YeMupepeti Chiziviso: Kana Congress yaive yekupedzisira iyi Republican muna 1928, tinogona kuyeuka kuti Republican Senate ya1928 ratified chibvumirano chinorambidza hondo yose, iyo ichiri mumabhuku.
NeLawrence S. Wittner
Iye zvino sezvo Republican Party-izwi rakachengetedza mumasangano ezvematongerwo enyika eUnited States-rakawana kutonga kwakanyanya kweCongress kuti yakanakidzwa kubva muna 1928, inguva yakakodzera yekuona zvakanaka mazuva ano re conservatism.
Vashandi vekuchengetedza vakagadzirira mamwe mabasa anobatsira kuAmerica pamusoro penhoroondo yeUnited States. Alexander Hamilton yakaisa chikwereti chenyika chezvemari pane chakasimba nguva yekupera kwezana remakore regumi nemasere. Kutsunga kuita kuti zivo iwanikwe kune vese maAmerican, Andrew Carnegie yakabhadhara mari kuvandudza iyo yemahara US raibhurari yeruzhinji system mukupera kwegumi nemapfumbamwe uye kutanga makumi maviri emakore. Munguva yekutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, Elihu Root uye vamwe vanochengetedza vakaita basa rakakosha mukumisikidzwa kwemutemo wepasi rose. Zvakare, pakati pezana ramakumi maviri emakore, Robert Taft akakurumidza kupomera rusvingo rwemauto ehondo, achikakavadzana kuti yakabatwa nehutongi hwehurumende.
Asi, kuwedzera, mazuva ano maAmerica conservatism akafanana nebhokisi guru rinoputika, rinotungamirirwa nekuvenga-kuparadzanisa demagogues kuderedza kana kuparadza masangano anodiwa kwenguva refu, kubva US Post Office (yakagadzwa naBenjamin Franklin mu1775 uye yakaiswa muSouth Constitution) mamiriyoni emitemo mitemo (iyo yakatanga kuoneka padanho rehurumende mukutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri). Zvinosuruvarisa, kutaura kweyezvino Conservatism - yakanangana nehurumende diki, bhizinesi remahara, uye rusununguko rwemunhu - zvinoita kunge yakaramba kurambana nehunhu hwayo. Chokwadi, kutaura kweconservatism uye maitiro ayo anowanzo kupokana.
Izvi zvinopomerwa here? Iko kunoratidzika kunge kune zvakawanda zvekusawirirana pakati pemashoko nezviito, uye vanochengetedza vanofanirwa kubvunzwa kuti vatsanangure. Semuyenzaniso:
- Sevadzivisi ve "hurumende huru," sei iwe unotsigira nemwoyo wose kurwisana kusingaperi kwehondo dzinotsigirwa nehurumende, mari yakawanda yehurumende yekushandisa mari, simba remapurisa ekunze kupfura nekuuraya vagari vasina kugadziriswa, hurumende inopindira nekodzero yekubvisa pamuviri uye kuronga mhuri, kurambidzwa kwehurumende pamuchato, nekubatanidzwa kwechechi nehurumende?
- Sevamiriri ve "mutongi wekutengesa," sei iwe unopikisa zvikwangwani zvinoda kuti zvikwereti zvayo zvive nehuwandu (semuenzaniso, "ine GMOs") iyo inogona kuita kuti vatengi vaite sarudzo dzakangwara dzezvigadzirwa?
- Sevamiriri vekufambira mberi kwenyu pachavo kuburikidza nekuedza kwega, nei muchipikisa mitero yemari inogona kuisa vana vepfumi nevarombo pane imwe nhanho yakaenzana mukurwa kwavo kwekubudirira kwega?
- Sevatsigiri vemakwikwi emakambani mumusika, nei muchiramba muchiritsira zvido zvemakambani makuru kune avo emabhizimisi maduku?
- Sevamiriri ve "private enterprise system," nei iwe kazhinji uchitsigira rubatsiro rwehurumende kuti usakundikana mabhizimusi makuru uye kubhadhara mitero kumabhizimisi makuru makuru ayo unoshuva kukwezva munharaunda yako kana munharaunda?
- Sevatsigiri vekusununguka kusarudza kushanda kune waanoshandira ("rusununguko rwechibvumirano"), sei iwe unopikisa kodzero yevashandi yekurega kushanda kune uyo anoshandira-kureva, kuuraya-uye kunyanya kurwisa hurumende?
- Sevamiriri vezvokuzvidira (panzvimbo pehurumende) chiito chekugadzirisa zvipikiso, sei iwe unonyatsopesana nehurumende dzebasa?
- Sevatsigiri vekusununguka kwebasa rekushanda nemari, nei muchigadzirisa hurumende yekuregerera miganhu, kusanganisira kuvaka kwemasvingo makuru, mapurisa makuru emiganhu, nekuvakwa kwemajeri mashoma?
- Sevatsoropodzi vezviverengero, sei musingarwisi mhiko dzehurumende dzekuvimbika, mureza wekutenderera, nekupikira kwekutendeseka?
- Sevamiriri ve "rusununguko," sei iwe usingati uri mberi kwekurwa nehurumende kutambudzwa, zvekuongorora zvematongerwe enyika, nekugadzirisa?
Kana kupokana uku kusingakwanise kutsanangurwa zvinogutsa, saka isu tine chikonzero chakanaka chekugumisa kuti iwo anozviti iwo maitiro eanochengetedza haasi anopfuura masiki anoremekedzeka kumashure ayo anohwanda zvishoma zvinoyemurika - semuenzaniso, kutsigira kwehondo uye kushandisa kwemauto kunoratidza chishuwo. kutonga pasi rese nezvivakwa, kutsigira kwemapurisa kuuraya nekuuraya vanhu vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika kunoratidza kuvengana nemadzinza mashoma, kuti kupesana nekodzero dzekubvisa pamuviri nekuronga mhuri zvinoratidza kuvenga vakadzi, kutsigira kwekupindira kwehurumende muzvinhu zvechitendero kunoratidza kuvengana nevashoma vezvitendero nevasingatendi, kupokana nekunyorerwa zvigadzirwa, kusava nehanya nemabhizinesi madiki, rubatsiro kumabhizimusi makuru, uye kupikisa kuramwa mabasa nemubatanidzwa kunoratidza kuvimbika kumakambani, kuti kupokana nemitero yenhaka kunoratidza kubatana nevapfumi, uye kutsigira ye nationalist hoopla, kutambudzwa, kuongororwa, uye kudzora kuratidzwa cts inodzvinyirira, masimba masimba. Muchidimbu, icho chinangwa chaicho chevanochengetedza ndechekuchengetedza hupfumi, murume kana mukadzi, dzinza, uye chinamato chechitendero, pasina bongozozo pamusoro penzira dzekuzvichengeta.
Zviito, hongu, zvinotaura zvinonzwika kupfuura mazwi, uye isu pasina mubvunzo tichawana zano rakanaka rekuti vanochengetedza vamire papi nemutemo wakapihwa neanouya Republican-anotonga Congress. Zvichakadaro, zvakadaro, zvingave zvinonakidza kuve nevanochengetedza vanotsanangura izvi gumi zvinopesana pakati pezvavanoti zvimiro nemabatiro avo.
Lawrence Wittner (http://lawrenceswittner.com), yakabatanidzwa ne PeaceVoice, ndiye Muzvinafundo weNhoroondo anobuda paSUNY / Albany. Bhuku rake razvino ndere "Chii chiri kuenderera kuUardvark?" (Solidarity Press), inoverengeka inonakidza nezve hupenyu hwekampasi.
