NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, March 22, 2022
Ndichangobva kuziva uye kuverenga bhuku ra2020 naNed Dobos, Ethics, Chengetedzo, uye Hondo-Muchina: Mutengo Wechokwadi weMasoja. Inoita nyaya yakasimba kwazvo yekubviswa kwemauto, kunyangwe ichigumisa kuti zvingave kana kuti zvingave zvisina kudaro, kuti nyaya yacho inofanira kutorwa pane imwe nyaya-ne-nyaya.
Dobos inoisa parutivi mubvunzo wekuti chero hondo inogona kururamiswa here, ichipokana kuti "panogona kunge paine zviitiko apo mari nenjodzi dzinounzwa nemauto dzakakura kwazvo kuti kuvepo kwayo kuve kwakarurama, uye izvi kunyangwe isu tichifunga kuti hondo dziri madikanwa uye dzinowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvetsika.”
Saka iyi haisi nharo yekusimudza mauto uye kurwa, asi (zvichida) kurwisa kuchengetedza mauto akamira zvachose. Chokwadi nyaya yatagara tichiita pairi World BEYOND War ndeyokuti hapana hondo inogona kururamiswa, yakatorwa iri yoga, asi kana zvichibvira yaizofanira kuita zvakawanda zvakanaka pane kukuvadza kupfuura kukuvadza kukuru kunoitwa nekuchengetedza mauto uye kuitwa nehondo dzose dziri pachena dzisina kururama dzakafambiswa kana. yakagadzirwa nekuchengetedza mauto.
Iyo nyaya inoitwa naDobos inopindirana zvakanyanya neiyo iyo World BEYOND War yagara ichiita. Dobos inotarisa zvishoma nezvekuchinjana kwemari, inovhara kukuvadzwa kwehunhu kune vanotora basa zvakanaka kwazvo, inokurukura kuti mauto anowanzo kuisa mungozi pane kudzivirira, inoferefeta zvakadzika nekuora uye mauto etsika nenharaunda kusanganisira mapurisa uye kusanganisira makirasi enhoroondo, uye hongu. inobata chinetso chehondo dzose dzisina kururama dzisingarambiki dzinopinzwa navarwi vane kuvapo kwavo kune ngwavaira kunoruramiswa nedzidziso yokuti hondo yakarurama rimwe zuva ingangofungwa.
Nharo dzepakati ku World BEYOND War'Nyaya yakanyanya kushaikwa kubva kuDobos' inosanganisira kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kunoitwa nemauto, kuparara kwerusununguko rwevanhu, kururamiswa kwekuvanzika kwehurumende, kukurudzira rusarura, uye kugadzirwa kwenjodzi yenyukireya apocalypse.
Chimwe chinhu icho Dobos anotarisa, chandinofunga isu pachedu World BEYOND War vasina kutarisisa zvakakwana, ndiko kuti kuchengetedza mauto kunowedzera njodzi yekupidigura hurumende. Izvi zvaive zvechokwadi kukurudzira kuCosta Rica kumisa mauto ayo. Sekureva kweDobos iri zvakare kukurudzira kwakawanda kwekugovaniswa kwemauto kuita matavi mazhinji. (Ndinofungidzira kuti ndaifunga kuti zvakamuka kubva mutsika kana kuti pfungwa huru yekusashanda zvakanaka uye kusagona.) Dobos inopawo pfungwa dzezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana nei nyanzvi, asiri-anozvipira muchiuto angave ari njodzi huru yekubvisa hurumende. Ini ndinowedzera kuti mauto anofambisa akawanda coups kunze kwenyika anogona zvakare kugadzira njodzi huru yekupokana kumba. Hameno, tichifunga nezvenhaurirano iyi, kuti chinhu chega chinosimudzirwa nevazhinji veavo vaishora aimbove mutungamiri weAmerica VaTrump nekuda kwekuda kana kuti vachiri kuda kupidigura hurumende ihondo huru muUS Capitol, kwete zvishoma.
