White Helmet, yakavambwa kununura vanhu vakavharirwa pasi pemarara ezvivakwa zvakaparadzwa nebhomba reSyria neRussia, rave nzvimbo inofarirwa nenhau dzekuMadokero dzinoburitsa nyaya yekubhomba kweRussia-Syrian. Vachiratidzwa semagamba anobatsira vanhu kwegore rapfuura uye vakatodomwa kuti vawane Mubairo weRunyararo weNobel zhizha rapfuura, maWhite Helmet akapihwa kuvimbika kusingabvunzwe nevatapi venhau vanovhara dambudziko reSyria.
Asi maWhite Helmet harisi sangano risiri rezvematongerwo enyika. Yakabhadharwa zvakanyanyaneDhipatimendi reHurumende reUnited States neBritish Foreign Office, boka rinoshanda chete munzvimbo dziri kuchamhembe kweSyria dzinodzorwa nesangano reAl Qaeda uye vanodyidzana navo vanonyanyisa—nzvimbo idzo vatori venhau vekuMadokero vasina kuwana. Tichifunga kuti White Helmet inoshanda pasi pesimba reavo vane simba chairo kumabvazuva kweAleppo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinodzorwa nevanopikisa, kuvimba nevezvenhau vekuMadokero kusangano iri paruzivo kunouya nenjodzi dzakakomba dzekunyengedzwa.
Basa guru rezvematongerwo enyika rakaitwa neWhite Helmet maererano nekuburitswa kwenhau dzekunze kwakaratidzwa zvinoshamisa mushure mekurwiswa kwekoniyuta yerori yeSyria Red Crescent munzvimbo yevapanduki yeUrum al-Kubra, kumadokero kweAleppo musi waGunyana 19. nzvimbo pakarepo mushure mekumisa kurwa kwakabvumiranwa neRussia, iyo US nehurumende yeSyria yakaputswa nekuuraya kunouraya kwendege kurwiswa kwemauto eSyria kurwisa ISIS kutenderedza guta reDeir Ezzor munaGunyana 17.
VaObama manejimendi vakafunga kuti kurwiswa uku kwaive kurova kwendege uye vakabva vapomera mhosva kundege yeRussia kana yeSyria. Mukuru weUS asingazivikanwe akaudza New York Times kuti pakanga paine “mukana wakakura kwazvo” wokuti ndege yeRussia yakanga iri pedyo nenzvimbo yacho nguva pfupi isati yarwiswa, asi vatungamiriri vacho havana kuzivisa pachena humbowo hupi nohupi hunotsigira chirevo ichocho. Mumazuva akatevera kurwiswa, kuburitswa kwenhau kwaivimba zvakanyanya neakaundi akapihwa neWhite Helmet. Mukuru wesangano muAleppo, Ammar Al-Selmo, akanga ari kuvapa nhoroondo yega-panzvimbo.
Shanduro yaSelmo yenyaya yacho yakazova yakazara nenhema; zvisinei, vatapi venhau vakawanda vakauya kwairi vasina kana zunu yekusatenda, uye vakaramba vachivimba naye kuti vawane ruzivo pamusoro pehondo dzirikuenderera mberi muAleppo nedzakapoteredza.
Kuchinja nyaya apo vezvenhau vachiridza pamwe chete
Ruzivo rwekutanga rwakaratidzwa nehuchapupu hwaSelmo sehusina kuvimbika kutaura kwake nezve kwaaive panguva iyo kurwisa kwakatanga. Selmo akadaro Time Magazine zuva rakatevera kurwiswa kwaaive ari kiromita kana kupfuura kubva kuimba yekuchengetera zvinhu uko marori erubatsiro aive akamiswa panguva iyoyo-zvichida paWhite Helmet Center muUrm al-Kubra. Asi Selmo akachinja nyaya yake mune imwe indavhiyu neWashington Post yakabudiswa Gunyana 24, ichiti "aigadzira tii muchivako chiri mhiri kwemugwagwa" panguva iyoyo.
Zvakatonyanya kushamisa, Selmo akamboti pakutanga akaona kutanga kwekurwiswa. Sekureva kwenyaya yakaburitswa neTime munaGunyana 21, Selmo akati ainwa tii pamhanza pakatanga bhomba, uye "akaona mabhomba ekutanga achidonha kubva pane zvaakazivisa sechikopokopo chehurumende yeSyria."
