NaDavid Swanson, Ngatitangei Democracy, July 17, 2022
Vese vakuru veLockheed Martin vanoenda kupi?
Pane Yekupedzisira Resort!
Joe Biden neIsrael vari kuronga kurwisa Iran seyekupedzisira Resort.
Vatengesi vezvombo hapana chavanoda chiri nani kupfuura nzvimbo dzekupedzisira. Kupinda muUkraine yaive sarudzo yekupedzisira maererano neRussia. Kutumira zvombo zvisingaperi muUkraine inzira yekupedzisira maererano neUS
Kuhwina-kuhwina! Ingorega kuteerera kukuwedzera kusingaregi uye nemaune kwemakumi emakore apfuura. Dzima kuti maBaltic akadzinga sei maSoviet makore makumi matatu kuenda. Shamwari, vari kupa zvinwiwa zvemahara uye zvigaro zvemahombekombe paLast Resort!
Vatsigiri vehondo vakati US inoda kurwisa Iran muna 2007. Yakanga iri nzira yekupedzisira. US haina kurwisa. Zvaaitaura zvakazova manyepo. Kunyangwe National Intelligence Estimate muna 2007 yakasundidzirwa kumashure ndokubvuma kuti Iran yakanga isina chirongwa chezvombo zvenyukireya. Hapana chakaipa chakakonzerwa nekusashandisa Yekupedzisira Resort. Zvakare muna 2015, yekupedzisira sarudzo yaive kurwisa Iran. IUS haina kurwisa Iran. Hapana chakaipa chakaitika.
Ungafunga kuti nhema dzisingaperi dze "zvekupedzisira sarudzo" dzine basa. Iwe unogona kutofunga kuti iyo isingaperi mikana iyo chero munhu anogona kufunga nezve kuyedza panzvimbo yehondo yaizopa iyo iyo pfungwa yekurongeka kwekuuraya vanhu vakawanda kuve iyo yekupedzisira sarudzo isingaite. Zvisinei, polling shows kuti chero bedzi iwe usingashambadzire pachena hondo seKUSATI kuve sarudzo yekupedzisira, munhu wese anongofunga kuti hondo yega yega ichave yekutanga kutendeseka-ku-kunaka hondo yeLast Resort.
Pakave, kwemakumi emakore, kwave nenyaya yakasimba yekuti hapana chikonzero chekurwisa Iran, senge yekutanga yekutandarira, yekupedzisira sarudzo, kana kuderedzwa kwezororo dema saiti yejeri musasa.
Kuva nepurogiramu yezvombo zvenyukireya hakusi kururamisirwa kwehondo, pamutemo, mumitemo, kana kuita. IUnited States ine zvombo zvenyukireya uye hapana munhu angave akakodzera kurwisa United States.
Bhuku raDick naLiz Cheney, siyana nezvimwe, tiudze kuti tinofanira kuona "mutsauko wetsika pakati pechombo chenyukireya cheIran neAmerican." Tinofanira, chaizvoizvo? Chero njodzi dzinowedzera kuwedzera, kushandiswa netsaona, kushandiswa nemutungamiri anopenga, kufa kwevanhu vakawanda uye kuparadza, njodzi yezvakatipoteredza, kutsiva kukwira, uye apocalypse. Imwe yenyika mbiri idzi ine zvombo zvenyukireya, yakashandisa zvombo zvenyukireya, yakapa imwe hurongwa hwezvombo zvenyukireya, ine mutemo wekutanga kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya, ine hutungamiriri hunotemesa kuva nenyukliya, kuchengetedza zvombo zvenyukireya muzvikamu zvitanhatu. dzimwe nyika nemakungwa nematenga ePasi, uye agara achityisidzira kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya. Handifunge kuti chokwadi ichocho chingaite kuti chombo chenyukireya chiri mumaoko eimwe nyika chive nehunhu hushoma, asi kwete hunzenza. Ngatitarisei pakuona an empirical musiyano pakati pezvombo zvenyukireya zveIrish uye imwe yeAmerica. Mumwe uripo. Mumwe wacho haaiti.
Kana uri kushamisika, vatungamiri vemuU.S. vakagadzira pachena hurumende kana chekuvhundusa zvigetsi zvenyu kune dzimwe nyika, zvatinoziva, sezvakanyorwa muna Daniel Ellsberg's The Doomsday Machine, vakasanganisira Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, George HW Bush, Bill Clinton, naDonald Trump, asi vamwe, kusanganisira Barack Obama, vakagara vachitaura zvinhu zvakadai se "Zvose zvingasarudzwa zviri patafura" maererano neIran kana imwe nyika.
Muna 2015, sezvakataurwa, vatsigiri vehondo vakati US inoda kurwisa Iran nekukurumidza. Hazvina kurwisa. Zvaaitaura zvakazova manyepo. Kunyangwe zvaitaurwa nevatsigiri vechibvumirano chenyukireya zvakasimbisa manyepo ekuti Iran yaive nechirongwa chezvombo zvenyukireya inoda midziyo. Iko hakuna humbowo hwekuti Iran yakambove nechirongwa chezvombo zvenyukireya.
Nhoroondo yakareba yeUnited States inotaura nezvezvombo zvenyukireya zveIrish yakanyorwa nebhuku raGareth Porter Crisis yakagadzirwa.
Vatsigiri vehondo kana nhanho dzekuenda kuhondo (zvirango yaive nhanho yekuenda kuhondo kuIraq) vangati isu tinoda hondo nekukurumidza, asi havazove nenharo yekukurumidzira, uye zvavanotaura ndezvekunyepa kuri pachena.
Kana Iran iine mhosva yekupara mhosva, uye paine humbowo hunotsigira chirevo ichocho, United States nepasirese dzinofanirwa kutsvaga mhosva. Pane kudaro, United States iri kuzviparadzanisa pachayo nekuputsa mutemo wemutemo. Icho chiri kuparadza kuvimbika kwayo nekubvarura zvibvumirano uye kutyisidzira kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira. Mukuvhota kweGallup muna 2013 uye vhoti yePew muna 2017 ruzhinji rwenyika dzakabvunzurudzwa dzakaita kuti United States iwane mavhoti akawanda sekutyisidzira kukuru kurunyararo pasi pano. Muongororo yeGallup, vanhu vemuUS vakasarudza Iran seyakanyanya kutyisidzira runyararo pasi pano - Iran yakanga isati yarwisa imwe nyika mumazana emakore uye yakashandisa isingasviki 1% yezvakashandiswa neUS kuita zvechiuto. Maonero aya anonyatso kushanda kwezvinoudzwa vanhu kuburikidza nenhau.
Nhoroondo yehukama hweUnited States / Iranian pano. IU.S. yakaparadza hurumende yeIraa muZ1953 uye yakagadza munhu ane utsinye / mutongi mutengesi.
IUnited States yakapa Iran teknolojia yemaoko enyukwi muZ1970s.
Muna 2000, iyo CIA yakapa Iran zvirongwa zvebhomba renyukireya mukuyedza kuigadzira. Izvi zvakataurwa naJames Risen, naJeffrey Sterling vakaenda kujeri vachinzi vaibva kwaRisen.
Kusundidzira kurwisa Iran kwave kwenguva yakareba zvekuti mapoka ese emakakatanwa ayo (sekuti maIran arikuchidzira kuramba kweIraqi) akauya akaenda.
Kunyange zvazvo Iran isina kurwisa chero imwe nyika mumazana emakore, United States haina kuita zvakanaka neIran.
IUnited States yakatsigira Iraq muZ1980s mukurwisa Iran, ichipa Irak nezvimwe zvezvombo (kusanganisira zvombo zvemakemikari) zvakashandiswa kuIranani uye izvo zvingashandiswa mu 2002-2003 (pavasati vasipo) sechikonzero chokurwisa Iraki.