Kunyangwe apo nyaya yeDobos inopindirana muchimiro chakajairika nedzimwe nharo dzinozivikanwa, inoremerwa neruzivo rwakakodzera kufunga. Semuyenzaniso:
"Munguva pfupi iri kutevera ... nzira dzakajairwa dzekugadzirisa nekubvisa hunhu dzinogona kuwedzeredzwa nekupindira kwekemikari inodzivirira masoja kubva kutsika uye kushushikana mupfungwa kwekurwa hondo. Iyo beta-blocker Propranolol, semuenzaniso, yakaedzwa kuti ishandiswe mukurapa kwekurwisa-kukonzeresa matambudziko epfungwa senge post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Mushonga unoshanda nekuremadza manzwiro; pasi pesimba rayo munhu anoratidzirwa kuchiitiko chinokangaidza anorangarira udzame husina kujeka hwechiitiko ichocho, asi haasati anzwa kunzwa kupi nokupi mukupindura kwachiri. … Barry Romo, murongi wenyika weVietnam Veterans Against the War, akaritumidza kuti 'piritsi radhiabhorosi', 'piritsi rechikara', uye 'piritsi rinorwisa tsika'.
Pavanenge vachikurukura kuti kudzidziswa kwechiuto kunoitwa sei kune vanodzidzira, Dobos inosiya mukana wekuti kudzidziswa uye kugadzirisa mhirizhonga kunogona kuita kuti mhirizhonga iite mushure memauto, kusanganisira mhirizhonga kuvanhu vanoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha: "Kujekesa, hapana chimwe cheizvi chinoreva kuti avo vanopinzwa muchiuto vanoisa ngozi kunzanga yavagari vemo yavanopinda. Kunyange kana kurovedza kurwa kukavaita kuti vasaita zvechisimba, varwi vanodzidziswawo kuremekedza vane masimba, kutevedzera mitemo, kuzvidzora, zvichingodaro.” Asi chokwadi chekuti US mass shooters zvisina kuenzana veterans vari kunetsa.
Ned Dobos anodzidzisa kuAustralia [inonzi] Defence Force Academy. Anonyora zvakajeka uye nekungwarira, asiwo neruremekedzo rusina kufanira kune zvisina maturo zverudzi urwu:
"Muenzaniso wekupedzisira wehondo yekudzivirira wakanga uri mhirizhonga yakatungamirirwa neUnited States yeIraq mu 2003. Kunyange zvazvo pakanga pasina chikonzero chekutenda kuti Saddam Hussein akanga achigadzirira kurwisa kweUnited States kana vatsigiri vayo, tarisiro yaaigona kuita rimwe zuva, kana kuti aizopa maWMDs kumagandanga aizorwisa zvakadaro, akaita ‘nyaya inogombedzera’ ‘yechiito chokufungidzira kuti tizvidzivirire’ maererano naGeorge W. Bush.”
Kana zvakadaro:
"The Just War musimboti wekupedzisira sarudzo inotaura kuti mhinduro dzine rugare dzinofanira kupera simba risati ratorwa kuhondo, kana zvisina kudaro hondo haina kururama mukuda kwekusava nebasa. Dudziro mbiri dzechinodikanwa ichi dziripo. Iyo 'chronological' vhezheni inoti nzira dzese dzisiri dzechisimba dzinofanirwa kuyedzwa nekukundikana mauto asati ashandiswa zviri pamutemo. Tsanangudzo ye'systematic' hainyanyi kudiwa. Zvinongoda kuti zvose zvingasarudzwa zvitariswe zvakakomba. Kana mutongo ukasvikwa, nekutenda kwakanaka, kuti hapana imwe nzira yakadaro ingangoshanda, saka kuenda kuhondo kunogona kuve 'nzira yekupedzisira' kunyangwe chiri chinhu chekutanga chatinoedza."
