Gélin Buteau (Haiti), Guede with Drum, ca. 1995.
By Tricontinental, October 25, 2022
Vadiwa shamwari,
Kwaziso kubva padhesiki re Tricontinental: Sisitimu Yekutsvaga Kwemagariro.
Pamusangano weUnited Nations General Assembly musi wa 24 Gunyana 2022, Gurukota rezvekunze reHaiti, VaJean Victor Geneus, vakabvuma kuti nyika yavo yakatarisana nedambudziko rakakura, raakaita. akati 'inogona kugadziriswa chete nerutsigiro runoshanda rwevatinoshanda navo'. Kune vakawanda vanonyatsocherechedza mamiriro ezvinhu muHaiti, mutsara wokuti 'rutsigiro runoshanda' rwakanzwika seGeneus airatidza kuti kumwe kupindira kwemauto nemasimba ekuMadokero kwakanga kwava pedyo. Chokwadi, mazuva maviri pamberi pekutaura kwaGeneus, The Washington Post yakabudisa chinyorwa chemupepeti wemamiriro ezvinhu muHaiti machiri akadana ye 'muscular action by outside actors'. Musi wa15 Gumiguru, United States neCanada dzakapa a joint statement vachizivisa kuti vakanga vatumira ndege dzemauto kuHaiti kuti dziendese zvombo kumasangano ekuchengetedza eHaiti. Zuva rimwe chetero, United States yakatumira gwaro Chisarudzo kuUN Security Council inodaidzira kuti 'kutumirwa kwemauto emarudzi akawanda nekukurumidza' muHaiti.
Kubva Haitian Revolution yakawana rusununguko kubva kuFrance muna 1804, Haiti yakatarisana nemafungu akatevedzana ekurwisa, kusanganisira makumi maviri emakore akareba US. basa kubva 1915 kusvika 1934, US-yakatsigirwa kudzvinyirira kubva 1957 kusvika 1986, maviri Western-backed coups vachipesana neaimbove Mutungamiriri Jean-Bertrand Aristide muna 1991 na2004, uye mauto eUN. kupindira kubva muna 2004 kusvika muna 2017. Kupinda uku kwakatadzisa Haiti kuwana hutongi hwayo uye kwatadzisa vanhu vayo kuvaka hupenyu hune chiremera. Kumwe kupinda, kungave nemauto eUS neCanada kana nemauto eUN anochengetedza runyararo, kunotowedzera dambudziko. Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research, iyo International Peoples' Assembly, ALBA Movements, Uye Plateforme Haïtienne de Plaidoyer pour un Developpement Alternatif ('Haitian Advocacy Platform for Alternative Development' kana PAPDA) vakagadzira yambiro dzvuku pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu muHaiti, inogona kuwanikwa pazasi uye kudhanilodha se PDF
Chii chiri kuitika muHaiti?
Kumukirana kwakakurumbira kwakaitika muHaiti muna 2022. Kuratidzira uku ndiko kuenderera mberi kwekutenderera kwekupokana kwakatanga muna 2016 mukupindura dambudziko remagariro rakagadzirwa necoups muna 1991 uye 2004, kudengenyeka kwenyika muna 2010, uye Hurricane Matthew muna 2016. Kweanopfuura zana ramakore, chero kuedza kwakaitwa nevanhu veHaiti kubuda muhurongwa hweneocolonial hwakatemerwa neuto reUS (1915-34) hwakasangana nekupindira kwemauto nehupfumi kuti huchengetedze. Zvimiro zveudzvinyiriri uye kudzvinyirirwa zvakavambwa nehurongwa uhu zvakaita kuti vanhu veHaiti varombo, ruzhinji rwevanhu rwusina mvura yekunwa, hutano, dzidzo, kana dzimba dzakanaka. Pavanhu veHaiti mamiriyoni 11.4, mamiriyoni 4.6 ndivo kushaya zvokudya uye 70% ndivo kushanda.