Kwemakore mazhinji, United States yakanyora Iran iri nyika yakaipa, yakarwiswa uye akaparadza iyo imwe nyika isiri nyukliya rudzi rwuri runyorwa rwemarudzi akaipa, rakasarudzwa chikamu cheIrgy's military a sangano regandanga, vanopomera zvenhema Iran nezvemhosva dzinosanganisira iyo kurwisa kwe9-11, akaurawa Iranian masayendisiti, yakabhadharwa mari kushorwa mapoka muIran (kusanganisira mamwe eUnited States anotaurawo segandanga), inoyerera drones pamusoro peIran, pachena uye zvisiri pamutemo kunzarwo kurwisa Iran, uye kuvaka mauto ehondo kumativi ose Muganhu weIrish, paanenge achida kuita utsinye sanctions panyika.
Midzi yeHashington inomanikidza hondo itsva kuIran inogona kuwanikwa mu1992 Zvokuronga Zvokuronga, pepanhau re1996 rainzi Kupera Kwakachena: Nzira Itsva Yokuchengetedza Nyika, The 2000 Kudzokorora Kuzvidzivirira kweAmerica, uye mune imwe 2001 Pentagon memo inotsanangurwa Wesley Clark sokurondedzera idzi marudzi kurwisana: Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Lebanon, Siria, uye Iran.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Bush Jr. akakunda Iraq, neBabyria Libya, asi vamwe vakaramba vachiita mabasa ari mberi.
Muna 2010, Tony Blair zvaisanganisira Irani pane imwe nyika yakafanana iyo yaakati Dick Cheney akanga aine chinangwa chokuderedza. Mutsetse pakati pevane simba muWashington mu2003 waiva kuti Iraq yaizova cakewalk asi iyo varume chaivo vanoenda kuTehran. Nhaurirano mumashoko aya akareruka memusoro yakanga isiri izvo vanoiti vehondo vanoudza vanhu vose, asi zvakawanda zvakanyanya kune zvavanotaurirana. Zvinotinetsa pano ndezviya zvekutonga nzvimbo dzakapfuma mune zvidzidzo, zvinotyisa vamwe, nekugadzirisa zvigaro zvekuchengetedza kudzora hurumende dzechiputi.
Zvechokwadi chikonzero nei "varume chaivo vanoenda kuTehran" ndechokuti Iran haisi nyika isina urombo yakasunungurwa iyo inogona kuwanikwa mukati, ichiti, Afghanistan kana Iraq, kana kunyange rudzi rusingabatsiri rwakatorwa muLibya mu2011. Iran yakawanda zvikuru uye ine nani yakashongedzwa. Pasinei nokuti United States inotanga kurwisa kukuru kuIraa kana Israeri, Iran achadzorera kurwisa mauto eUnited States uye zvichida Israeri uye zvichida United States pachayo naizvo. Uye United States ichaita pasina kana doube kutsiva zvakare pane izvozvo. Iran haigone kusaziva kuti kumanikidza kwehurumende yeUS kuhurumende yeIsrael kuti isarwise Iran kunosanganisira anosimbisa maIsrael kuti United States icharwisa pazvinenge zvichidiwa, uye haisanganisi kunyange kutyisidzira kumisa mari yemauto eIsrael kana kumisa nhanho dzekuzvidavirira kwemhosva dzeIsrael kuUnited Nations.
Mune mamwe mazwi, chero sangano reUnited States rekuda zvakanyanya kuda kudzivisa kuitika kweIsrael harisi kwechokwadi. Zvechokwadi, vazhinji vari muhurumende yeUnited States uye varwi vanopikisa kurwisa Iran, kunyange zvazvo nhamba dzinokosha seAdmiral William Fallon dzakasunungurwa kubva munzira. Zvakawanda zvehondo yeIsrael ndeye zvinopesana uyewo, kusataura nezvevanhu veIsrael neUnited States. Asi hondo haisi yakachena kana yakajeka. Kana vanhu vatinobvumira kuti tishandise marudzi edu kurwisa mumwe, isu tose tinoiswa pangozi.
Vakawanda vari pangozi, hongu, ndivo vanhu veIran, vanhu vane rugare sevamwe, kana zvimwe zvakanyanya kudaro. Sezvo mune imwe nyika, pasinei nehurumende yaro, vanhu veIrani vanove vakanaka kwazvo, vakanaka, vane rugare, vakarurama, uye zvakanyatsofanana nemwi neni. Ndasangana nevanhu kubva kuIran. Iwe unogona kunge wakasangana nevanhu vanobva kuIran. Zvinotarisa ichi. Havasi ivo vakasiyana-siyana. Havasi vakaipa. A "chirongwa chokuvhiya" chinopesana ne "nzvimbo" munyika yavo yaizokonzera vazhinji vavo vazhinji vanofa kufa nekurwadza kunotyisa. Kunyange kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti Iran haingadzoreki nekuda kwekurwisana kwakadaro, izvi ndizvo izvo kurwiswa kwaizoita mavari: kuuraya kwevakawanda.
Uye izvozvo zvaizoitei? Iyo yaizobatanidza vanhu veIranisi uye yakawanda yenyika inopesana neUnited States. Zvingave zvakakosha mumaziso enyika akawanda pasi penyika Iranian purogiramu yekukudziridza zvombo zvenyukireya, chirongwa chingangodaro hachipo panguva ino, kunze kwekuti iyo mitemo yemagetsi yenyukireya inotungamirira nyika iri pedo nekusimudzira zvombo. Kuparara kwezvakatipoteredza kwaizova kwakakura, iyo yakatangwa yakanyanya kuipa, iyo yose inotaura nezvekuchera mari yehurumende yeUnited States yaizovigwa muhondo yehondo yehondo, rusununguko rwehurumende uye hurumende inomiririra yaizoputika pasi pePomacac, nhangemutange yezvombo zvenyukireya yaizopararira kune dzimwe nyika, uye chero ipi zvayo yenguva pfupi inoshushikana inogona kuenzaniswa nokufambisa imba inotangira, kukwira chikwereti chevadzidzi, uye kuunganidza zvikamu zvekushaya tsika.
Zvisimboti, zvepamutemo, uye zvetsika zvombo zvisizvo hazvikonzero zvehondo, uyewo hazvisi zvekushandisa zvombo. Uye zvakare, ini ndingangowedzera, neIraq mupfungwa, inoretically inokwanisika kutsvaga zvombo zvisina kumboitwa. Israeri ane zvombo zvenyukireya. United States ine zvombo zvenyukireya kupfuura dzimwe nyika. Ikoko hakukwanisi kururamiswa kwekurwisa United States, Israel, kana imwe nyika. Kunyengera kwekuti Iran ane kana kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera zvombo zvenyukireya, mune chero zvipi zvayo, kungozvinyengedza, imwe yakadzorerwa, debunked, uye akadzoka zvakare se zombie kwemakore nemakore. Asi iyo haisi iyo inenge isinganzwisisiki yechitaura ichi chenhema chechimwe chinhu chisingabvumirwi nehondo chero ipi zvayo. Chikamu chaicho chisina kufanira ndechekuti yaiva United States mu1976 iyo yakasundira nyukireya simba kuIran. Mu 2000 the CIA yakapa hurumende ye Iranian (zvishoma zvisiri izvo) zvirongwa zvokuvaka bhomba renyukireya. Mune 2003, Iran yakarongedza kukurukurirana neUnited States nezvose zviri patafura, kusanganisira teknolojia yenyukireya, uye United States yakaramba. Nenguva pfupi pashure pacho, United States yakatanga kusungira hondo. Parizvino, akatungamirirwa neU.S. zvisungo zvinotadzisa Irani kubva kumhepo ine simba iripo, asi hama dzaKoch dzinobvumirwa kuenda commerce neIran pasina chirango.
