Iko Kudikanwa kwekugumisa Hondo

NaMohammed Abunahel, World BEYOND War, January 6, 2021

2020 yapera, asi nyika ichiri kutarisana nedambudziko guru rehondo nemakakatanwa. Mibvunzo yakawanda isina mhinduro inoda kujekeswa nevatungamiriri venyika uye vanoita sarudzo. Ndeipi kukosha kwehondo? Hondo dzichapera rinhi pasi rese? Panogona kunge paine dzimwe nzira dzehondo? Sei tichiri kuona hondo kubva kuSyria kuenda kuYemen, kubva kuSouth Sudan kuenda kuVenezuela?

Munhoroondo yese, hondo, kurwisana, dambudziko uye kurwa nezvombo kwakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwevanhu; izvi hazvisi zvitsva, hongu. Sangano reUN Refugee Agency UNHCR's latest report vakafungidzira huwandu hwevanhu vakamanikidzwa kusiya misha yavo pamamirioni makumi masere nekuda kwemhirizhonga, kupokana, kutambudzwa, kana kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Huwandu uhwu hunosanganisira vanotsvaga hupoteri mamirioni 80, makumi mashanu nemashanu emamiriyoni evapoteri vari mudzimba, pamwe nevapoteri vanosvika mamirioni 4.2.

Nei tine nhamba yakakura iyi yevakauraiwa? Mhinduro yakapusa ihondo nemakakatanwa pakati penyika kana mukati merudzi rumwe. Hondo dzinofanirwa kupera mune yega yega kona yenyika. Kuwedzera kwakakosha muhuwandu hwekupokana kwakaonekwa mukati memakore gumi apfuura; United Nations yakakundikana kudzosera hutongi muPalestine; Saudi Arabia yakagadzira njodzi yerubatsiro muYemen; Hondo yeSyria, kunetsana muSouth Sudan nedzimwe nzvimbo zhinji pasi rose. Uye zvakadaro, magariro pamwe nehupfumi hweCOVID-19 zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya mapoka epasi anotambura, kusanganisira vasina nyika uye vakamanikidzwa kudzingwa, zvichivaita mukuda kukuru kubatana uye rutsigiro.

Kuwedzera kusuwa kwevanhu hakuuyi chete kubva kuhondo nemakakatanwa asiwo kubva munzira iyo hurumende, asiri ehurumende mapoka akashongedzerwa, vatungamiriri uye vanoita sarudzo vanotsvaga kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvemauto nezvematongerwo enyika. Vanhu ivavo ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvehondo; ivo vanorwadzisa nemaune vanhuwo zvavo, kurwisa, kumanikidza vanhu kudzora kana kudzora vanhu vasingatarise kutambura kukuru kwavari kuita. Kukuvadza kwevanhu muPalestine, Yemen, Siria neSouth Sudan humbowo hwakajeka hwekutambura kwakakonzerwa mune kumwe kunetsana kwakanyanya nhasi.

Muna 1914, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakatanga. Nei yakarwiwa? Mutungamiri weUS Woodrow Wilson akataura izvi nezvehondo iyi: "Hondo iyi, pakuvambwa kwayo, yaive yekutengeserana neyemaindasitiri." Munhoroondo yese yehondo, hapana vakundi chaivo muhondo. Migumisiro yehondo haina muganho; mhedzisiro yavo, iyo inogona kuoneka mukureba-uye kwenguva pfupi, inosanganisira kukuvara mumuviri uye nepfungwa kuvarume, vakadzi nevana, pamusoro penjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, kuwedzera kuremara mumuviri, kushaya chikafu zvinovaka muviri, hurombo husingaperi, chirwere chepfungwa, hupfumi / kudzikira kwenzanga uye kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu vasina pekugara, pamwe nekuderedzwa kwezvinhu uye hupfumi hwevanhu, kungotaura mashoma. Mapato ese muhondo anotambudzwa; hapana 'vakundi'.

Iko hakuna zviratidziro zvehondo zvinopera munzvimbo dzekupokana dzepasi kunze kwekunge zvigaro zvemauto zvikavhara nekudyara muzvombo zvapera. Hondo nebasa muPalestine hazvigone kupera apo US ichiri kutsigira Israel. Sekureva kweshumo rakaburitswa munaNovember 2020 neCongressal Research Service, iyo American administration, ichishanda neCongress, yakapa Israel nerupo rutsigiro rwekugovana "zvine hungwaru" zvinangwa muMiddle East. IUS yakashongedzera Israel nerubatsiro rwepasirose uye zvombo, uye nemari inosvika $ 146 bhiriyoni. Israel yakagashirawo zvakakosha zvehupfumi padivi pekubatsirwa nemauto

Pamusoro pekubatsira kwezvemari nevemauto, iyo US inotsigira Israel nekushandisa masimba ayo eveto muUnited Nations Security Council kudzima chisarudzo chero chipi chinopesana nemutemo weIsrael. IUS yakashandisa yavo veto simba makumi mana nematatu kupesana nekunyorwa kwesarudzo Security Council zvisarudzo zvinoshora Israeri. Chisarudzo chekupedzisira chakabviswa neUnited States chaive kushora mhirizhonga yeIsrael kunoratidzira varatidziri panguva ye "Great March of Return" musi waJune 1, 2018.

