Bhaisikopo Rakanakisisa Pane Akamboita nezve Chokwadi Kumashure kweHondo yeIraq “Zvakavanzika”

"Zvakavanzika Zvepamutemo," izvo zvakavhura Chishanu muNew York neLos Angeles, ndiyo bhaisikopo rakanakisa rakamboitwa nezvekuti Hondo yeIraq yakaitika sei. Izvo zvinokatyamadza nenzira inoshamisa, uye nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinokurudzira zvakafanana, zvinoderedza moyo, zvine tariro, uye zvinoshatirisa. Ndapota enda unozviona.

Izvo zvakanganikwa ikozvino, asi Hondo yeIraq nemisikanzwa yayo inosemesa - mazana ezviuru erufu, kusimuka kweboka reIslam State, hope dzehusiku dzinopinda muSiria, zvine mutsindo hutungamiriri hwaDonald Trump - zvakapotsa zvaitika. Mumavhiki pamberi pesarudzo dzakatungamirwa neU.S. musi waKurume 19, 2003, mhosva yekuAmerican neBritain yehondo yaive ichidonha. Yakaita kunge jalopy yakagadzirwa zvisizvo, injini yayo ichiputa uye zvikamu zvakasiyana siyana zvichidonha zvichikanganisa nzira munzira.

Kwechinguva chidiki ichi, kutonga kwaGeorge W. Bush kwakaita sekunge kwakawedzera. Zvingave zvakanyanyisa kuomesera kuti US ipinde nechisimba pasina UK, yayo yakatendeka Mini-Me, padivi payo. Asi muUK, pfungwa yehondo isina kubvumirwa kubva kuUnited Nations Security Council yaive zvakakomba zvisingafarirwe. Zvakare, isu tava kuziva kuti Peter Goldsmith, Gweta remutemo weBritain akaudza Prime Minister Tony Blair kuti danho reIraq rakapihwa neSecurity Council munaNovember 2002 "haibvumidze kushandiswa kwemauto pasina chitsidzo chakawedzerwa neDare Rokuchengetedza." (Gweta repamusoro kuInternational Office, iyo yakaenzana neBritish State department. zvakanyanyisa kuti: "Kushandisa simba pasina chengetedzo yeDare redzimhosva kungawedzera mhosva.") Saka Blair aishuvira kuwana zvigunwe kubva kuUN Yet zvakashamisika munhu wese, 15-nyika Security Council yakaramba irikufaranuka.

Musi waKurume 1, iyo UK Observer yakakanda grenade mune ino inonyanya kupisa simba mamiriro: a leaked Ndira 31 email kubva kuNational Security Agency maneja. Maneja weNSA akange achidawo mutero wakazara wedare redzimhosva pamusoro penhengo dzeSecurity Council - "kubvisa US uye GBR," maneja akadaro akati - pamwe nenyika dzisiri dzeSecurity Council dzingave dzinogadzira kutaura kunobatsira.

Izvi zvakaratidzira ndezvekuti Bush naBlair, avo vese vanga vakati ivo vanoda kuti Security Council itore kumusoro kana pasi vhoti pachigadziro ichipa chitambi chepamutemo chekubvumirwa zvehondo, vairevesa. Ivo vaiziva kuti vaipererwa. Zvairatidza kuti ivo pavaizviti ivo aiva kupinda nechisimba muIraq nekuti vaive nehanya zvakanyanya nekusimudzira kushanda kweUN, vakafara kumanikidza vamwe nhengo dzeUN, kusvika uye kusanganisira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakashata. Zvakaratidza kuti chirongwa cheNSA chaive chisina kujairika zvekuti, kumwe kunhu kwenyika yehungwaru, mumwe munhu akatsamwa zvekuti akave panjodzi yekuenda kujeri kwenguva yakareba.

Munhu iyeye aive Katharine Pfuti.