Imwe nzvimbo yekuenderera mberi lie debunking, iyo iyo inenge yakafanana chaizvo neyakakonzerwa nekurwisa kwe2003 kuIraq, ndiyo inoreva nhema dzisingatauri, kusanganisira vakatsvaga mu2012 kuMutungamiriri weUnited States, kuti Iran haina kubvumira vaparidzi munyika yavo kana kuti yakavapa kuwanikwa kune nzvimbo dzayo. Iran yakanga iine, chokwadi, isati yasvika nokuzvidira akabvuma zvinyanyisa zvakakwana kudarika IAEA inoda. Uye zvechokwadi chikamu chakasiyana chemashoko anoparadzira, kunyange zvazvo chiri kupesana, chinotaura kuti IAEA yakawana hurongwa hwezvombo zvenyukireya muIran. Pasi penyika yenyukireya isingaiti kupararira (NPT), Iran yaiva kwete kuzivisa zvose zvayo, uye kutanga kwegumi yemakore yakasarudza kusaita, sezvo United States yakaputsa chibvumirano ichocho nekudzivisa Germany, China, nevamwewo kubva pakupa zvombo zvenyukireya kuIrish. Kunyange zvazvo Iran inoramba ichienderana neNPT, India nePakistan neIsrael haina kuisayina uye North Korea yakabva pairi, asi United States nemamwe magetsi enyukireya vanoramba vachiiputsa kuburikidza nekukundikana kuderedza zvombo, nokupa zvombo kune dzimwe nyika seIndia, uye nokuvandudza zvombo zvenyukireya zvitsva.
Izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa neumambo hweSouth yezvigadzirisheni zvemauto zvakafanana neIran. Edza ku fungidzira dai iwe waigara imomo, zvaunofunga nezveizvi. Ndiani ari kutyisidzira ani? Ndiani dambudziko guru kune avo? Pfungwa yacho haisi iyo yokuti Iran inofanira kuva yakasununguka kurwisana neUnited States kana ani zvake nekuti iyo mauto ayo maduku. Pfungwa ndeyokuti kuita kudaro kungave kuzviuraya munyika yose. Izvo zvaizovawo chimwe chinhu cheIrish chakasaita kwemazana emakore. Asi zvaizove chimiro chemuitiro weUnited States.
Wakagadzirira here kunyanya kusinganzwisisiki? Izvi zvakafanana nemaonero aBush pamusoro pekusafunga zvakanyanya kuna Osama bin Laden. Wagadzirira Here? Vatsigiri vekurwisa Iran ivo vanobvuma kuti kana Iran iine nukes yaisazoishandisa. Izvi zvinobva kuAmerican Enterprise Institute:
"Dambudziko guru reUnited States harisi Iran kuwana zvombo zvenyukireya uye kuidziidza iyo, Iran iri kuwana zvombo zvenyukireya uye kwete kushandisa. Nemhaka yokuti yechipiri iyo vane imwe uye ivo havaiti chero chakaipa, vose vese vanozoenda vachadzoka vobva vati, 'Onai, takakuudza iwe Irani isimba rine simba. Takakuudza iwe Iran yakanga isisiri kuwana zvombo zvenyukireya kuitira kuti iwe uishandise pakarepo. ' ... Uye ivo vachazofananidza Iran ne zvombo zvenyukireya kwete sechinetso. "
Ndizvo zvakajeka here? Iran iri kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya ingave yakaipa: kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza, kurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu, kurwadziwa kunotyisa uye kutambura, yada, yada, yada. Asi chii chingava chakaipa chaizvo chaizova Iran kuwana zvombo zvenyukireya uye kuita izvo zvisikwa zvese zvinazvo zvakaitwa navo kubvira Nagasaki: hapana. Izvozvo zvingava zvakaipa chaizvo nokuti zvinogona kukanganisa kukakavadzana kwehondo uye kuita kuti hondo ive yakaoma, nokudaro achibvumira Iran kuti irambe nyika yayo seyo, panzvimbo yeUnited States, inoona yakakodzera. Ichokwadi kuti inogona kuitisa zvakanyanya (kunyange tisingatori mufananidzo wepasi pose pano), asi inogona kuifamba kunze kwekubvumirwa kweU.S., uye izvozvo zvingave zvakanyanya kukunda kuparadzwa kwenyika yenyu.
Kuongorora kwakabvumidzwa muIraq uye vakashanda. Havana kuwana zvombo uye kwakanga kusina zvombo. Kuongororwa kuri kubvumirwa muIran uye vari kushanda. Zvisinei, IAEA yakauya pasi payo kuodza simba wehurumende yeUnited States. Uye zvakadaro, kuburitsa kubva kuvatsigiri vehondo pamusoro peIAEA inodarika makore aya kwete kutsigirwa nemhando ipi zvayo inobva kuIAEA. Uye chii icho chiduku chakaitwa neIAEA nokuda kwechikonzero chehondo zvanga zva akawandisa rakarambwa panguva isingave akaseka.
Rimwe gore, imwe nhema. Hatisisiri kunzwa kuti North Korea iri kubatsira Iran kuvaka nukes. Nhema pamusoro Kubatsirana kweIranian of Iraq resisters zvakapera. (Hondo yeUnited States haina kudzokera kuFrance kurwisana nemaGermany pane imwe nguva here?) Ikozvino inonzi concoction ndiyo "Iran yakaita 911" inoreva. Kutsiva, kufanana nedzimwe dzose dzezvikonzero zvekuedza zvehondo, hachisi chokwadi chepamutemo kana chetsika chekururamisa kwehondo. Asi ino ichangobva kuitika fikisi yakave yakagadzirirwa kuzorora neicho chinokosha Gareth Porter, pakati pevamwe. Munguva iyi, Saudi Arabia, iyo yakaita basa mu911 pamwe nekushora kweIraqi, iri kutengeswa rekodha yakawanda yeiyo yakanaka yekutungamira kunze kwekuAmerica iyo isu tose tinozvikudza: zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru.
O, ini ndoda kukanganwa dzimwe nhema dzisina kunyatsopera. Iran haana edza ku Furidza a Saudi ambassador muWashington, DC, chiito icho Mutungamiri Obama angadai aifunga zvakakwana kurumbidzwa kana mabasa ainge adzorerwa, asi nhema dzokuti kunyange Fox News yakanga nguva yakaoma kugomera. Uye iri kutaura chimwe chinhu.
Uyezve pane izvo zvakasara zvakare: Ahmadinejad akati "Israeri inofanira kucheneswa pamapu." Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingaiti, zvichida, zvichikwira kusvika kumazinga aJohn McCain kuimba pamusoro pekuputika kweIrish kana Bush uye Obama achipika kuti zvese zvinosanganisira kusanganisira nyukliya kurwisa iyo tafura, inonzwika ichivhiringidza zvikuru: "kupukuta pamba"! Zvisinei, shanduro yacho yakaipa. Kushandurwa kwakarurama kwakange kuri "hurumende iri kutora Jerusarema inofanira kuparara kubva peji yezvenguva." Hurumende yeIsrael, kwete rudzi rwaIsraeri. Kwete kunyange hurumende yeIsrael, asi hurumende yemazuva ano. Gehena, veAmerica vanoti izvi pamusoro pehurumende dzavo nguva dzose, kushandura makore ose mana kusvika kumasere zvichienderana nesangano rezvematongerwo enyika (vamwe vedu tinotozvitaura nguva dzose, tisingazvidziviriri kune rimwe bato). Iran yakaratidza pachena kuti ichabvumirana nehurumende yehurumende mbiri kana vePalestine vabvumirwa nayo. Kana US inotanga missile inorwisa nguva dzose apo mumwe munhu akati chimwe chinhu chisina maturo, kunyange kana chakashandurwa zvakarurama, zvingave zvakachengeteka sei kurarama pedyo neNewt Gingrich's kana Joe Biden mumba?