Hapana kwaanoti Dobos - kana sekuziva kwangu chero ani zvake - anotsanangura kuti zvingaite sei kupera zviito zvisiri zvehondo. Dobos anotora mhedziso yake pasina kufunga nezve dzimwe nzira dzehondo, asi anowedzera epilogue kubhuku achitarisa muchidimbu pfungwa yekuzvidzivirira kwevanhu vasina kuzvidzivirira. Haasanganisire chero kuona kwakafara zvezvingareva kutsigira hutongi hwemutemo, kukurudzira kushandira pamwe, kupa rubatsiro chairwo panzvimbo yezvombo, nezvimwe.
Ndinovimba kuti bhuku iri riri kusvika nenhamba huru chete vateereri vakavhurika kwariri - pamwe kuburikidza nemakirasi, sezvo ini ndinokahadzika kuti vanhu vazhinji vari kuritenga nemadhora makumi matanhatu nemana, mutengo wakachipa wandinogona kuwana online.
Pasinei nebhuku iri rakamira kubva kune mamwe mune inotevera runyorwa mukusanyatsoita nharo dzekubviswa kwehondo, ndiri kuwedzera kune iyo rondedzero, nekuti inoita nyaya yekubvisa, ingave ichida kana kwete.
CHINHU CHOKWADI CHINHU CHIKAMU CHIKAMU:
Ethics, Chengetedzo, uye Iyo Hondo-Muchina: Iyo Yechokwadi Mutengo Wemauto naNed Dobos, 2020.
Kunzwisisa iyo Hondo indasitiri naChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Kwete Hondo naDan Kovalik, 2020.
Kudzivirirwa Kwemagariro naJørgen Johansen naBrian Martin, 2019.
Muurayi Akabatanidzwa: Bhuku Repiri: America's Favorite Pastime naMumia Abu Jamal naStefano Vittoria, 2018.
Vadzidzisi veKunyararo: Vakapukunyuka Hiroshima neNagasaki Vanotaura naMelinda Clarke, 2018.
Kudzivirira Hondo nekusimudzira Rugare: Mutungamiri weVashandi veUtano rakagadziridzwa naWilliam Wiist naShelley White, 2017.
Bhizinesi reBusiness For Peace: Kuvaka Nyika Isina Hondo neScilla Elworthy, 2017.
Hondo Haisati Yakwana naDavid Swanson, 2016.
A Global Security System: An Alternative to War by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Imwe Nyaya Inopesana Nehondo: IAmerica Yakashaiwe muClass History yeAmerica uye Zvatiri (Zvose) Zvingaita Zvino naKathy Beckwith, 2015.
Hondo: Chimhosva Kuvanhu naRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Kereke yeKaturike uye Kubviswa kweHondo naDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Hondo uye Kuparara: Kuongorora Kunokosha naLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Kutanga Kwehondo, Kupera Kwehondo naJudith Hand, 2013.
Hondo Hakuchinazve: Nyaya Yokubvisa naDavid Swanson, 2013.
Kuguma kweHondo naJohn Horgan, 2012.
Kuchinja kune Rugare naRussell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Kubva pahondo kusvikira kune rugare: mutungamiri kusvika kumakore mazana mana apfuura neKent Shifferd, 2011.
Hondo Ndicho Nhema naDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Kunze kweHondo: Munhu Anokwanisa Kuita Rugare naDouglas Fry, 2009.
Kurarama Kupfuura Hondo naWinslow Myers, 2009.
Yakakwana Ropa rakateurwa: Gadziriso zana Dzesimba, Kutyisidzira uye Hondo naMary-Wynne Ashford naGuy Dauncey, 2006.
Planet Pasi: Chidimbu Chapfuura Chehondo naRosalie Bertell, 2001.
Vakomana Vachave Vakomana: Kutyora Mubatanidzwa Pakati peMasculinity uye Mhirizhonga naMyriam Miedzian, 1991.
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