Yakatambiswa nehunyanzvi mu "Zvakavanzika Zvepamutemo" naKeira Knightley, Gun aive muturikiri kuGeneral Communications Headquarter, yakaenzana neBritain yeNSA. Pane imwe nhanho, "Zvakavanzika Zvepamutemo" mutambo wakananga, unofungira pamusoro pake. Iwe unodzidza kuti akawana sei iyo email, nei akaiburitsa, kuti akazviita sei, sei akakurumidza kureurura, mhedzisiro inotyisa yaakatarisana nayo, uye rakasarudzika danho repamutemo rakamanikidza hurumende yeBritain kukanda zvese zvaaipomerwa. Panguva iyoyo, Daniel Ellsberg akati zvaakaita "zvaive nenguva uye zvaikosha kupfuura Mapepa ePentagon… kutaura chokwadi sezvizvi kunogona kumisa hondo."

Pamwero wekuchenjera, iyo firimu inobvunza uyu mubvunzo: Sei iyo leak isina kuita mutsauko wechokwadi? Ehe, zvakabatsira kupokana neUS neUK ku Security Council, iyo isina kumbovhota pane imwe gadziriso yeIraq, nekuti Bush naBlair vaiziva kuti vaizorasikirwa. Asi Blair akakwanisa kurambidza izvi uye kuwana vhoti neBritish Paramende vhiki dzinoverengeka gare gare achipedzisa Hondo yake.

Pane imwe mhinduro huru kumubvunzo uyu, zvese mu "Zvakavanzika Zvepamutemo" uye chokwadi: US media media. "Zvakavanzika Zvepamutemo" zvinobatsira kuratidza kusanzwisisika kwepfungwa nevekuAmerican venhau, avo vakasvetuka vachishuva girinedhi iri kununura shamwari dzaro dzezvikara mukutonga kwaBush.

Zviri nyore kufungidzira nhoroondo yakasiyana kupfuura yatakagara. Vezvematongerwo enyika veBritain, sevaAmerican, vanosema kushoropodza masangano avo ehungwaru. Asi kunyatsotevedzera nyaya yeObserver nevakuru vekuUS mepanhau ingadai yakaunza pfungwa kubva kunhengo dzeUS Congress. Izvi zvingave zvakavhurira nzvimbo nhengo dzeBritain dzeparamende dzakapesana neyekupinda kuti vabvunze kuti chii chiri kuitika pasi. Hondo yehondo yakanga ichipararira nekukasira zvekuti kana kunonoka kudiki kwaigona kuve kwakagadziriswa zvachose. Bush naBlair vese vaiziva izvi, ndosaka vakasundira mberi vasingaregi.

Asi mupasi rino, iyo New York Times yakaburitsa chairo nezve NSA kuvuza pakati pezuva rekuburitswa muUK uye kutanga kwehondo dzinenge vhiki nhatu dzakazotevera. Iyo Washington Post yakaisa imwechete 500-izwi chinyorwa pane peji A17. Musoro wayo: "Kuongorora Vanotaura Kuti Hapana Shamwari kuUN" Los Angeles Times zvakafanana vakamhanyira chikamu chimwe pamberi pehondo, musoro wenyaya wakatsanangura, "Kugombedzera kana kwete, vamwe vanoti hapana chekuita nechinangwa." Chinyorwa ichi chakapa mukana iyo yekare zano reCIA yekuratidza kuti iyo email yakanga isiri chaiyo.

Uyu ndiwo waive muchero wakanyanya kubereka mukurwisa nyaya yaObserver. Sezvinoratidzwa ne "Zvakavanzika Zvemutemo", terevhizheni yekuAmerica pakutanga yaifarira kuisa imwe yevatori venhau veObserver. Kukoka uku kwakakurumidza kuyerera sezvo Drudge Report yakapenengura ichiratidza kuti email yaive pachena kuti ndeye nhema. Sei? Nekuti yakashandisa zviperengo zveBritish mazwi, sekuti "zvinofadza," uye saka hazvingadai zvakanyorwa nemuAmerican.