Ko zvakadii neYemen? Gakava iri rakabva mukumukira kweArab Spring kwe2011. Kumukira kwacho kwakamanikidza aimbove mutungamiri wenyika, Ali Abdullah Saleh, kuti ape masimba kumutevedzeri wake, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. Kubva panguva iyoyo, Yemen yanga ichirwisana nematambudziko akasiyana siyana, anosanganisira huwori, kushaikwa kwemabasa, kusachengeteka kwezvikafu uye kurwiswa. Saudi Arabia nedzimwe nyika dzinotenda kuti Iran inotsigira kufamba kweHouthi (inozivikanwa nenzira saA Ansar Allah); semhedzisiro, nyika idzi dzakatanga mushandirapamwe wemhepo wakanangana nekupedza simba reIran muYemen nekukunda maHouthis. Ipapo mubatanidzwa uyu wakawana rutsigiro rwekushandisa pamwe nehungwaru kubva kuFrance, UK neUS.

Sekureva kweSecurity Council ripoti muna Kurume 2020, vangangoita zviuru mazana manomwe nemazana manomwe vakaurayiwa, nezvakawanda zvichikonzerwa nemaairstrikes anotungamirwa neSaudi. Iyo Yemauto Kurwisana Nzvimbo uye Chiitiko Dhata Project (ACLED) yakanyorwa zvinopfuura zviuru zana zvevanhu vakafa, kusanganisira vanhu zviuru gumi nezviviri vakauraiwa nekurwiswa zvisina kunanga, kubvira 100,000. Nekuda kweiyi mhirizhonga inotungamirwa neSaudi, Yemen iri kusangana nedambudziko rakaipisisa revanhu.

Nei kune hondo muSyria? Kumukira murunyararo kwakanangana neMutungamiri Bashar al-Assad, uyo akatsiva baba vake, Hafez, kwakashanduka kuita hondo yevagari vemo yakazara zvichikonzera kuuraya, hurombo, kuita hutsinye, nharaunda dzakaparadzaniswa, uye kuparadzwa kukuru. Mazuva ano, Siria yave imba yemitambo yehondo.

Vanhu veSyria vabatwa sei? Hondo muSyria inopfuura kurwa pakati pevaya vanotsigira kana kupokana Mutungamiri Al-Assad. Iyo United Nations akakwanisa kufungidzira nhamba dzinotevera, uye nhamba chaidzo dzinogona kunge dzakakwira zvakanyanya:

• Vanosvika mamirioni matatu nematatu evana mukati meSyria vari panjodzi dzinoputika dzinosanganisira zvimbambaira, zvisungo zvisina kuputika uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa.
• Vanopfuura mamirioni 1.5 vanhu vava kurarama nehurema, zvine chekuita nehondo, kusanganisira vanhu zviuru mazana masere nezviuru vakarasikirwa nemitezo.
• Pakati pevapoteri veSyria muRebhanoni neJoridhani, makumi masere muzana ekukuvara mhedzisiro yehondo.
• Kushaikwa kwekuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera uye kwepfungwa kwakatakura kukuvara kwenguva refu kana kuwedzera uye mamiriro ekuremara pakati pevana.
• Vana vakaremara vanotarisana nenjodzi dzakakwirira dzemhirizhonga uye vanosangana nematambudziko ekuwana rubatsiro rwekutanga kusanganisira hutano nedzidzo.
• Njodzi yemhirizhonga, kushandiswa, kushungurudzwa uye kuregeredzwa kwevana vakaremara inowedzerwa nerufu rwekuparadzaniswa nevachengeti.
• Mhuri dzevana vakaremara mumakakatanwa kana mudambudziko kazhinji vanoshaya nzira kana kugona kupa vana vavo nhumbi dzekubatsira dzavanoda.

Uye zvakadaro, nyaya dzakafanana dzinodzokororwa pasirese. Pane kudiwa kwekukurumidza kwekuvhara mabhesheni ese emauto uye kutsigira vanhu vari kushaiwa.

Hondo yagara iri iyo huru blot pavanhu. United Nations, kuburikidza nemasangano ayo, inofanirwa kutora matanho akasimba ekugadzirisa mamiriro azvino munzvimbo dzinopesana. Zvikasadaro, huwandu hwevakafa uye vanhu vakasiya misha vacharamba vachiwedzera. Mazhinji emakakatanwa ari mune dzinonzi "Nyika Yechitatu", uko zvirongwa zvebudiriro zvatove zvichidiwa nekukurumidza. Rugare rusingaperi runoratidzika kunge rwatisingakwanise; kunyangwe kuyedza kwakaitwa kubvisa hondo, kubudirira hakuna kuwanikwa kusvika parizvino. Masangano akaita se World BEYOND War zviripo kuunza ichi chinangwa.

Pamusoro Author

Mohammad Abunahel mutori wenhau wePalestine uye muturikiri, parizvino achiteedzera degree rake raTenzi mukukurukurirana nevazhinji uye utapi venhau kuTezpur University kuIndia. Chido chake chikuru chiri mudanho rePalestine; akanyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda nezvekutambura kwevaPalestine mukutapa kweIsrael. Anoronga kuteedzera Ph.D. zvichitevera kupedzwa kwake Master's degree.