Asi Selmo anga asina kuona bhomba remubhomba richidonha kubva muherikoputa kana chero chimwe chinhu panguva iyoyo. Muvhidhiyo yakapfurwa mangwanani akatevera, Selmo akazivisa kuti bhomba rakanga ratanga nenguva dza7:30pm. Mukutaura kwakazotevera, maWhite Helmet anoisa nguva na7:12pm. Asi kunyura kwezuva munaGunyana 19 yaive na6:31pm, uye nenguva dza7pm, Aleppo yakanga yakafukidzwa nerima guru.
Mumwe munhu sezviri pachena akadana kutarisisa kwaSelmo kudambudziko iro mushure mekunge nyaya yeNguva yaburitswa, nekuti panguva yaakapa account yake kuWashington Post, akange achinjawo chikamu ichocho chenyaya. The Post Zvinonzi nhoroondo yake yakagadziridzwa sezvizvi: “Achipinda muvharanda nguva dza7pm, apo kwakanga kwatodoka, akati akateerera chikopokopo chichiuya ndokudonhedza mabhomba maviri emugomo.”
Mumavhidhiyo maWhite Helmet akaita husiku hwekurwiswa, Selmo akaenda mberi, achisimbisa pane chimwe chikamu chevhidhiyo kuti. mabhomba mana emabhomba yakanga yadonhedzwa uye mune imwe, iyo mabhomba masere emabhomba yakanga yadonha. Pfungwa yekuti mabhomba ebhomba akashandiswa mukurwiswa kwakabva yatorwa nevanozviti "varatidziri vezvenhau" vakamiririra zviremera zvinopikisa muAleppo mangwanani akatevera. BBC yakashuma. Dingindira irori raienderana nekuedza kwakaitwa nevapikisi vanodzokera ku2012 kuti vaone "mabhomba ebhomba" sezvombo zvinoparadza zvakasiyana, zvinoshoreka kupfuura zvombo zvekare.
Umboo husina mubvunzo hunobva kumasangano anopikisa
In vhidhiyo maWhite Helmet akaburitsa husiku hwekurwiswa, Selmo aitaura nevaoni achinongedza pakaiswa bhomba rinofungidzirwa. "Uri kuona bhokisi rebhomba remubhomba?" anobvunza. Asi chiri kuratidzwa muvhidhiyo indege ine rectangular muhurungudo kana kuti marara anoita seinenge mita yakadzika mafiti maviri yakafara uye akati pfuurei mafiti matatu kureba. Anosvika pasi pepamusoro oburitsa zvinoita kunge blade yefoshoro yakakuvadzwa, zvichienderana nechimiro chayo.
Chiitiko ichocho chinoratidza pachena kuti kutaura kwaSelmo kuve kwenhema zvachose. Mabhomba emugomo anoita denderedzwa rakakura kwazvo craters angangoita 25 tsoka paupamhi uye kupfuura 10 tsoka kudzika, saka bhokisi-kunge indentation muvhidhiyo haina kufanana chero nebhomba rebhomba crater.
Hussein Badawi, anove White Helmets director weUrum al-Kubra, akadzika zvakanyanya kupfuura Selmo muhutungamiriri hwesangano. Badawi akaoneka muchidimbu padivi paSelmo mune chimwe chikamu chevhidhiyo yakaitwa husiku ihwohwo asi akanyarara, ndokuzonyangarika. Zvakadaro, Badawi zvinopesana zvakananga Kutaura kwaSelmo kuti kuputika kwekutanga husiku ihwohwo kwaibva mumabhomba. MuHelmet Muchena Video iyo yakaturikirwa kubva muchiArabic kuenda kuChirungu, Badawi akatsanangura kuputika kwekutanga uku kwete sekurova kwendege asi se "maroketi mana akateedzana" padyo nepakati peRed Crescent komboni paUrum al-Kubra.