Muchokwadi, iyo yekutanga yakadonhedza iyo Observer yakashandisa maAmerican kuperetera, asi vasati vaburitsa vashandi vebepa rekutsigira vaive vangozvichinja kuita vhezheni dzeBritish pasina vatori venhau vaona. Uye senguva dzose pakutarisana nekurwiswa kubva kurudyi-bapiro, materevhizheni network muUS akatya nekutya kukuru. Panguva iyo iyo spelling minutiae yakatwasanudzwa, ivo vaizopuruzira chiuru mamaira kubva kune iyo Observer scoop uye vaive zero zero kufarira kuionazve.

Iyo hanya shoma iyo nyaya yakawana yakave zvikuru yekutenda kumutori venhau uye muratidziri Norman Solomon, uye nesangano raakatanga, Sangano reRuzhinji Rwakakodzera, kana IPA. Soromoni akange aenda kuBaghdad mwedzi mishoma yadarika uye akanyora bhuku racho "Target Iraq: Izvo Nhau Dzemhau Dzisina Kuudza Iwe, ”Yakabuda mukupera kwaJanuary 2003.

Nhasi, Soromoni anoyeuka kuti "Ndainzwa kuva nekukurumidza hama - uye, chaizvo, zvandaigona kurondedzera serudo - kune wese anga atora njodzi huru yekuratidzira iyo NSA memo." Chokwadi, panguva iyoyo ndakanga ndisisina chokwadi nezvekuti ndiani akazviita. ”Pasina nguva akabva anyora chikamu chakanyorwa chinonzi" American Media Dodging UN Surveillance Story. "

Sei pepa rezvakarekera rakanga risingafukidze, Soromoni akabvunza Alison Smale, uye mutevedzeri wemumwe mutariri wedzimwe nyika kuNew York Times. "Hakusi kuti isu hatina kufarira," akadaro smale. Dambudziko raive rekuti "hapana chatinogona kuwana kana chirevo" pamusoro peiyo NSA email kubva kuvakuru veUS. Asi, "tichiri kutarisa mariri," akadaro Smale. "Hakusi kuti hatisi."

Iyo Times haina kubvira yataura nezveGuni kusvika munaNdira 2004, mwedzi gumi gare gare. Kunyangwe ipapo, haina kuoneka muchikamu chenhau. Pane kudaro, nekuda kwekukurudzira kubva kuIPA, Times munyori wenhau Bob Herbert akatarisa mune nyaya, uye, akashamisika kuti vapepeti venhau vakapfuura, akazvitora paari.

Zvino, panguva ino unogona kuda kudonha kubva mukuora mwoyo. Asi usadaro. Nekuti heino kusinganzwisisike kwenyaya yacho - chimwe chinhu chakaoma uye chisingatendeke kuti chingaonekwe mu "Zvakavanzika Zvemutemo" zvachose.

NEI ZVAKAITWA GUNI wafunga kuti aifanira kuburitsa iyo NSA email? Nguva pfupi yapfuura iye akazivisa zvimwe zvezvinokurudzira zvake.

"Ini ndanga ndave kutonyumwa zvakanyanya nezve nharo dzehondo," anodaro kuburikidza neemail. Saka akaenda kuchitoro chemabhuku ndokunanga kuchikamu chezvematongerwo enyika ndokutsvaga chimwe chinhu nezveIraq. Akatenga mabhuku maviri akaaverenga kuti afukidze vhiki iyoyo. Pamwe chete ivo "zvakandigonesa kuti pakange pasina humbowo chaihwo hwehondo iyi."

Rimwe remabhuku ayaHondo Hondo Iraq: Zvikonzero gumi Kupokana Hondo paIraq”NaMilan Rai. Yechipiri yaive "Target Iraq," iro bhuku rakanyorwa naSoromoni.