Iyo ingozi chaiyo inogona kunge isingambove nhema. Nhoroondo yeIraq yakagadzirisa zvakanyanya kunyanya kwepfungwa kune aya marudzi enhema munzvimbo zhinji dzeUnited States. Iko ngozi chaiyo ingangodaro kutanga kwehondo kunowedzera simba pachayo pasina chiziviso chairo chekutanga kwayo. Israeri neUnited States havasi kungotaura vachitambudzika kana kupenga. Ivo vave kuuraya va Irani. Uye vanoita sevasina nyadzi pamusoro pazvo. Zuva rakatevera reRepublican presidential nharo huru apo vateereri vakazivisa chido chavo chekuuraya ma Irani, CIA yakaratidza iyo nhau yakanga iri pachena kuti yakanga iripo kare kuuraya va Irani, kwete kutaura kuputira zvivako. Vamwe vangati uye vakataura kuti hondo yatotanga. Vaya vasingagoni kuona izvi nokuti havadi kuzviona vachanakidzwawo nekunyomba kunouraya muUnited States vachikumbira Iran kudzoka iyo drone yakashinga.
Zvichida izvo zvinodiwa kuti zvibatsire vatsigiri vehondo kunze kwekunyengedza kwacho chinhu chiduku chebraspstick. Edza izvi pamusoro pehukuru. Kubva Seymour Hersh kutsanangura musangano wakaitwa muhofisi yemutungamiri weCheney Cheney:
"Paiva nemashoko gumi nemaviri akafanirwa pamusoro pekugadzira hondo. Uyo anondifarira ini ndeyekuti sei isu tisingazvivakiri - isu muchikepe chedu - kuvaka zvikepe zvina kana zvishanu zvinotaridzika seItanian PT boats. Isa Navy zvisimbiso pavari nehondo yakawanda. Uye nguva inotevera imwe yezvikepe zvedu inosvika ku Straits of Hormuz, tanga kuputika. Zvinogona kutengesa hupenyu humwe. Uye yakarambwa nokuti haugoni kuva neAmerica kuuraya vaAmerica. Ndiyo mhando-iyo ndiyo nhamba yezvinhu zvatinotaura. Kushushikana. Asi izvozvo zvakarambwa. "
Iye zvino, Dick Cheney haasi iwe unofanana neAmerica. Hapana humwe hurumende yeUnited States ndiyo yako inofanana neAmerica. Iwe unofanirwa neAmerica uri kutambura, usingabvumirwi nehurumende yeUnited States, anoda kuti mabhiriyoni ehurumende akwanise kubhadharwa, anofarira simba rekudzivirira uye dzidzo uye mabasa pamusoro pezvigaro zvehondo, anofungidzira zvikwata zvinofanira kudziviswa kutenga chisarudzo, uye hazvizodi kuregerera kukumbira ruregerero mukati neVachigaro Vachigaro. Kudzoka mu1930s, iLudlow Amendment yakaita kuti iite mutemo weMitemo yekuti vhoti yevanhu muhurukuro pamberi peUnited States dzingaenda kuhondo. Mutungamiri Franklin Roosevelt akavhara chirevo ichocho. Asi Gwaro reMitemo rakatodiwa uye rinoda kuti Congress ipe hondo hondo hondo isati yatorwa. Izvo hazvina kuitika mumakore anopfuura 70, apo hondo dzave dzichirwisana zvisingagumi. Mumakore gumi akapfuura uye zvakapfuura kuburikidza neMutungamiri weB Obama kuisa mutemo weNational Defense Authorization Act inopesana neNew Years Eve 2011-2012, simba rekuita hondo rakapiwa kuvatungamiri. Heino chimwe chikonzero chekupikisa hondo yehutungamiri kuIrish: kana iwe ukabvumira vatungamiri kuti vaite hondo, hamuzombomisi. Chimwe chikonzero, kusvika kure apo chero munhu upi zvake anoramba achipa musikana, iyo hondo ndeyemhosva. Iran neUnited States mapato kune Kellogg-Briand Pact, iyo inorambidza hondo. Rimwe remarudzi maviri aya harisi kuteerera.
Asi isu hatingave nereferendum. Imba yeUnited States yevasingaradzi haisi kuzopindira. Nekuda kwekupararira kwepasimani yevanhu uye kusagadzikana kwechiito tichapindira mune dambudziko iri rekufamba-famba. Kakato ari nyika dzakabatana uye United Kingdom vari kugadzirira hondo neIran. Iyi hondo, kana ikaitika, icharwirwa nenheyo inonzi United States Department of Defence, asi ichaisa pangozi pane kutidzivirira. Sezvo hondo ichifambira mberi, tichaudzwa kuti vanhu veIranian vanoda kuputirwa nekunaka kwavo, nokuda kwekusununguka, nokuda kwehurumende. Asi hapana munhu anoda kubhombwa nokuda kweizvozvo. Iran haina kuda US-style democracy. Kunyange United States haina kuda US-style democracy. Tichaudzwa kuti izvo zvinangwa zvakanaka zviri kutungamirira zviito zvevarwi vedu vane ushingi uye drones edu akashinga muhondo. Asi hakuzovi nehondo. Pachave pasina mitsara yapamberi. Pachave pasina mitsara. Ikoko pachava nemaguta nemataundi maigara vanhu, uye apo vanhu vanofa. Pachava pasina kukunda. Hapana huchafambira mberi kubudirira kuburikidza ne "kukurumidza." Musi waJanuary 5, 2012, munyori weNyaya ye "Kudzivirira" Leon Panetta akakumbirwa pamusangano wehurukuro pamusoro pekukundikana muIraq neAngland, uye akavapindura chete kuti izvo zvakanga zviri kubudirira. Icho ndicho rudzi rwekubudirira kunogona kutarisirwa muIran yeIrish inoshayiwa uye yakasununguka nyika.
Iye zvino tinotanga kunzwisisa kukosha kwekutapudza kwemashoko, kusviba, uye nhema pamusoro pekukanganisa kwakaitwa kuIraq neAngland. Iye zvino tinonzwisisa chikonzero nei Obama nePanetta vakagamuchira nhema dzakaunza Hondo muIraq. Nhema idzodzo dzinofanira kunge dzakamutswa zvakare, sehondo imwe neimwe yakamborwiwa, yehondo kune Iran. Heanoi a Video kutsanangura kuti izvi zvichashanda sei, kunyange nezvimwe zvitsva twists uye mijenya of kusiyana. Mishumo yeUnited States ndeye chikamu chehondo.
Kuronga hondo uye kubhadhara hondo inosika its own tichimhanya. Zvisarudzo zvikaitika, sezvakaita neIraq, ibwe rinopfuurira kuhondo. Kucheka diplomacy asiya mashomanana mikana kuvhura. Electoral pissing mitezo titore isu tose uko vazhinji vedu tisina kuda kuva.
Izvi ndizvo mabhomba kunyanya kutanga chinyorwa ichi chakaipa uye chingave chisingagumi chenhoroondo yevanhu. Ichi kuchangamuka inoratidza zvakajeka zvavaizoita. Nokuda kwehurukuro yakanakisisa, mapiyona aya nezwi iri remunhu asina kutaurwa achiedza kutadza kunyengetedza George Galloway kuti tinofanira kurwisa Iran.