Manuel Mathieu (Haiti), Rempart ('Rampart'), 2018.
Izwi rechiHaitian Creole dechoukaj kana 'kudzura' - kwaive kutanga kushandiswa mumasangano anotsigira demokrasi muna 1986 akarwisa hudzvanyiriri hunotsigirwa neUS - hwasvika tsanangura kuratidzira kwazvino. Hurumende yeHaiti, inotungamirwa nemutevedzeri weMutungamiriri wehurumende nemutungamiri wenyika, Ariel Henry, yakakwidza mitengo yemafuta panguva yedambudziko iri, izvo zvakamutsa kuratidzira kubva kumasangano evashandi nekuwedzera hurongwa. Henry akadaro Akaiswa kunzvimbo yake muna 2021 ne 'Core Boka' (yakaumbwa nenyika nhanhatu uye ichitungamirwa neUS, European Union, UN, uye Sangano reAmerican States) mushure mekupondwa kwemutungamiri asingafarirwe Jovenel Moïse. Kunyange zvazvo zvisati zvagadziriswa, zvakadaro zvakajeka kuti Moïse akaurayiwa nerangano yaisanganisira bato raitonga, zvikwata zvekutengesa zvinodhaka, mamercenaries eColombia, uye masevhisi eungwaru eUS. Helen La Lime weUN Akaudzwa Security Council muna Kukadzi kuti kuferefetwa kwenyika pamusoro pekupondwa kwaMoïse kwakamira, mamiriro akaita makuhwa uye akawedzera kufungirana uye kusavimbana mukati menyika.
Fritzner Lamour (Haiti), Poste Ravine Pintade, ca. 1980.
Masimba eneocolonialism akaita sei?
United States neCanada zvino arming Hurumende yaHenry isiri pamutemo uye kuronga kupindira kwemauto muHaiti. Musi wa15 Gumiguru, US yakatumira gwaro Chisarudzo kuUnited Nations Security Council inodaidzira kuti 'kutumirwa kwemauto emarudzi akawanda nekukurumidza' munyika. Ichi chingave chitsauko chekupedzisira mumazana maviri emakore ekupindira kunoparadza nenyika dzekuMadokero muHaiti. Kubva muna 1804 Haitian Revolution, mauto e imperialism (kusanganisira varidzi vevaranda) akapindira zvechiuto uye zvehupfumi kurwisa mafambiro evanhu achitsvaga kugumisa neocolonial system. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mauto aya akapinda munyika achitungamirirwa neUnited Nations kuburikidza neUnited States Stabilization Mission muHaiti (MINUSTAH), iyo yakashanda kubva 2004 kusvika 2017. Kumwe kupindira kwakadaro muzita re 'kodzero dzevanhu' kwaizongosimbisa chete neocolonial system ikozvino inotungamirwa naAriel Henry uye yaizove njodzi kune vanhu veHaiti, avo mafambiro mberi ari kuvharwa nemakororo. akasika uye yakasimudzirwa kuseri kwezviitiko neHaitian oligarchy, inotsigirwa neCore Group, uye yakashongedzerwa nezvombo kubva United States.
Saint Louis Blaise (Haiti), Généraux ('Vakuru'), 1975.
Nyika ingamira sei mukubatana neHaiti?
Dambudziko reHaiti rinogona kugadziriswa chete nevanhu veHaiti, asi vanofanirwa kuperekedzwa nesimba guru rekubatana kwenyika. Nyika inogona kutarisa kune mienzaniso yakaratidzwa ne Cuban Medical Brigade, iyo yakatanga kuenda kuHaiti muna 1998; neVia Campesina/ALBA Movimientos brigade, iyo yakashanda nemafambiro akakurumbira pakudyara miti uye dzidzo yakakurumbira kubvira 2009; uye by rubatsiro yakapihwa nehurumende yeVenezuela, iyo inosanganisira mafuta akaderedzwa. Izvo zvakakosha kune avo vakamira mukubatana neHaiti kuti vade, zvishoma:
- kuti France neUnited States zvinopa mubairo wekubiwa kwehupfumi hweHaiti kubvira 1804, kusanganisira dzokera yegoridhe rakabiwa neUS muna 1914. France chete chikwereti Haiti inosvika $28 bhiriyoni.