"Target Iraq" rakabudiswa neContext Book, kambani kadiki yakatanga kubhuroka mushure menguva pfupi. Yakasvika muzvitoro masvondo mashoma Gun isati yawana. Mumazuva mashoma mushure mekunge ariverenga, iyo yaJanuary 31 NSA email yakaoneka mubhokisi rake rebhokisi, uye akakurumidza kusarudza chaaifanira kuita.

"Zvakandishamisa kunzwa Katharine achiti bhuku re'Target Iraq 'rakamukurudzira kusarudza zano reNSA," anodaro Soromoni zvino. "Ini ndanga ndisingazive kuti ndozvinzwisisa sei."

Izvi zvinoreva chii?

Kune vatapi venhau vane hanya nezvezvenhau, zvinoreva kuti, nepo iwe kazhinji uchigona kunzwa kuti uri kupururudza zvisina mweya mukati memhepo, haungambo fembera kuti rako basa richasvika riinhi uye raizovakanganisa sei. Vanhu vari mukati meguru, masimba ane simba havasi vese vanogadzirisa mune zvisingapedzisi kubhururuka. Vazhinji vanogara vari vanhu vanogara munyika imwechete seyevamwe vese uye, sevamwe vese, vari kunetsekana kuita chinhu chaicho sezvavanoona icho. Tora zvakakoshesa mukana wekuti uri kutaurirana nemunhu anogona kutora chiitiko iwe chausingatombo tarisira.

Kune vasiri venhau nevatori venhau zvakafanana, chidzidzo zvakare ndechekuti: Usaore moyo. Vaviri Solomon naGun vanoramba vachishungurudzika zvakanyanya kuti vakaita zvese zvavaigona kufungidzira vachiita kumisa Hondo yeIraq, uye zvakaitika zvakadaro. "Ndinonzwa kugutsikana kuti bhuku randakanyora pamwe raive nemhedzisiro yakadaro," anodaro Solomon. "Panguva imwecheteyo, ndinonzwa kuti hazvina basa nezvandinonzwa."

Asi ini ndinofunga kuti Gun naSolomon pfungwa yekundikana ndiyo nzira isiriyo yekutarisa pane zvavakaita uye zvinogona kuitwa nevamwe. Vanhu vakaedza kumisa Hondo yeVietnam vakangobudirira mushure mekunge mamirioni afa, uye vazhinji vevanyori nevamiriri vakazviona sekutadza futi. Asi muma1980s, apo mapato eReagan manejimendi aida kuitisa kuzadza kwakazara muLatin America, vakatadza kuibvisa pasi nekuda kwehwaro hwesangano neruzivo rwakagadzirwa makore apfuura. Icho chinovava chekuti iyo US yakagadzirisa sarudzo yayo yechipiri - kusunungura kufa zvikwata zvakauraya makumi ezviuru mudunhu rese - hazvireve kuti bhomba reVietnam-kapeti bhomba raisazove rakaipisisa.

Saizvozvo, Gun, Solomon nemamiriyoni evanhu vakarwa Hondo yeIraq iri kukundikana, neimwe nzira. Asi chero munhu anga achiteerera akabva aziva kuti Iraq yaive yakarongerwa sedanho rekutanga mukukunda kweUS kuMiddle East yese. Ivo havana kudzivirira Hondo yeIraq. Asi ivo, zvirinani kusvika ikozvino, vakabatsira kudzivirira Hondo yeIran.

Saka tarisaZvivimbiso Zvibvumirano”Painongotaridzika munzvimbo yemitambo padhuze newe. Iwe kashoma kuona mufananidzo uri nani weizvo zvazvinoreva kune mumwe munhu kuyedza kuita sarudzo yechokwadi yetsika, kunyangwe kana asina chokwadi, kunyangwe achitya, kunyangwe iye asingazive zvichaitika zvinotevera.