Musi waJanuary 2, 2012, New York Times Zvinonzi kushungurudzika kunopera kuhurumende yehurumende yeUnited States yakakonzera kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekuti United States "ingagadzirira kugadzira, hondo yakareba yepasi muAsia." Pagungano rePentagon rekunyora musi waJanuary 5, 2012, sachigaro we Joint Chiefs of Staff akavimbisa chitunha chemufambiro (sic) kuti hondo huru dzepanyika dzaive sarudzo dzakawanda uye kuti hondo dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzaive zvechokwadi. Mutauriri weMutungamiri Obama wezvematongerwe enyika akabudiswa pamusangano uyu wepasitori akanyora mahofisi emauto eUnited States. Chokutanga chakanga chiri kurwisana nehugandanga, chinotevera chichimanikidzira "utsinye," uye "simba rekugadzira pasinei nekunopesana nekuwana / nzvimbo yekuramba zvinetso," ipapo dzakanaka zvekare zveWMDs, zvadaro kukunda nzvimbo uye cyberpace, zvekare zvombo zvenyukireya, uye pakupedzisira- kutaura nezvekudzivirira Homeland Yaimbozivikanwa seUnited States.
Mhosva dzeIraq neIran hazvifananidzi mune zvose zvese, hongu. Asi muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri isu tiri kutarisana neanoedza kuita kuti tive muhondo, hondo dzinobva, sezvo hondo dzose dziripo, pane nhema. Isu tinogona kuda kudzokazve ichi chikumbiro kuUnited States nemauto eIsrael!
Zvimwe zvikonzero kwete kuIraa Iran zvinosanganisira zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekusachengetedza chikwata chehondo zvachose, sezvakanyorwa WorldBeyondWar.org.
Nebhuku Hondo Haisati Yakwana inosanganisira zvishoma nezve "nzvimbo dzekupedzisira" dzandinoisa pano:
Icho chiri chechokwadi nhanho munzira kwayo kana tsika ichibva pachishuwo chakavhurika chaTheodore Roosevelt chehondo nyowani nekuda kwehondo, kune fungidziro yepasirese yekuti hondo yega yega uye inofanirwa kuve yekupedzisira nzira. Uku kunyepedzera kwese kwese ikozvino, zvekuti veruzhinji veUS vanongozvitora vasina kana kuudzwa. Chidzidzo chehunyanzvi munguva pfupi yadarika chakawana kuti veruzhinji veUS vanotenda kuti chero hurumende yeUS painofunga nezvehondo, inenge yatopedza zvimwe zvese mukana. Kana boka rekuenzanisira rikabvunzwa kana vaitsigira imwe hondo, uye boka rechipiri rakabvunzwa kana vaitsigira hondo iyoyo mushure mekuudzwa kuti dzimwe nzira dzese hadzina kunaka, uye rechitatu rakabvunzwa kana vaitsigira hondo iyoyo kunyangwe paivepo dzimwe nzira dzakanaka, mapoka maviri ekutanga akanyoresa chiyero chakafanana chekutsigira, nepo rutsigiro rwehondo rwakadonha zvakanyanya muboka rechitatu. Izvi zvakaita kuti vaongorori vafunge kuti kana dzimwe nzira dzikasataurwa, vanhu havafungi kuti zviriko - asi, vanhu vanofunga kuti vakatoyedzwa.[I]
Iko kwave nemakore kuve nekuedza kukuru muWashington, DC, kutanga hondo kuIran. Kumwe kwekumanikidza kukuru kwauya muna 2007 na2015. Dai iyo hondo yakatangwa chero nguva, hapana mubvunzo kuti ingadai yakatsanangurwa senzira yekupedzisira, kunyangwe sarudzo yekusangotanga kuti hondo yakasarudzwa pazviitiko zvakawanda. . Mu2013, Mutungamiriri weUS akatiudza nezve "yekupedzisira" nzira yekudaidzira chirongwa chikuru chebhomba kuSyria. Ipapo akadzorera danho rake, kunyanya nekuda kwekushora kweruzhinji. Zvakaratidza sarudzo ye kwete kuputika kweSiriya kwaive kuwanikwawo.
Fungidzira chidhakwa chaikwanisa husiku hwoga hwoga kudya huwandu hwakakura hwehishu uye uyo mangwanani ega ega aipika kuti kunwa whiskey ndiyo yaive nzira yake yekupedzisira, angadai asina sarudzo zvachose. Zviri nyore kufungidzira, pasina mubvunzo. Anopindwa muropa anogara achizvipembedza, zvisinei zvisingaite izvo zvinofanirwa kuitwa. Asi chimbofungidzira nyika umo munhu wese akamutenda uye nekuremekedza vakati kune mumwe nemumwe "Akanga asina imwe sarudzo. Akanga aedza zvimwe zvese. ” Hazvina kunyatsojeka, ndizvo here? Zvinenge zvisingafungidzike, muchokwadi. Uye zvakadaro:
Inonyanya kutenda kuti United States iri muhondo muSiria sechisarudzo chekupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo:
- IUnited States yakapedza makore akawanda isingaiti UN ichiedza kuita rugare muSiria.[Ii]
- IUnited States yakabudisa sangano reRussia runyararo rweSiriya mu2012.[Iii]
- Uye apo United States ichiti mhirizhonga yebhomba yaidiwa pakarepo se "sarudzo yekupedzisira" mu2013 asi vanhu vemuUnited States vaipikisa zvakashata, mamwe maitiro akashandiswa.
Muna 2015, nhengo zhinji dzeUS Congress dzakataura kuti chibvumirano chenyukireya neIran chaifanira kurambwa uye Iran yakarwiswa senzira yekupedzisira. Hapana kutaurwa kwakaitwa nezve Iran ye2003 yekupa kutaurirana chirongwa chayo chenyukireya, kupihwa kwakange kwakurumidza kusekwa neUnited States.
Inonyanya kutenda kuti United States iri kuuraya vanhu vane drones senzira yekupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo mune zvishoma zvedambudziko umo United States inoziva mazita evanhu inenge ichida, vazhinji (uye chaizvoizvo vose) ingadai yakange iri zviri nyore kusungwa.[Iv]
Zvaitendwa zvakawandisa kuti United States yakauraya Osama bin Laden senzira yekupedzisira, kudzamara avo vaibatanidzwa vakabvuma kuti mutemo we "kuuraya kana kubata" hauna kunyatso sanganisira chero kubatwa (kusunga) uye kuti bin Laden anga asina zvombo paakange ari akaurayiwa.[V]
Zvaitendwa nevazhinji kuti United States yakarova Libya mu2011, yakapidigura hurumende yayo, uye yakakonzera mhirizhonga yedunhu senzira yekupedzisira, kunyangwe munaKurume 2011 African Union yaive nehurongwa hwerunyararo muLibya asi yakadzivirirwa neNATO, kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwe "isina nhunzi nzvimbo" uye kutanga kwemabhomba, kuenda kuLibya kunozvikurukura. Muna Kubvumbi, African Union yakakwanisa kukurukura nezvehurongwa hwayo nemutungamiri weLibya, Muammar Gaddafi, uye akataura chibvumirano chake.[vi] NATO yakanga yawana kodzero yeUnited States yekudzivirira vaRibhia vaiti vari pangozi, asi yakanga isina mvumo yekuenderera mberi nechisimba munyika kana kuparadza hurumende.