Hapana humwe humbowo hunoonekwa hwegomba rakadai senge rakagadzirwa nebhomba remubhomba rakabuda pachena. Tichitsigira zvakataurwa naSelmo, The Russian-based Conflict Intelligence Team, iyo yakazvipira kuramba zvirevo zvehurumende yeRussia, aigona kungotaura iyo vhidhiyo furemu yeSelmo yakasimudza icho chimedu chesimbi.
Webhusaiti yeBellingcat, ine muvambi Eliot Higgins asiri mugari wemuuto anopesana neRussia, Dhipatimendi reHurumende-rinotsigirwa neAtlantic Council, uye harina hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvombo, akaratidza kune imwe furemu. Higgins akati chidimbu chesimbi chakabva ku "crater." Akataurawo mufananidzo wechipiri waakati wairatidza "gomba rakagadziridzwa" munzira padyo nerori yakatsva. Asi nzvimbo iri pamufananidzo yairatidzika kunge yakafukidzwa netsvina yakachena zviri pachena kuti haipfuure mamita matatu kureba uye yakati pfuurei mafiti maviri paupamhi—zvakare iduku zvikuru zvokusagona kuva noufakazi hwokuputika kwebhomba.
Chikwata cheSelmo's White Helmet chakagoverawo kuBellingcat uye nhepfenyuro izvo zvairatidzika pekutanga kuona sehumbowo hwekurwiswa kwemhepo yeSyria neRussia: iyo yakaunyana tailfin yeRussia. OFAB-250 bhomba, iyo inogona kuonekwa pasi pemabhokisi mu a Mufananidzo yakatorwa mukati meimba yekuchengetera zvinhu panzvimbo yacho. Bellingcat akataura izvozvo mifananidzo sehumbowo hwakasimba hwekushandiswa kweRussia kwebhomba iroro mukurwiswa kwekonivha yerubatsiro.
Asi iyo mafoto eOFAB tailfin inonetsa zvakanyanya sehumbowo hwekurova mhepo. Dai bhomba reOFAB-250 raputika panguva iyoyo ringadai rakasiya gomba raive rakakura kudarika rakaratidzwa mufananidzo uya. Chiyero mutemo wegumbo ndeyekuti OFAB-250, seimwe bhomba chero ripi zvaro rinorema 250kg rinoita crater 24 kusvika 36 tsoka paupamhi uye 10 kana 12 tsoka kudzika. Hukuru hwegomba rayo hunoratidzwa muvhidhiyo yemutori wenhau weRussia akamira mune imwe mushure mehondo yeguta reSyria rePalmyra, iro rakanga rabatwa neISIS.
Uyezve, madziro emufananidzo angori mafiti mashoma kubva pane yaifungidzirwa nzvimbo yekukanganisa aive asina kukanganiswa nebhomba. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hapana OFAB-250 yakadonhedzwa panzvimbo iyoyo kana kuti yaive dud. Asi mufananidzo wemabhokisi akatenderedza OFAB tailfin unoburitsawo humwe humbowo hwekuti paive nekuputika. Somucherechedzi mumwe Akawanikwa kubva pakunyatsoongorora, mabhokisi anoratidza uchapupu hwe misodzi. A closeup yeimwe pasuru inoratidza patani yemakomba maburi.
Chete chimwe chinhu chine simba shoma pane bhomba reOFAB-250 kana bhomba rebhomba raizozvidavirira kune izvo zvinoonekwa. Chimwe chombo chine shrapnel inogona kukonzera muenzaniso unoonekwa pamufananidzo ndeyeRussia S-5 roketi, maviri akasiyana izvo zvinorasa kunze 220 kana 360 zvimedu zvidiki.
Muvhidhiyo akaita husiku hwekurwiswa, Selmo akange atotaura kuti ndege yeRussia yakadzinga S-5s panzvimbo, kunyange zvazvo akakanganisa kuvadana kuti “C-5s.” Uye mufananidzo wezvombo zviviri zveS-5 zvakagoverwawo kuBellingcat uye kumasangano enhau, kusanganisira Washington Post. Selmo iakasimbirira Nguva kuti kurwisa kwendege kwakakamurwa pakati pemabhomba emugaba uye makombora aipfurwa nejeti dzokuRussia.
