk uye Gripen jet muna Gumiguru 2020. Akasimbisawo mari izere kuti idzorerwe pachikwereti chimwe nechimwe. pakati pa 2014 nemazuva iwayo.
Kuti ugadzirise inflation, ini ndatora iyo mari yakataurwa seyakakurisa (zvese mumadhorobha nemubhadharo werubhadharo pamakwereti), ndokuigovana zvakaenzana pagore kusvika pazuva rekupedzisira rekubhadhara, uye ndokuzogadzirisa gore rega rega nekuda kwekukwira. Kuti tishandise muenzaniso weBarclays Bank zvakare, tinowana idzi nhamba:
Muverengi akangwarira angadai akaona chimwe chinhu chakakosha: kuswedera kwegore ra2020, kuderera kwem inflation kuri. Izvo zvinoita, saka, kuti fungidziro yangu yakanyanyisa, nekuti izvo zvinogoneka (kunyangwe zvisingaite) kuti mamwe emabhadhariro echikwereti akaitwa padhuze ne2020 pane kusvika 2014.
Kuvhiringidza ichi ndechechokwadi kuti zvataurwa naDonaldson zvakapa kuti mari idzi dzidzoserwe muhuwandu hwemari. Nekudaro, izvo zvikwereti zvaive chaizvo zvakaverengerwa musanganiswa weBritain mapaundi, US madhora neSweden krone. Tichifunga nezve hammor iyo randi yatora pamari yese kubva muna 2014, zviri nyore kuti mari yakabhadharwa yaive yakakwira kupfuura zvakataurwa naDonaldson kuti ndizvo zvichaitika pakati pa2014 na2020.
Tine bakoat iyi tisingabvi munzira, tinogona ikozvino kuwedzera iyo huwandu huwandu hunogadziriswa inflation, tichiuya kumutengo wakakwana weR142.864-bhiriyoni mumitengo ye2020:
