NaDavid Swanson, Gumiguru 1, 2020
Kana iwe ukatsvaga padandemutande mifananidzo ye "salute yeNazi" iwe unowana zvekare zvifananidzo kubva kuGerman uye zvichangobva mifananidzo kubva kuUnited States. Asi kana iwe ukatsvaga mifananidzo ye "Bellamy salute" iwe unowana zvisingaverengeke zvitema-uye-zvichena mifananidzo yevana veUS uye vakuru nemaoko avo erudyi akasimudzwa akaomarara pamberi pavo mune izvo zvinozobaya vanhu vazhinji sarupu yeNazi. Kubva kutanga kwema1890s kusvika 1942 United States yakashandisa sarupu yaBellamy kuperekedza mazwi akanyorwa naFrancis Bellamy uye anozivikanwa sePledge of Allegiance. Muna 1942, iyo US Congress yakaraira maAmerican kuti panzvimbo pavo vaise maoko avo pamusoro pemoyo yavo kana vachipika kuvimbika kumureza, kuti vasazofungidzirwa nevaNazi.[I]
Jacques-Louis David 1784 kupenda Mhiko yeva Horatii Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakatanga fashoni iyo yakatora kwemazana emakore ekuratidzira vaRoma vekare sechiito chakangofanana nechairo cheBellamy kana sarupu yeNazi.[Ii]
Iyo US danho kugadzirwa kwe Ben Hur, uye 1907 firimu vhezheni yakafanana, yakashandisa chiratidzo. Avo vanoishandisa muzvinhu zvinoshamisa zveUS zvenguva iyoyo vangadai vaiziva sarupu yaBellamy uye tsika yekuratidzira "salute yeRoma" mune hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Sekuziva kwedu, "saruro yeRoma" haina kubvira yashandiswa nevaRoma vekare.
Ehe, iri sarupu yakapusa, haina kuoma kufunga; pane chete zvinhu zvakawanda kwazvo izvo vanhu zvavanogona kuita nemaoko avo. Asi apo vaFascist veItaly vakaisimudza, yakanga isina kupona kubva kuRoma yekare kana kuve ichangotangwa. Yakanga yaonekwa mukati Ben Hur, uye mumafirimu akati wandei eItaly akaiswa munguva dzekare, kusanganisira Cabiria (1914), yakanyorwa naGabriele D'Annunzio.
Kubva 1919 kusvika 1920 D'Annunzio akazviita iye mudzvanyiriri wechinhu chinonzi Italian Regency yeCarnaro, yaive kukura kweguta rimwe diki. Akatanga maitiro mazhinji ayo Mussolini aizokodzera munguva pfupi, kusanganisira nyika yemubatanidzwa, tsika dzeveruzhinji, matsotsi akapfeka nhema-nhema, hurukuro dzevharanda, uye "saruro yeRoma," iyo angadai akaona Cabiria.
Pakazosvika 1923, maNazi akange atora salute yekukwazisa Hitler, achifungidzira kutevedzera maItaly. Mune iwo ma1930 mafasistist mafambiro mune dzimwe nyika nehurumende dzakasiyana siyana pasirese vakatora. Hitler pachake akarondedzera mavambo ekare ekuGerman kukwazisa, uko, sekuziva kwedu, hakusi kwechokwadi kuti mavambo ekare eRoma kana hafu yezvinhu zvinobuda mumuromo waDonald Trump.[Iii] Hitler zvirokwazvo aiziva nezvekushandisa kwaMusolini sarupu uye anenge aiziva nezvekushandisa kweUS. Kunyangwe kubatana kweUS kwakamufarira mukukwazisa salute kana kwete, zvinoita sekunge hakuna kumudzivisa kutora sarupu iyi.
Iyo salute yepamutemo yeOlimpiki yakafananawo neaya mamwe, kunyangwe isingawanzo shandiswa nekuti vanhu havadi kutaridzika sevaNazi. Yaive yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muma1936 Olimpiki muBerlin, uye yakavhiringidza vanhu vazhinji ipapo uye kubvira ipapo kuti ndiani aikwazisa maOlimpiki uye ndiani aikwazisa Hitler. Maposita kubva kuma 1924 Olimpiki anoratidza sarupu neruoko rwakada kumira mushe. Mufananidzo kubva kuma 1920 Olimpiki unoratidza salute yakati siyanei.
Zvinotaridza kuti vanhu vakati wandei vaive nepfungwa dzakafanana panguva imwe chete, pamwe kufurirwa. Uye zvinoita sekunge Hitler akapa zano zita rakaipa, zvichitungamira kune wese munhu kuti aridonhedze, agadzirise, kana kurideredza kubva ipapo kuenda kumberi.
Musiyano upi zvaunoita? Hitler angadai akaisa salute iyi pasina United States iripo. Kana dai aisagona, aigona kunge akatanga imwe salute iyo yaisazove iri nani kana yakaipa. Ehe saizvozvo. Asi dambudziko harisi panoiswa ruoko. Dambudziko ndiyo yekumanikidza tsika yekuita zvehondo uye bofu, kuteerera kwekushandira.