Asi zvakare Badawi, iye White Helmet mukuru weUrum al Kubra, akapokana naSelmo mune imwe nguva. separation video, ichitaura kuti kurwiswa kwekutanga kwezvombo zvinokandwa zvakabva pasi. Kubvuma kwaBadawi kwakakosha, nekuti mauto anopikisa eSyria anga aine zvekushandisa Russian S-5s kubvira apo zvombo zvakaburitswa kunze kweLibya kune vapanduki vakawanda muna 2012. Vanga vachishandisa maS-5s semaroketi akavhurirwa pasi sezvakaita vapanduki veLibya, uye vakagadzira zvidzitiro zvavo zvekuvandudza.
Badawi akati zvombo zvina zvekutanga zvakapfurwa nemauto ehurumende yeSyria kubva kumafekitori edziviriro ari kumaodzanyemba kweAleppo. Asi zvidyarwa zvehurumende zvekudzivirira kumaodzanyemba kweAleppo gavhuna ari mual-Safira-anopfuura makiromita makumi maviri neshanu, nepo maS-25s ane huwandu hwemakiromita matatu kusvika mana chete.
Kunyanya kutaura inyaya yekuti, kunyangwe nekusimbirira kwaSelmo kuti airstrikes yakaramba ichienderera kwemaawa uye ichisanganisira akawanda anosvika makumi maviri kusvika makumi maviri neshanu kurwiswa kwakasiyana, hapana wenhengo dzeWhite Helmet timu akabata kamwe airstrike muvhidhiyo, iyo ingadai yakapa zvakajeka odhiyo. -uchapupu hunoonekwa hwezvaanoda.
Iyo Atlantic Council's Bellingcat saiti yakanongedzera kune a Video yakatumirwa pamhepo nevanopikisa masosi muAleppo sekupa humbowo hwakadai hwendege dzejet nguva dzehusiku dzisati dzaputika. Asi pasinei nezwi riri pavhidhiyo rinozivisa kuti yakanga iri ndege yeRussia, inzwi rinomira pakarepo mushure mekuputika kwemoto, zvichiratidza kuti yakakonzerwa nepasi rakatanga missile, kwete missile yakadzingwa kubva ndege yejeti. Saka humbowo hunosimbisa hwekurova mhepo kwaitaurwa naBellingcat hauna kunyatsozvisimbisa.
Kunyangwe rekodhi yekukanganisa, Selmo inoramba iri yekuenda-kune sosi
Chero ani aive akonzeresa kurwiswa kweSyria Red Crescent aid convoy, zviri pachena kuti Ammar al-Selmo, mukuru weWhite Helmet mukuru muAleppo, akanyepa nezve kwaaive pakatanga kurwiswa kwevabatsiri uye, pakutanga, akatsausa vateereri vake paakati akaona matanho ekutanga ekurwisa nemaziso ake. Pamusoro pazvo, akataura nezvemabhomba eSyria ebhomba uye mabhomba eRussia OFAB-250 akadonhedzwa paconvoy isingatsigirwe nehumbowo hupi zvahwo hunovimbika.
Tichifunga nezve kugadzirira kwaSelmo kushongedza account yake uye kutsigira rondedzero yekurwiswa kweRussia-Syrian, vezvenhau vekuMadokero vaifanira kunge vakangwarira zvakanyanya nekuvimba nazvo sekusimbisa mhosva yeUS nezve kurwisa koni yerubatsiro. Asi mukati memavhiki ekubhomba kukuru kweRussia neSyria kumabvazuva kweAleppo kwakatevera kuparara kwekumisa pfuti, Selmo aigara achitaurwa nevenhau senzvimbo yekurwisa mabhomba. Uye Selmo akashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu matsva kusundidzira hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hwevapanduki.
Musi waGunyana 23, White Helmet akaudza vezvenhau kuti nhatu dzenzvimbo dzavo ina dzekushanda dziri kumabvazuva kweAleppo dzakarohwa uye vaviri vacho vakanga vasisina basa. National Public Radio yakataurwa Selmo achiti aitenda kuti boka iri rakanga ranangwa nemaune, nekuti "akabata kutaurirana kwevatyairi vendege ndokuvanzwa vachipihwa mirairo yekubhomba vamwe vake." Sezvineiwo, NPR yakatadza kuona Selmo semukuru weWhite Helmet kumabvazuva kweAleppo, ichimuzivisa se "White Helmet nhengo."
