NaDavid Swanson, May 13, 2019
Vanoti kunwira kwekupedzisira kwechinwiwa kunonyanya kugezwa nemusana. Manzwisisiro ekupedzisira ehondo anofanira kunge ari ekuti chidimbu chega chega chayo chisungo mupfungwa yakashandiswa naEllen N. La Motte mubhuku rake ra1916. The Backwash of War. La Motte akanga ari mukoti weUnited States aishanda pachipatara cheFrance muBelgium kwete kure neguta risati ragara risingaperi apo varume vakaurayana pasina chinangwa chinonzwisisika kwemwedzi pakupedzisira, uye miviri yakabikwa kubva kune rumwe rutivi, , vakaunzwa muchipatara kuti vafe kana kuti vachengetedzwe vari vapenyu uye - kana zvichibvira - kusungirirwa uye kutumirwazve mukati maro, kana, pane dzimwe nguva, vakadzoserana pamwe chete zvakakwana kuti vadururwe nokuda kwekuda.
La Motte, iro bhuku rake (rakangodhindwa rakabudiswa uye rakatumirwa naCynthia Wachtell) rakakurumidza kurambidzwa muEngland neFrance, asi rakatengeswa zvakanaka muUnited States kusvikira US inobvumirana nemauto muhondo, haana kuona chinhu chakanaka kana chinokudzwa, asi chakafungidzira kuti zvinofanira iva kunze uko. "Hazvina mubvunzo," akanyora kudaro, mberi, "yakabudisa mabasa matsvene okushinga, ushingi, kuzvipira, uye vanokudzwa. . . . Tirikuona chikamu chekushanduka kwevanhu, chikamu chinonzi Hondo - uye inononoka, mberi inofambira mberi inomutsa slide mumumvuri, uye ichi ndicho Backwash yeHondo. Icho chakaipa kwazvo. Pane hupenyu hudiki hudiki huchikwira mumhepo. Vanosunungurwa nemamiriro ekunze anowedzera, uye vanotenderera kumusoro, vanodzivirirwa kubva kumagariro avo, uye mumwe anovadzivirira, vasina simba, vanovanda, vanodzivisa. "
La Motte akarapa varwere vakanga vafashukira noumbwende, makaro, kushaya simba, uye urombo. Akaedza kuvabatanidza nemafungiro avakanga vanzi vakuvara uye vangangodaro vakauraya nekukuvadza vamwe. Akaedza kusiyanisa kuvagadzirisa kuti vadzokere kumberi kune mbiri kubva pakugadzirisa murwere aifanira kumiswa pamberi pedare nekupfurwa:
“Musiyano uri papi? Rakanga risiri basa risingafadzi here, kurerazve kuvarume vane utano kuti vapinzwe zvigamba vodzorerwa kumakoronga, kana kuti murume anofanira kusungirirwa, kutongerwa varwi nokupfurwa? Musiyano waive mune yakanaka.
"Mumwe akanga asina chinangwa. Vamwe vaiva nechinangwa, uye vakarwa navo. Kunyange zvakadaro? Murombo weAlexandre wezvoudyire, varombo vasina simba Ferikisi, varombo vanokara Alphonse, Hippolyte asina kuchena - zvaive zvichiita here kuti mazano ose anokosha, akavanzwa pasi? Kurota kwakashinga kwerusununguko nekuda nyika? Asi kana zvakadaro, kutenda kwakadaro kunokanganiswa sei muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva? Ko munhu angakoshesa mitemo yakanakisisa, asi iye pachake ave asina hanya zvikuru, akadai zvishoma, zvakanyanya? "
La Motte anogumisa kuti "izvi zvinangwa zvakaiswa kubva kunze - kuti zvaive zvekumanikidzwa." Mashoko omumwe murume okufa akanga ari aya: “Ndakaunganidzirwa mukupesana nemafungiro angu. Ikozvino ndahwina Médaille Militaire. Captain wangu akandihwina. Akaita kuti ndishinge. Akanga akabata pfuti muruoko rwake.” La Motte inotaura kuti apo mauto eFrance akatora mabhatiri eGermany, akawana pfuti dzeGermany dzakasungirirwa papfuti dzavo. Mirairo mikuru yaiita seyakashandiswa kubva kunze kudivi rega rega.