Chero ani zvake anoshanda, uye anoda kuenderera mberi achishanda, guru re media reUnited States rinotaura kuti United States yakarwisa Iraq mu2003 sechisarudzo chekupedzisira kana rudzi rwezvairehwa, kana chimwe chinhu, kunyange zvazvo:
- Mutungamiri weUnited States akanga atora zvirongwa zvejambamera kuti hondo itange.[vii]
- Hurumende yeIraq yakanga yaenda kuCIA Vincent Cannistraro nechikumbiro chekuti mauto eU.S. atsvage nyika yese.[viii]
- Hurumende yeIraqi yakazvipira kugadzirisa kusarudzwa kwenyika munyika mukati memakore maviri.[ix]
- Hurumende yeIraqi yakapa chibhadharo kumushandi weBush Richard Perle kuti azarurire nyika yose kuti aongorore, kuti ape mumiririri muZimbabwe bhomba reHorld Trade Centre, kuti abatsire kurwisana nehugandanga, uye kufarira makambani eUnited States.[x]
- Mutungamiri weIraq akapa, munhoroondo iyo mutungamiri weSpain aipiwa nemutungamiri weUnited States, kuti abve muIraq kana akakwanisa kuchengeta $ 1 bhiriyoni.[xi]
- IUnited States nguva dzose yaive nechisarudzo chokungotanga kutanga imwe hondo.
Vazhinji munhu wese anofungidzira kuti United States yakapinda muAfghanistan mu2001 uye yakagara imomo kubvira zvakateedzana "nzvimbo dzekupedzisira dzekugara," kunyangwe ivo veTaliban vakadzokorora kudzosera bin Laden kune imwe nyika yechitatu kuti vatongwe, al Qaeda haina kuvepo kwakakosha muAfghanistan kwenguva yakawanda yehondo, uye kubvisa kwave kuri sarudzo chero nguva.[xii]
Vazhinji vanotsigira kuti United States yakaenda kunorwa neIraq muna1990-1991 se "sarudzo yekupedzisira," kunyangwe hazvo hurumende yeIraq yakanga ichida kutaurirana nezvekubviswa muKuwait pasina hondo uye pakupedzisira yakapa kuti vangobve muKuwait mukati memavhiki matatu pasina mamiriro. Mambo weJorodhani, Pope, Mutungamiriri weFrance, Mutungamiriri weSoviet Union, nevamwe vazhinji vakakurudzira kugadzikana kwakadaro, asi White House yakaramba ichifunga "kwekupedzisira".[xiii]
Kunyangwe kuisa mararamiro evanhu akawanda anowedzera kuvengana, kupa zvombo, uye kupa simba hurumende dzekutonga, pamwe nekutaurirana kwenhema kunofanirwa kutungamira panzvimbo pokudzivisa hondo, nhoroondo yehondo yeUnited States inogona kutarirwa kumashure kwemazana emakore senhau yezvikamu zvisingaperi yemikana yehugare yakanyatsodzivirirwa pamatambudziko ose.
Mexico yakanga yakagadzirira kutaurirana kutengesa kwehafu yayo yekuchamhembe, asi United States yaida kuitora kuburikidza nechiito chekuuraya vakawanda. Spain yaida nyaya yacho Maine kuenda kunopokana kwenyika dzese, asi iyo US yaida hondo nehumambo. Soviet Union yakaronga kutaurirana kwerunyararo Hondo yeKorea isati yaitika. United States yakaparadza zvirevo zverunyararo zveVietnam kubva kuVietnamese, maSoviet, nemaFrance, vachimanikidza "nzira yekupedzisira" pamusoro peimwe sarudzo, kubva pazuva iro Gulf yeTonkin yakaraira hondo kunyangwe isina kumboitika.[xiv]
Kana iwe ukatarisa kuburikidza nehondo dzakaringana, iwe unowana zvakangofanana zviitiko zvakashandiswa pane imwe nguva sechirevo chehondo uye pane imwe chiitiko chisina chinhu cherudzi. Mutungamiri George W. Bush vakakurudzira Mutungamiriri weUK UK Tony Blair kuti kutora pfuti yeU2 kunogona kuvapinza muhondo yavaida.[xv] Asi apo Soviet Union ikarova ndege yeU2, Mutungamiri Dwight Eisenhower haana kutanga hondo.
Hongu, hongu, hongu, mumwe anogona kupindura, mazana ehondo chaidzo uye dzisina kururamisira hadzisi dzekupedzisira nzvimbo dzekugara, kunyangwe ivo vatsigiri vavo vachiti chinzvimbo chavo. Asi dzidziso Hondo Yekupedzisira ichave yekupedzisira sarudzo. Zvingadaro here? Panogona kuve pasina imwe sarudzo mutsika yakaenzana kana yepamusoro? Allman naWinright vanotaura zvakataurwa naPapa John Paul II nezve "basa rekutora zvombo muhondo iyi kana dzimwe nzira dzikaratidza kuti hadzina basa." Asi "kudzora zvombo" ndizvo chaizvo zvakaenzana ne "bhomba kana kupinda"? Isu takaona hondo dzakatangwa dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinobvisa zvombo, uye mhedzisiro yave zvombo zvakawanda kupfuura nakare kose Ko kurega kusimba seimwe nzira inogoneka yekudzimbura? Zvakadini nedzimwe nyika dzakasununguka zvombo? Ko zvakadini nezvehupfumi nezvimwe zvinokurudzira kuti usaputira?
Pakanga pasina nguva apo kubhomba muRwanda kwaizove "nzira yekupedzisira" yetsika. Paive nenguva apo mapurisa ane zvombo angave akabatsira, kana kucheka radio radio ichishandiswa kumutsa kuuraya kunogona kunge kwakabatsira. Paive nenguva zhinji apo vashandi vasina rugare vaisabatsira. Paive nenguva apo kubvunza kuzvidavirira kwekuurawa kwemutungamiri wenyika kwaizobatsira. Paive nemakore matatu izvi zvisati zvaitika apo kurega kudzora ruoko nekupa mari kuuraya vekuUganda kwaizobatsira.
"Yekupedzisira sarudzo" zvirevo zvinowanzove zvisina kusimba kana munhu achifungidzira kufamba achidzoka munguva kusvika panguva yedambudziko, asi zvine simba kushomeka kana munhu akangofungidzira achidzokera kumberi zvishoma. Vazhinji vanhu vanoedza kururamisa Hondo Yenyika II kupfuura Hondo Yenyika I, kunyangwe zvazvo imwe yadzo ingadai isina kumboitika pasina imwe kana isina nzira isingafungi yekuipedza, izvo zvakatungamira vazhinji vaiona panguva iyoyo kufanotaura Hondo Yenyika II nekururama kwakakosha. . Kana kurwisa ISIS muIraq ikozvino iri "nzira yekupedzisira" zvinongoitika nekuda kwehondo yakawedzera muna 2003, izvo zvingadai zvisina kuitika pasina Hondo yekutanga yeGulf, iyo ingadai isina kuitika pasina kubata ruoko uye kutsigira Saddam Hussein muhondo yeIran-Iraq, uye zvichingodaro zvichidaro kuburikidza nemazana emakore. Ehe kusaruramisira zvikonzero zvematambudziko hazviite kuti zvese zvisarudzo zvitsva zvisaruramisike, asi zvinoratidza kuti mumwe munhu ane imwe pfungwa kunze kweyehondo yakawanda ngaapindire mukutenderera kwekuparadza kwekuzviruramisa dambudziko dambudziko.