Mazuva mashanu gare gare Washington Post yakashuma a chirevo chakafanana naIsmail Abdullah, mumwe mushandi weWhite Helmet anoshanda zvakananga pasi peSelmo. "Dzimwe nguva tinonzwa mutyairi wendege achiudza nzvimbo yake kuti, 'Tinoona musika wemagandanga, kune bhekari remagandanga," akadaro Abdullah. “Kuvarova kwakanaka here? Vanoti, 'Zvakanaka, varovei.'” Akawedzera kuti musi wa21 Gunyana, White Helmet yakanga yanzwa mutyairi wendege achitaura nezvenzvimbo dze“magandanga” dzinodzivirira vanhu. Sangano iri rakatumira meseji kuvakuru veUS muNew York kuUN General Assembly kuti vari kunangwa, Abdullah akawedzera. Idzi nyaya dzinoshamisa dzakabatsira kukurudzira mushandirapamwe weWhite Helmet weNobel Peace Prize, wakaziviswa mazuva akatevera asi wavasina kuhwina.
Chirevo chekuti White Helmet vakanzwa vatyairi vendege vachikumbira uye kugamuchira mvumo yekurova zvibodzwa vari mumhepo manyepo, sekureva kwaPierre Sprey, aimbove muongorori wePentagon wendege dzehondo uyo akaita basa repakati mukugadzira F-16. "Hazvigoneke kuti uku kungave kutaurirana kwechokwadi pakati pemutyairi wendege nemutongi," Sprey akaudza AlterNet, achireva maakaundi aSelmo. “Nguva chete mutyairi wendege paanotanga kukumbira kurova chipfuro kana akaona pfuti dzichirira. Kana zvisina kudaro hazvina musoro."
Zuva rakatevera chirongwa chekubhomba kweRussia neSyria kumabvazuva kweAleppo kwaiitwa vapanduki kwakatanga munaGunyana 22, Reuters yakatendeukira kuSelmo kuti iongororwe zvizere nezvekukanganisa kwebhomba paAleppo. Selmo zvakajeka Wapikisa, “Chiri kuitika iye zvino kuparadzwa.”
Kutevera chirevo ichi chinoshamisa, vezvenhau vekuMadokero vakaramba vachitaura Selmo sekunge aive asina kwaakarerekera. Musi waGunyana 26, Reuters vakadzokera kuWhite Helmet vachishanda pasi pake zvakare, kutaurisa fungidziro neasina kudomwa mazita "vashandi vedziviriro yevagari vemo" muAleppo - izvo zvinogona kungoreva nhengo dzeWhite Helmets - kuti vanhu ve400 vaive vatouraiwa mumazuva asingasviki mashanu ekubhomba mukati nekutenderedza Aleppo. Asi mushure memavhiki matatu akazara ekubhomba United Nations nemamwe masangano Inofungidzirwa kuti vanhu ve360 vakaurayiwa mukubhomba, zvichiratidza kuti iyo White Helmet nhamba yaive yakakwira kakawanda kupfuura yaigona kunyorwa nevasiri vezvematongerwo enyika.
Zviri pachena kuti zvakaoma kuti vezvenhau vataure zviitiko zvakaita sekurwiswa kweSyria Red Crescent aid convoy uye bhomba muAleppo kubva kuIstanbul kana Beirut. Asi nzara yeruzivo kubva pasi haifanire kudarika chisungo chekuvhiya masosi. Selmo neWhite Helmet dzake dzinofanirwa kunge dzakacherechedzwa nezvavari: sosi yemubatanidzwa ine hurongwa hunoratidza simba iro sangano rinozvidavirira kwariri: varwi vemhirizhonga vakatonga kumabvazuva kweAleppo, Idlib, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweSyria.
Kutsamira kusingatsoropodzi pane zvinorehwa neWhite Helmet pasina kuedza kuferefeta kuvimbika kwavo ndemumwewo muenzaniso unotaurira wekutadza kwevatapi venhau nevezvenhau vane rekodhi refu yekuvhara kuvharwa kwekupokana kune rondedzero yeanopindira.
