Dare rePamutemo renyika dzese reAfrica uye Chiroto cheRuramisiro

NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, April 8, 2020

Iyo firimu "Mutongi, ”Inotaura nyaya yeInternational Criminal Court, yakatarisa muchuchisi wayo wekutanga, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, aine maforamu mazhinji mugore ra2009. Akabata chigaro ichi kubva 2003 kusvika 2012.

Iyi firimu inotanga pamwe neMuchuchisi helikoputa mumusha weAfrica kuzivisa vanhu kuti ICC iri kuunza maitiro ayo eruramisiro kunzvimbo dzese dzepasi rose, kwete mudzi wadzo chete. Asi, hongu, isu tese tinoziva kuti hachisi chokwadi, uye isu tinoziva ikozvino kuti kunyangwe mumakore gumi kubvira pakagadzirwa firimu, ICC haina kupa mhosva chero munhu kubva kuUnited States kana chero nyika yeNATO kana Israel kana Russia kana China kana chero kunze kwe Africa.

Moreno-Ocampo akange abudirira kumhan'arira machinda epamusoro muArgentina kuma1980. Asi paakatanga kuICC chinangwa chaive paAfrica. Izvi zvaive muchikamu nekuti nyika dzemu Africa dzakakumbira mhosva idzi. Uye vamwe vaipokana kusararira ku Africa, vaive vapomeri vetsotsi, avo vavariro yavo yakanga iri kure nokuzvifunga.

ICC pakutanga haina zvakare kukwanisa kushambadza mhosva yehondo, kupesana nedzimwe mhosva dziri mukati mehondo. (Izvo zvino zvine kugona uku asi zvakadaro hazvisati zvashandiswa.) Saka, isu tinoona Moreno-Ocampo nevamwe vake vachipomhodza kushandiswa kwevarwi vevana, sekunge kushandisa vakuru kwave kuita kwakakwana.

Kuwedzeredza pfungwa yehondo dzinogamuchirwa dzehondo dzinotsigira mufirimu, sekusimbisa: "Zvakaitwa nevaNazi raisava zvehondo." Dzaive mhosva. " Uku kudana kune ngozi chaiko kusavimbika. Miedzo yeNuremberg yaive pamusoro peKellogg-Briand Pact iyo yakanga ichangorambidza hondo. Miedzo yakamisa mutemo zvisingaite nefungidziro yekuti yairambidza "kurwa kwehasha," uye ndokuwedzera mutemo zvine chikonzero chekubatanidza zvikamu zvehondo sedzimwe mhosva. Asi dzaingove mhosva nekuti dzaive chikamu chemhosva hombe yehondo, mhosva inotsanangurwa paNuremberg semhosva yepamusoro soro nekuti inosanganisira vamwe vazhinji. Uye Hondo inoramba iri mhosva pasi peKellogg-Briand Pact uye UN Charter.

Iyi firimu inotaura nezve mhosva dzeIsrael neUS kuGaza neAfghanistan zvakateerana, asi hapana munhu anopomerwa, kwete panguva iyoyo uye kwete kubva ipapo. Panzvimbo iyoyo, tinoona kupomedzerwa kwevanhu vemu Africa, kusanganisira kupomedzerwa mutungamiri wenyika yeSudan, nevamwewo vanhu vakasiyana-siyana muCongo neUganda, kunyange zvakadaro kwete Isu tinoona Moreno-Ocampo achienda kuUganda kunonyengetedza Mutungamiri Museveni (iye amene angangopomerwa mhosva dzakawanda) kuti arege kutendera mutungamiri wenyika yeSudan anoshanya asinga sangana nekusungwa. Isu tinoona zvakare, zvakanyanya kuchikwereti cheICC, kumhan'arwa kwe "mhosva dzehondo" pamativi anopesana ehondo imwe chete - chimwe chinhu chandinoona sedanho rinobatsira kune chinangwa Moreno-Ocampo angangodaro asina kugovana Hondo nevose vanoirwisa.

Iyi firimu inotora pane dzinoverengeka dzekushoropodza kweICC. Imwe ndeye nharo yekuti rugare runoda kukanganisika, kuti kutyisidzira kwekuvapomera kunogona kuumba kukurudzira kwekutaurirana rugare. Iyo firimu iri, hongu, firimu, kwete bhuku, saka rinototipa mamwe mafomu kudivi rimwe nerimwe uye anogadzirisa hapana. Ini ndinofungidzira, zvisinei, kuti kunyatsoongorora humboo hwairemera kupokana iyi nharo yekuramba kupara mhosva. Kupfuura zvese, vanhu vari kuita iyi nharo havasi vanozvidzivirira ivo asi vamwe. Uye ivo vanoita kunge vasina chero humbowo hunoratidza kuti hondo dzinogara kwenguva refu kana kupomedzerwa kutyisidzirwa. Zvichakadaro, ICC inonongedzera kuufakazi hwekuti kuunza mhosva dzinogona kuteedzerwa nekufambisirwa runyararo, pamwe nekutyisidzira kwekutyisidzira kwekushandiswa kwevarwi vevana mune imwe nzvimbo yenyika kunogona kutungamira mukudzikisira kwekushandiswa kwavo mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Iyi firimu inobatawo pachirevo chekuti ICC haigone kubudirira isina kutanga yagadzira uto repasirese. Izvi zviri pachena kuti hazvisizvo. ICC inogona kusabudirira pasina rutsigiro rwevagadziri vehondo hombe pasi rose vane masimba ekuvhotera kuUN Security Council, asi nerutsigiro rwavo rungave nemidziyo ine simba yakawanda yekushandisa kuteedzera izvo zvinoratidza - zvematongerwo enyika uye hupfumi nzira dzekumanikidza zvekuwedzeredzwa .

Chii chingaitwe neICC zvakanyanya, chero nguva isiri kunze kwegunwe revagadziri vakuru vehondo? Zvakanaka, ndinofunga vashandi vazvino vanoziva zvakajeka zvingaite, nekuti ivo vanoramba vachitinyengedza nazvo. Kwemakore akawanda, vanga vachiroverera kune zano rekuparadza mhosva dzeUS dzakaitwa muICC-nhengo-yenyika Afghanistan. Moreno-Ocampo anoramba achidzokorora muiyi firimu kuti kuvepa huchokwadi uye kunyangwe kukosheswa kwakakosha kuti dare rirambe richirarama. Ndinobvumirana. Ratidza kana taura zvakanaka husiku. ICC inofanira kupomera vanogadzira Hondo dzeWestern zvehutsinye panguva yekureba mapepa, uye zvakare inofanira kujekesa kune nyika kuti ichatsiva munguva yakafanira avo vane mhosva yekutanga hondo idzva.

Ben Ferencz anoita chokwadi chemufirimu: Kana ICC isina simba, mhinduro ndeyekusimbisa. Chikamu chesimba iro chinofanira kuuya nekumira kuva dare redzungu chete.