Izvo zvaidikanwa kwazvo muNazi Germany kupa salute mukukwazisa, ichiperekedzwa nemashoko ekuti Rumbidzai Hitler! kana Rumbidzai Kunda! Izvo zvaidikanwawo kana Rwiyo rweNyika kana Nhengo yeNazi Party ichiimbwa. Rwiyo rwenyika rwakapemberera hukuru hweGerman, machismo, nehondo.[Iv] Nziyo yeNazi yaipemberera mireza, Hitler, nehondo.[V]
Francis Bellamy paakagadzira Chibvumirano chekuremekedza, chakaunzwa sechikamu chechirongwa chezvikoro zvakabatanidza chitendero, kuda nyika, mireza, kuteerera, tsika, hondo, nemirwi uye mirwi yemakatanwa.[vi]
Ehezve, vhezheni yazvino yechibvumirano yakati siyanei zvishoma kubva kumusoro uye inoverengwa: “Ndinovimbisa kuvimbika kuMureza weUnited States of America, uye kuRepublic iyo yakamira, Rudzi rumwe rwuri pasi paMwari, rusingaonekwe, nerusununguko uye kururamisira vese. ”[vii]
Urudzi, hunyanzvi, chinamato, chisarudzika, uye tsika yekupika yekuvimbika kune chidimbu chemucheka: uyu musanganiswa. Kumisikidza izvi pavana kunofanirwa kuve pakati penzira dzakaipisisa dzekuvagadzirira kupikisa fascism. Paunenge iwe wavimbisa kuvimbika kwako kumureza, chii chaunofanira kuita kana mumwe munhu achizunguzira iyo mureza uye achidanidzira kuti vatorwa vatorwa vanoda kuurawa? Kazhinji muridzi wehurumende yeUS muridzi wemurwi kana murwi wehondo murwiri werunyararo asingazokuudze kuti inguvai yavakapedza kuyedza kuzvibvisira ivo vese nyika yavo yakaiswa mavari sevana.
Vamwe vanhu vanoshanyira United States vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanokatyamadzwa vachiona vana vakamira, vachishandisa sarupu yakagadziriswa, uye vachidzokorora mhiko yekuvimbika ku "nyika iri pasi paMwari." Zvinoita sekunge kuchinjika kwechinzvimbo chemaoko hakuna kubudirira mukuvadzivirira kutaridzika sevaNazi.[viii]
Sarupu yeNazi haina kungoregwa kuGerman; rakarambidzwa. Nepo mireza yeNazi uye nziyo zvichiwanzo kuwanika pamisangano yerusaruro muUnited States, zvinorambidzwa kuGerman, uko maNazi maNazi dzimwe nguva anozunguzira mureza weChitederate States of America senzira yepamutemo yekuita poindi imwecheteyo.
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Excerpted kubva Kusiya Hondo Yenyika II shure.
Vhiki rinouya kosi yepamhepo inotanga pamusoro wenyaya wekusiya WWII kumashure:
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[I] Erin Blakemore, Smithsonian Magazine, "Mitemo Yekuti Ungataure Sei Mureza weUS Wakauya Nezvekuti Hapana Mumwe Aida Kutaridzika SeNazi," Nyamavhuvhu 12, 2016, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/rules-about-how-to- taura-isu-mureza-akauya-nezve-nekuti-hapana-mumwe-aida-kutarisa-kunge-nazi-180960100
[Ii] Jessie Guy-Ryan, Atlas Obscura, "Kukwazisa kwakaita vaNazi kwakava chiito chinonyangadza pasi rose: Hitler akagadzira midzi yeGerman yekukwazisa - asi nhoroondo yayo yaive yatozadzwa nehunyengeri," Kurume 12, 2016, https: //www.atlasobscura .com / zvinyorwa / how-the-nazi-salute-became-the-worlds-most-annoying-gesture
[Iii] Tafura yaHitler Taura: 1941-1944 (New York: Enigma Mabhuku, 2000), https://www.nationalists.org/pdf/hitler/hitlers-table-talk-roper.pdf 179 peji
[Iv] Wikipedia, "Deutschlandlied," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschlandlied
[V] Wikipedia, "Horst-Wessel-Akanyepa," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied
[vi] Shamwari Yevechidiki, 65 (1892): 446–447. Yakadhindwazve muScot M. Guenter, Iyo American Flag, 1777-1924: Tsika Shifts (Cranbury, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Press, 1990). Yakataurwa Nenhoroondo Nyaya: Iyo US Ongororo Kosi paWebhu, George Mason University, "'Nyika Imwe! Mumwe Mutauro! Mureza Mumwe! ' Kugadzirwa kweTsika yeAmerica, "http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5762
[vii] Kodhi yeUS, Musoro 4, Chitsauko 1, Chikamu 4, https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title4/chapter1&edition=prelim
[viii] “Rondedzero yenyika dzese uko vana vanogara vachivimbisa kuvimbika kumureza ichave ipfupi, uye isingasanganisi nyika dzakapfuma dzekuMadokero kunze kweUnited States. Nepo dzimwe nyika dzine mhiko kumarudzi (Singapore) kana vadzvanyiriri (North Korea), ndinogona chete kuwana nyika imwe kunze kweUnited States uko chero munhu anoti vana vanogara vachivimbisa kuvimbika kumureza: Mexico. Uye ndinoziva kune dzimwe nyika mbiri dzine vimbiso yekuvimbika kune mureza, kunyange hazvo ichiita kunge isinga chishandise nguva zhinji sezvinoita United States. Ose ari maviri nyika dziri pasi pesimba rinorema reUS, uye muzviitiko zvese izvi chitsidzo chiri chitsva. Philippines yakave nemhiko yekuvimbika kubva muna 1996, neSouth Korea kubva muna 1972, asi chibvumirano chazvino kubvira 2007. ” Kubva kuna David Swanson, Kurapa Kunakidzwa: Chii Chakaipa Nemafungiro Atinoita Nezve nyika dzakabatana? Chii Chatingaite Nezvazvo? (David Swanson, 2018).
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