Kunyangwe panguva yedambudziko, ichokwadi here kukurumidzira dambudziko sekutaura kwevatsigiri vehondo? Ichokwadi here kuti nguva iriko pano kunze kwekutambudza kufunga kwekuedza? Allman naWinright vanopa rondedzero yedzimwe nzira dzehondo dzinofanirwa kunge dzakapedzwa kuti hondo ive sarudzo yekupedzisira: "zvirango zvine hungwaru, kuyedza kwehukama, kutaurirana kwevanhu vechitatu, kana chirevo chekupedzisira."[xvi] Ndizvo? Urongwa urwu nderwe runyorwa ruzere rweimwe nzira dzinowanikwa izvo National Public Radio inoratidza "Zvinhu Zvese Zvinofungidzirwa" kune zvese zvinhu. Ivo vanofanirwa kuitazve zita "Peresenti Mbiri yezvinhu Inofungidzirwa." Gare gare, Allman naWinright vanotora chirevo chekuti kupidigura hurumende kune moyo munyoro pane "kuva" nazvo. Iyi nharo, vanyori vanochengetedza, zvinopesana ne "pacifist uye yazvino varwi vehondo theorists zvakafanana." Zvinodaro? Ndeipi sarudzo yaive iyo miviri miviri yainzi yaifarira? "Containment"? Iyo haisi nzira ine runyararo uye zvirokwazvo haisi iyo chete imwe nzira yehondo.
Kana nyika ikarwiswa uye ikasarudza kurwira kuzvidzivirira, ingadai isina nguva yezvirango uye imwe neimwe yesarudzo dzakanyorwa. Izvo zvaisatombove nenguva yekutsigirwa nedzidzo kubva kuJust War theorists. Zvaizongozviwana zvadzo zvichirwira. Iyo nzvimbo yeiyo Just Hondo dzidziso yekushandira mairi, saka, zvirinani muchikamu chikuru, idzo hondo idzo chinhu chakapfupika kuzvidzivirira, idzo hondo dzino "prerepive," "kudzivirira," "kudzivirira," nezvimwe.
Nhanho yekutanga kubva kubva kuzvidzivirira ihondo yakatangwa kudzivirira kurwiswa kuri pedyo. Iyo Obama Administration ine, mumakore achangopfuura, yakatsanangudza "iri padyo" kureva dzidziso inokwanisika rimwe zuva. Ivo vakabva vataura kuti vari kuuraya nedrones chete vanhu vakaita "iri padyo nekuenderera mberi kutyisidzira kuUnited States." Ehezve, dai zvaive padhuze pasi petsananguro yakajairwa, zvaisazoenderera, nekuti zvaizoitika.
Heino nzira yakatsoropodza kubva kuDhipatimendi Rezvemitemo "White Paper" inotsanangura "yava pedyo"
"[T] akaronga kuti mutungamiri anoshanda aratidze 'pedyo' kutyisidzira kuUnited States hakudi kuti United States ive neuchapupu hwakajeka hwekuti kurwiswa kwevanhu veUS uye zvido zvavo zvichaitika munguva pfupi iri kutevera. ”[xvii]
George W. Bush Administration yakaona zvinhu nenzira yakafanana. Sangano reNational Security Strategy ra2002 rinoti: “Tinoziva kuti kuzvidzivirira kwedu kwakanaka imhosva.”[xviii] Ichokwadi, izvi ndezvechokwadi, sezvo hondo dzinotyisa dzinokurudzira ruvengo. Asi zvinotendeseka zvakare.
Pane imwe nguva patinenge tichitaura nezvezvisinga dziviriri zvehondo zvirevo, nezvematambudziko umo munhu ane nguva yezvirango, kudyidzana, uye mhedzisiro, imwe zvakare ine nguva yezvimwe zvese zvezvimwe zvinhu. Mikana ingangosanganisira: kusagadzikana (kusapfeka zvombo) kudzivirirwa kwevanhu - kuzivisa sangano rekusagadzikana kuita chero basa rakaedzwa, kuratidzira kwepasirese uye kuratidzira, zvirevo zvekudzivirira zvombo, kuzivisa kusabatana kwezvematongerwo enyika, kuratidzira kwehukama kusanganisira rubatsiro, kutora gakava kumhan'arira kana dare, kuunganidza komisheni yechokwadi uye yekuyananisa, nhaurirano dzekudzoreredza, hutungamiriri nemuenzaniso kuburikidza nekubatana nezvisungo zvinosunga kana International Criminal Court kana kuburikidza nekutonga pasi rose Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, kudyidzana kwevanhu, kubatana kwetsika, uye kusagadzikana kwechisimba kwezvakasiyana siyana.
Asi zvakadiniko kana isu tichifungidzira chaiyo inodzivirira hondo, kungave kunotyisa asi kuseka zvisingaite kurwisa kweUnited States, kana Hondo yeUS inoonekwa kubva kune rimwe divi? Izvo zvaingova zveVietnamese kuti vazvirwire? Izvo zvaingova zvevaIraq kuti vazvirwire? Et cetera. (Ndiri kureva izvi kusanganisira mamiriro ekurwiswa kwenyika chaiyo yeUnited States, kwete kurwiswa, semuenzaniso, mauto eUS muSyria. Sezvandinonyora, hurumende yeUnited States iri kutyisidzira "kudzivirira" mauto ayo mu Siriya inofanira hurumende yeSyria "kuvarwisa".)
Mhinduro mhomanana yemubvunzo iwoyo ndeyokuti kana murwisi angadai akadzivisa, hapana chekuzvidzivirira chingadai chaidiwa. Kutsiva kurwisana nehondo dzeUnited States kusvika kune chikonzero chekuwedzera mari yekushandiswa kweuto rekuAmerica kunokanganisa kunyange kune K Street lobbyist.
Mhinduro yakati rebei zvishoma ndeyekuti kazhinji harisi iro basa rakakodzera kune mumwe munhu akazvarwa uye achigara muUnited States kuraira vanhu vanogara pasi pemabhomba eUS kuti vanofanirwa kuyedza kusagadzikana.
Asi mhinduro kwayo yakanyanya kuomarara pane imwe yeaya. Mhinduro inova yakajeka kana tikatarisa kuvhozhokera kwekunze uye kumukira / hondo dzevagari vemo. Kune zvimwe zvekupedzisira zvekutarisa, uye kune mimwe mienzaniso yakasimba yekunongedzera. Asi chinangwa chedzidziso, kusanganisira Anti-Just-Hondo dzidziso, inofanirwa kunge iri yekubatsira kuburitsa mimwe mienzaniso-yepasirese yemhedzisiro mhedzisiro, senge mukushandisa kwekusaita zvechisimba kurwisa kwevekunze.
Zvidzidzo zvakaita saErica Chenoweth zvakagadza kuti kusagadzikana kwechisimba kuudzvanyiriri kuri mukana wekubudirira, uye kubudirira kwacho kunonyanya kugara, pane kupokana nechisimba.[xix] Saka kana tikatarisa chimwe chinhu senge yechisimba yekuchinja muTunisia mu2011, tinogona kuona kuti inosangana nematanho akawanda seimwewo mamiriro ehondo yeRuramisiro, kunze kwekuti yanga isiri hondo zvachose. Mumwe haangadzokere kumashure munguva uye kupokana nezano risingaite kuti ribudirire asi rinogona kukonzera marwadzo mazhinji nerufu. Zvichida kuita izvi kunogona kuita nharo yeHondo yeHondo. Zvichida nharo yeHurumende yeHurumende ingatoitwe, anachronistically, kune 2011 US "kupindira" kuunza democracy kuTunisia (kunze kwekusakwanisa kweUnited States kuita chinhu chakadai, uye nenjodzi yakavimbiswa ingadai yakaguma). Asi kana iwe uchinge waita shanduko pasina kuuraya nekufa kwese, hazvichakwanise kutaura kuuraya nekufa kwese - kwete kana chiuru cheGeneva Konferensi dzakagadzirwa, uye zvisinei nekukanganisa kwekusaita zvechisimba kubudirira.