Iwo mafungiro, Motte anozopedzisira areva, anogona kunge asiri iwo iwo chaiwo. Kana mwana weBelgian akaunzwa kuchipatara uye achionekwa seasingakoshese kupfuura masoja evakuru, mukoti mumwe anoita kunge asiri mubhodhi nemafungiro iwayo. "Aive netsitsi, uye zera rake diki raimufadza - pfungwa yake yekuenzana uye mwero wehunhu zvese zvaive zvisirizvo."
La Motte anotombobvunza kana vavariro huru dzenyika dziri kushandiswa chaizvoizvo zvachose: “Ihondo yoRudzi, uye varume vose voRudzi, pasinei nezvinzvimbo, vari kushanda. Asi vamwe vanobatira munzvimbo dziri nani pane dzimwe. Migero yacho inonyanya kuchengeterwa varume veboka revashandi, zvinova zvine musoro, sezvo kune akawanda awo.”
La Motte anoziva, pamagumo ebhuku rake, kuti anodanwa mubvunzo kuti hapana mubvunzo kuti inofanira kuva iyo kubwinya uye kukudzwa pane kupi zvako kuwanikwa muhondo. "Vanhu vanowanzoti kwandiri," anotanga nyaya yekugumisa, "iwe unonetseka nezvehondo, pamusoro pezvakaitika muHondo Yenyika. Zvechokwadi, mumwedzi iyo yose yakareba, iwe unofanira kunge wakaona chimwe chinhu chakanga chisina kunaka uye chinotyisa-chimwe chinhu chakanga chakanaka, chinokurudzira, kana chinonakidza, chimwe chinhu chaiva munhu. Zvechokwadi, ndinoti-ndakaita-pane Esmeralda. "Handingakuudziri kuti Esmeralda aiva ani, asi achakuudza kuti, asingatauri kuti, nyaya yacho inoguma kuratidzira zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nehupo kana heroin.
Apo La Motte akakumbira hurumende yeUnited States kuti nei yakarambidza bhuku rake, achitsigira kuti nyaya dzayo dzaiva dzechokwadi, mhinduro yaive iyo "ndiyo chaiyo dambudziko." Chokwadi, Motte akapedzisa, haana nzvimbo munzvimbo yehondo. Pasinei neHondo Yenyika I zvisingabatanidzi zvakafanana nehondo zvemazana zana chete zvisati zvaitika, uye hondo dzemazuva ano dzisingabvumirwi chinhu chakafanana neHondo Yenyika I, chokwadi chinoramba chiripo kuti chokwadi hachina bhizimisi muhondo.
Propaganda yakafambira mberi kusvika apo iyo isiri iyo isingawanzogoni kuwana munhu anenge ari muhondo uyo anonyatsofunga kutengesa. Hondo yave yakarongeka zvakadai, uye vanhu ndeyekusiyana kwakasiyana siyana, kuti hazvisi zvakaoma kuwana mutsva muhondo uyo ane mutsa uye ane hanya kune ani zvake ari kurutivi rwake. Asi avo kune rumwe rutivi iye zvino vava kunyanya varwi. Vakaurayiwa vehondo yanhasi havasi vazhinji vevarwi uye mwana weBelgium akatsauka. Vaya vanouraya hondo dzemazuva ano ndevamwe vakadzi, vana, uye vakura, pamwe chete nemusasa weSUS. Zvipatara zvinogara pakati pehondo dzemazuva ano uye zvinowanzosvibiswa. Tinogona kuverenga mumasikirwo emutauro weUnited States wehuwandu hwevana vekuAmerica vakaurayiwa nepfuti kana vemuUnited States vakaurayiwa nemapurisa nemauto eUnited States muhondo munguva ichangopfuura. Asi, zvisati zvamboitika, chero munhu angada kuona chikonzero chekuitwa nekuenzanisa iyo dzimwe nhamba neongororo dzakawanda dzehuwandu hwevanhu vasiri veUnited States vakaurayiwa muhondo dzeUnited States.
Mukuuraya kwedivi rimwe uku hakuna hushingi hungambove hugamba. Hapana chiito chinogona kupembedzwa. Kuedza kwese ndeye backwash kusvika pasi. Uye isu tichanyura mairi kana tikasakurumidza uye "kushanduka" kune chinotevera chikamu chevanhu mushure meiyo inonzi Hondo.