- iyo United States dzokera Navassa Island kuenda kuHaiti.
- kuti United Nations kubhadhara nekuda kwemhosva dzakaparwa naMINUSTAH, ane mauto akauraya makumi ezviuru zvevaHaiti, akabata chibharo nhamba isingaverengeki yevakadzi, uye akaunza. cholera kupinda munyika.
- kuti vanhu vekuHaiti vabvumidzwe kuzvivakira hutongi hwavo, chiremera, uye hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi uye kugadzira dzidzo nehutano hunogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevanhu chaizvo.
- kuti mauto ose anofambira mberi anopikisa kupinda nechisimba kweHaiti.
Marie-Hélène Cauvin (Haiti), Trinité ('Utatu'), 2003
Pfungwa dzakajairika dzinoda mune iyi chenjedzo dzvuku haidi kutsanangurwa kwakawanda, asi dzinoda kukwidziridzwa.
Nyika dzekuMadokero dzichataura nezve kupindira kutsva kwemauto uku nemitsara yakaita senge 'kudzoreredza democracy' uye 'kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu'. Mazwi ekuti 'democracy' uye 'kodzero dzevanhu' anodzikisirwa muzviitiko izvi. Izvi zvakaratidzwa kuUN General Assembly munaGunyana, apo mutungamiri weAmerica, VaJoe Biden akati kuti hurumende yake inoramba 'yakamira nemuvakidzani wedu muHaiti'. Kusava nematuro kwemazwi aya kunoburitswa muAmnesty International itsva ripoti inonyora kushungurudzwa kwerusarura kwakatarisana nevatsvaki vekuHaiti vekuUnited States. IUS neCore Group vanogona kumira nevanhu vakaita saAriel Henry neHaitian oligarchy, asi havamire nevanhu vekuHaiti, kusanganisira avo vakatizira kuUnited States.
Muna 1957, munyori wemakomunisiti weHaiti Jacques-Stéphen Alexis akaburitsa tsamba kunyika yake yainzi. La belle amour humaine ('Rudo Rwakanaka Rwevanhu'). "Handifunge kuti kukunda kwetsika kunogona kuitika kwega pasina zviito zvevanhu," Alexis. akanyora. Muzukuru waJean-Jacques Dessalines, mumwe wevapanduki vakapidigura hutongi hweFrance muna 1804, Alexis akanyora zvinyorwa zvekusimudzira mweya wemunhu, zvakabatsira zvikuru kune Hondo Yepfungwa munyika yake. Muna 1959, Alexis akatanga Parti pour l'Entente Nationale ('People's Consensus Party'). Pana 2 Chikumi 1960, Alexis akanyorera mudzvanyiriri anotsigirwa neUS François 'Papa Doc' Duvalier kumuzivisa kuti iye nenyika yake vaizokunda mhirizhonga yehudzvanyiriri. 'Somurume uye semugari', Alexis akanyora, "hazvinzvengeki kunzwa kufamba kusingagoneki kwechirwere chinotyisa, kufa uku kunononoka, uko zuva rega rega rinotungamira vanhu vedu kumakuva emarudzi seakakuvadzwa pachyderms kune necropolis yenzou. '. Kufora uku kunogona kumiswa chete nevanhu. Alexis akamanikidzwa kuenda kuutapwa kuMoscow, kwaakapinda mumusangano wemapato emakomunisti epasi rose. Paakadzokera kuHaiti muna April 1961, akapambwa muMôle-Saint-Nicolas ndokuurayiwa noudzvinyiriri nguva pfupi pashure pacho. Mutsamba yake kuna Duvalier, Alexis akatsinhira, 'tiri vana venguva yemberi'.
Zvakasununguka,
Vijay
