NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, January 29, 2023
David Swanson ndiye munyori webhuku idzva Iyo Monroe Dzidziso pa200 uye Zvekuitsiva Nayo.
Isu tinowanzo dzidziswa kuti Monroe Doctrine haina kuitwa kusvika makumi emakore mushure mekutaura kwayo, kana kuti haina kuitwa serezinesi reimperialism kusvika yashandurwa kana kududzirwazve nezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Idzi hadzisi nhema, asi dzakanyanyisa. Chimwe chezvikonzero nei ichiwedzeredzwa ndicho chikonzero chimwe chete icho isu dzimwe nguva tinodzidziswa kuti US imperialism haina kutanga kusvika 1898, uye chikonzero chimwe chete icho hondo yeVietnam, uye gare gare hondo yeAfghanistan, yakanzi " hondo refu kwazvo yeUS.” Chikonzero ndechekuti maNative America haasati abatwa sevari uye vanga vari vanhu chaivo, vane nyika chaidzo, nehondo dzavaipikisa dziri hondo chaidzo. Chikamu cheNorth America chakaguma muUnited States chinobatwa sechakawanikwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kusiri kwehumambo, kana kunyangwe sekusave nekubatanidzwa kwekuwedzera zvachose, kunyangwe kukunda chaiko kwaiuraya zvakanyanya, uye kunyangwe vamwe veavo vari kumashure. kukura kwehumambo uku kwaida kuti iise Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, neCentral America. Kukunda kwezvizhinji (asi kwete zvese) zveNorth America ndiko kwaive kuita kunoshamisa kweMonroe Doctrine, kunyangwe kana isingawanzo fungwa seine hukama nayo zvachose. Mutsara wekutanga weDzidziso pachawo waipesana neRussia colonialism muNorth America. Kukunda kweUS kwe (kwakawanda) kuNorth America, pazvaiitwa, kwaiwanzoruramiswa sekupokana neEuropean colonialism.
Zvizhinji zvechikwereti kana mhosva yekunyora iyo Monroe Dzidziso inopiwa kuna Mutungamiri James Monroe Munyori weHurumende John Quincy Adams. Asi hapana kana humwe hunyanzvi hwemunhu kune chirevo. Mubvunzo wekuti ndeupi mutemo wekutaura wakakakavadzana naAdams, Monroe, nevamwe, nechisarudzo chekupedzisira, pamwe nekusarudzwa kweAdams kuti ave munyori wehurumende, achiwira kuMonroe. Iye nevamwe vake “madzibaba akavamba” vakanga vagadzira hutungamiriri humwechete chaizvo kuitira kuti vakwanise kuisa mutoro kune mumwe munhu.
James Monroe aive mutungamiri wechishanu weAmerica, uye aive mutungamiriri wekupedzisira baba muvambi, achitevera nzira yaThomas Jefferson naJames Madison, shamwari dzake nevavakidzani munzvimbo yava kunzi Central Virginia, uyezve vachitevera mumwe chete munhu akakwikwidza asina kupikisa. yechipiri, mumwe muVirginia kubva kuchikamu cheVirginia kwakakurira Monroe, George Washington. Monroe zvakare kazhinji anowira mumimvuri yevamwe. Kuno muCharlottesville, Virginia, kwandinogara, uye kwaigara Monroe naJefferson, chifananidzo chaMonroe, chakambowanikwa pakati penzvimbo yeYunivhesiti yeVirginia, chakatsiviwa kare kare nechifananidzo chemudetembi wechiGiriki Homer. Nzvimbo huru yekushanyirwa pano iimba yaJefferson, imba yaMonroe ichiwana chikamu chidiki chekutariswa. Mumhanzi wakakurumbira weBroadway "Hamilton," James Monroe haana kushandurwa kuita muAfrica-America anopikisa huranda uye anoda rusununguko uye kuratidza tunes nekuti haana kubatanidzwa zvachose.
Asi Monroe munhu akakosha pakusikwa kweUnited States sezvatinoziva nhasi, kana kuti anofanira kunge ari. Monroe aive mutendi mukuru muhondo nemauto, uye pamwe mumiriri mukuru mumakumi emakumi emakore ekutanga eUnited States pakushandisa mari muchiuto uye nekugadzwa kwemauto akamira kure-chimwe chinhu chaipikiswa nevarairidzi vaMonroe Jefferson naMadison. Hazvingave zvakatambanukira kutumidza Monroe baba vakavamba vemauto maindasitiri (kushandisa mutsara wekuti Eisenhower wakagadziridzwa kubva ku "mauto eindasitiri congressional complex" kana, sevanorwira runyararo vatanga kuita dhinominesheni zvichitevera mutsauko - mumwe pakati pevazhinji - yakashandiswa neshamwari yangu Ray McGovern, iyo Military-Industrial-Congressional-Intelligence-Media-Academia-Think Tank complex, kana MICIMATT).
Mazana maviri emakore ekugara achiwedzera mauto uye kuvanzika inyaya hombe. Kunyangwe kudzikamisa musoro kuWestern Hemisphere, ipa mubhuku rangu richangoburwa chete zvakakwirira, pamwe nemamwe madingindira, mimwe mienzaniso, mamwe mazita uye manhamba, kuratidza pamufananidzo uzere kusvika pandinogona kuzviita. Iri saga rezviito zvemauto, kusanganisira coups, uye kutyisidzira, asiwo matanho ehupfumi.
Muna 1829 Simón Bolívar akanyora kuti United States “inoratidzika kuva yakarongerwa kutambudza America kunhamo muzita rorusununguko.” Chero maonero akapararira eUnited States seanobvira mudziviriri muLatin America akararama kwenguva pfupi. Mukuwirirana nomunyori woupenyu hweBolívar, “MuSouth America maiva nokunzwa kwomunyika yose kuti iyi repabhuriki yedangwe, iyo yaifanira kuva yakabetsera vaduku, yakanga, mukupesana, ichiedza bedzi kukurudzira kusawirirana uye kunyandura zvinetso kuti iparadze. pindira panguva yakakodzera.”
Chinondibaya pakutarisa makumi emakore ekutanga eDzidziso yeMonroe, uye kunyangwe gare gare, kuti kangani hurumende dzeLatin America dzakakumbira United States kutsigira Dzidziso yeMonroe uye kupindira, uye United States yakaramba. Hurumende yeUS payakafunga kuita paMonroe Doctrine kunze kweNorth America, yaivewo kunze kweWestern Hemisphere. Muna 1842, Munyori weHurumende Daniel Webster akanyevera Britain neFrance kubva kuHawaii. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo Monroe Doctrine haina kutsigirwa nekudzivirira nyika dzeLatin America, asi yaizowanzo shandiswa kuvaparadza.
David Swanson ndiye munyori webhuku idzva Iyo Monroe Dzidziso pa200 uye Zvekuitsiva Nayo.