Pasinei nokushayikwa kwechimiro chemienzaniso kusvika ikozvino yekusagadzikana kwekudzivirira kune dzimwe nyika basa, kune avo vatotanga kutora muenzaniso wekubudirira. Heino Stefani Zunes:
"Kusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana kwakabudirirawo kupikisa basa remauto kunze kwenyika. Munguva yekutanga intifada yePalestina muZ1980s, vazhinji vevanhu vakadzingwa vakakwanisa kuburikidza vakava masangano ekuzvitonga kuburikidza nehukuru husina basa uye kusikwa kwezvimwe zvikoro, vachimanikidzira Israeri kubvumira kusikwa kwePalestine Authority uye kuzvidzora kwevakawanda vemaguta nzvimbo dzeWest Bank. Kusagadziriswa kushorwa muHarare yeSahara yakamanikidza Maroc kupa sarudzo yekuzvimirira-iyo ichiri kuwira pasi pfupi neMorocco kusungirwa kwekupa Sahrawis kodzero yavo yekuzvitsvakira-zvingangozivikanwa kuti ndima yacho haisi imwe chikamu cheMorocco.
“Mumakore ekupedzisira ekutapa kweGerman Denmark neNorway munguva yeWWII, maNazi aisakwanisa kudzora huwandu hwevanhu. Lithuania, Latvia, neEstonia vakazvisunungura kubva mukutora kweSoviet kuburikidza nekurwisa kusagadzikana pamberi pokuwa kweUSSR. MuRebhanoni, nyika yakaparadzwa nehondo kwemakumi emakore, makore makumi matatu ekutonga kweSyria kwakapera kuburikidza nekumukira kukuru, kusine chisimba muna 2005. Uye gore rapfuura, Mariupol rakava iro guta rakakura kupfuura ose kusunungurwa kubva mukutonga nevapanduki vanotsigirwa neRussia muUkraine. , kwete nokubhomba uye kurwa kwemauto nemauto eUkraine, asi zviuru zvevashandi vesimbi vasina zvombo zvavakafora murunyararo munzvimbo dzavaigara dzedhorobha uye vachidzinga vaparadzanisi vaive nezvombo. ”[xx]
Imwe inogona kutarisa zvingave mune mienzaniso yakawanda yekurwisa vaNazi, uye mukurwisana kweGermany kuFrance kunopinda muRuhr mu1923, kana kuti zvichida mukubudirira kwepanguva imwe yePhilippine uye kubudirira kunogara kuripo kweEcuador mukudzinga mauto eUnited States , uye zvechokwadi muenzaniso weGandhi wekutora maBritish kunze kweIndia. Asi mienzaniso yakawanda yakawanda yekusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana kwekutambudzwa kwemuzinda inopawo mutungamiri wezvinoitika mune ramangwana.
Kuve netsika dzakanaka, kusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana kwekurwisana kwechokwadi hakufaniri kuonekwa kuti inogona kubudirira kupfuura kupindura kwechisimba. Inongoda chete kuonekwa sechinhu chiduku kune imwe nguva. Nokuti kana ikabudirira ichaita saizvozvo pasina kukuvadza, uye kubudirira kwayo kuchave kwakanyanya kuitika.
Mukushaikwa kwekurwiswa, apo zvirevo zviri kuitwa kuti hondo inofanira kutanga se "yekupedzisira sarudzo," mhinduro dzisina mhirizhonga dzinongoda kungooneka zvine musoro. Kunyangwe mune iyo mamiriro, ivo vanofanirwa kuyedzwa vasati vatangisa hondo inogona kunzi "yekupedzisira sarudzo." Asi nekuti ivo havaperi mukusiyana uye vanogona kuyedzwa vakadzokororwazve, pasi pemafungiro akafanana, imwe haifi yakazosvika panguva yekurwisa imwe nyika iri yekupedzisira sarudzo.
Kana iwe uchikwanisa kuita izvozvo, sarudzo yetsika ingadai ichiri kuda kuti izvo zvinofungidzirwa mabhenefiti ehondo yako kupfuura kukuvadzwa kwese kunoitwa nekuchengetedza hurongwa hwehondo (ona chikamu chiri pamusoro apa pa "Kugadzirira Hondo Yakarurama Kusaruramisira Kukuru Kupfuura Hondo Yese" )
[I] David Swanson, "Kudzidza Kunowana Vanhu Vachifunga Kuti Hondo Ndiyo Yekupedzisira Resort," http://davidswanson.org/node/4637
[Ii] Nicolas Davies, Alternet, "Vapanduki Vane Zvombo uye Middle-Kumabvazuva Masimba Anotamba: Maitiro eUS Ari Kubatsira Kuuraya Runyararo muSyria," http://www.alternet.org/world/armed-rebels-and-middle-eastern-power-plays-how- isu-kubatsira-kuuraya-rugare-syria
[Iii] Julian Borger naBastien Inzaurralde, "Kumadokero 'havana hanya nekupihwa neRussia muna 2012 kuti Assad yeSyria ibve parutivi,'” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/15/west-ignored-russian-offer-in -2012-to-have-syrias-assad-nhanho-parutivi
[Iv] Farea Al-muslimi kupupura pa Drone Wars Senate Komiti Kunzwa, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtQ_mMKx3Ck
[V] The Mirror, "Navy Seal Rob O'Neill uyo akauraya Osama bin Laden anoti US haina chinangwa chekutora hugandanga," http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/navy-seal-rob-oneill-who- 4612012 Onawo: ABC News, "Osama Bin Laden Asina Kusungwa Pakaurayiwa, White House Inoti,"
[vi] Washington Post, "Gaddafi anotambira mepu yerunyararo yakataurwa nevatungamiriri vemuAfrica,"
[vii] Ona http://warisacrime.org/whitehousememo
[viii] Julian Borger kuWashington, Brian Whitaker naVikram Dodd, The Guardian, "Saddam anoda zvekumisa hondo," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[ix] Julian Borger kuWashington, Brian Whitaker naVikram Dodd, The Guardian, "Saddam anoda zvekumisa hondo," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[x] Julian Borger kuWashington, Brian Whitaker naVikram Dodd, The Guardian, "Saddam anoda zvekumisa hondo," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/nov/07/iraq.brianwhitaker
[xi] Memo yemusangano: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bush-Aznar_memo uye nhau yemashoko: Jason Webb, Reuters "Bush akafunga kuti Saddam anga akagadzirira kutiza: report," http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-bush-spain-idUSL2683831120070926
[xii] Rory McCarthy, The Guardian, "Chipo chitsva paBin Laden," https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/17/afghanistan.terrorism11
[xiii] Clyde Haberman, New York Times, "Papa Anoshora Hondo yeGulf se'Rima '," http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/01/world/pope-denounces-the-gulf-war-as-darkness.html
[xiv] David Swanson, Hondo Ndeye Nhema, http://warisalie.org
[xv] White House Memo: http://warisacrime.org/whitehousememo
[xvi] Maka J. Allman & Tobias L. Winright, Mushure mokunge Smoke Clears: Kururamisira Hondo Yenzira uye Post War Justice (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Mabhuku, 2010) p. 43.
[xvii] Dhipatimendi reVhandi White Paper, http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/sections/news/020413_DOJ_White_Paper.pdf
[xviii] 2002 National Security Strategy, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/national/nss-020920.pdf
[xix] Erica Chenoweth naMaria J. Stephan, Chikonzero nei Kusagadzikana Kwevanhu Munyika Kunoshanda: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict (Columbia University Press, 2012).
[xx] Stephen Zunes, "Dzimwe nzira dzeHondo kubva pasi pasi," http://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/alternatives-to-war-from-the-bottom-up/
