NaDavid Swanson
Chidzidzo chehunyanzvi chakawana kuti veruzhinji veUS vanotenda kuti chero hurumende yeUS painofunga nezvehondo, inenge yatopedza zvimwe zvese mukana. Pakabvunzwa boka rekuenzanisira kana vaitsigira imwe hondo, uye boka rechipiri rakabvunzwa kana vaitsigira hondo iyoyo mushure mekuudzwa kuti dzimwe nzira dzese hadzina kunaka, uye boka rechitatu rakabvunzwa kana vaitsigira hondo iyoyo kunyangwe paivepo dzimwe nzira dzakanaka, mapoka maviri ekutanga akanyoresa chiyero chakafanana chekutsigira, nepo rutsigiro rwehondo rwakadonha zvakanyanya muboka rechitatu. Izvi zvakaita kuti vaongorori vafunge kuti kana dzimwe nzira dzikasataurwa, vanhu havafungi kuti zviriko - asi, vanhu vanofunga kuti vatoyedzwa.
Humbowo huripo, hwechokwadi, hwakazara hwekuti hurumende yeUS, pakati pevamwe, inowanzo shandisa hondo seyekutanga, yechipiri, kana yechitatu nzvimbo, kwete yekupedzisira nzira. Congress iri mubishi kuparadza kudyidzana neIran, ukuwo James Sterling ari kutongwa muAlexandria nekufumura chirongwa cheCIA chekutanga chinofungidzirwa chikonzero chehondo neIran. Ipapo-Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri Dick Cheney akambofungisisa nezve sarudzo yekuti mauto eUS apfure kumauto eU.S. vakapfeka sevaIranani. Nguva pfupi pamberi pemusangano wenhau weWhite House panguva iyo-Mutungamiri-weGeorge W. Bush naiye-Mutungamiriri wenyika Tony Blair vaiti ivo vaiedza kudzivirira hondo muIraq, Bush akange aronga kuna Blair kuti vapende ndege nemavara eUN uye vabhururuke pasi vachiedza kuti vapfurwe. Hussein aida kuenda ne $ 1 bhiriyoni. VaTaliban vaida kuisa bin Laden mukutongwa munyika yechitatu. Gadaffi haana kutyisidzira kuuraya, asi Libya yakaona imwe ikozvino. Nyaya dzekurwiswa kwemakemikari neSyria, nechisimba neRussia kupinda muUkraine, zvichingodaro, izvo zvinopera kana hondo ikakundikana kutanga - idzi hadzisi idzo nhambwe dzekudzivirira hondo, yekumisa hondo sechisarudzo chekupedzisira. Izvi ndizvo zvakayambirwa naEisenhower kuti zvichaitika, uye izvo zvaakange atoona zvichiitika, kana zvido zvemari zvakakura zvichisunganidzwa kudiwa kwehondo zhinji.
Asi edza kuudza vanhu veUnited States. The Nyaya Yokugadzirisa Kurwisana achangobva kuburitsa chinyorwa chakanzi "MaNorms, Dzidzo Dzekutonga, uye Social Psychology yeHondo Kutsigira," naAaron M. Hoffman, Christopher R. Agnew, Laura E. VanderDrift, naRobert Kulzick. Vanyori vanokurukura zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana mukutsigira neruzhinji kana kupokana nehondo, kusanganisira nzvimbo yakakurumbira inobatwa nemubvunzo we "budiriro" - izvozvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvine basa kupfuura kuwanda kwemuviri (zvichireva kuti muviri weU.S. kuuya mukufunga mune chero kudzidza kwandakanzwa nezvako). "Kubudirira" chinhu chinoshamisa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwedudziro yakaoma uye nekuti chero dudziro mauto eUnited States haana kubudirira kana angofamba kupfuura kuparadza zvinhu kuyedza kutora basa, kutonga, uye kushandiswa kwenguva refu - er , ndiregerere, kusimudzira kweruzhinji.
Tsvagiridzo yevanyori inoona kuti kunyangwe kana "kubudirira" kuchingofungidzirwa, kunyangwe vanhu vane misoro-mikuru vakabata dzidziso iyi vanowanzo sarudza sarudzo dzemumiriri (kunze kwekunge vari nhengo dzeUnited States Congress). Chinyorwa chemagazini chinopa mimwe mienzaniso yechangobva kutsva kutsva kwekutsvaga kutsva kutsigira pfungwa yayo: "Muna 2002-2003, semuenzaniso, 60 muzana yevaAmerican vaitenda kuti kukunda kwemauto eUS muIraq kungangodaro (CNN / Nguva yekuvhota, Mbudzi 13-14 , 2002). Zvakangodaro, 63 muzana yeruzhinji vakati vanofarira mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika pane kunetsa pane yeuto (CBS News ongororo, Ndira 4-6, 2003). ”
Asi kana pasina munhu akataura dzimwe nzira dzisiri dzechisimba, vanhu havasi kufarira mavari kana kuzvidzora kana kuvapikisa. Kwete, muhuwandu hukuru vanhu vanotenda kuti mhinduro dzese dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakatoyedzwa. Chokwadi chakazonaka! Ehezve, hazvisi izvo zvinotyisa zvakapihwa kuti vatsigiri vehondo vanowanzo taura kuti vari kutsvaga hondo senzira yekupedzisira uye kurwira hondo vasingade muzita rerunyararo. Asi iko kupenga kwekutenda kubata kana iwe uchigara mune chaiko pasirese iro iro Dhipatimendi reHurumende rave mwana mudiki asina kubhadharwa mudzidzi kuna Pentagon tenzi. Dhipatimendi nedzimwe nyika, senge Iran, chave chakarambidzwa panguva dzenguva iyo veruzhinji veUS kunge vaifunga kuti yainyatsoteedzerwa. Uye chii icho chiri pasi chingareva kune ZVESE zvisiri zvechisimba mhinduro kuti zvayedzwa? Ko mumwe angave asingafunge nezve mumwe nguva dzose here? Kana kuyedza imwechete zvakare? Kunze kwekunge dambudziko rinouya senge fungidziro yekufungidzira kuBanghazi inogona kumisikidza nguva yekupedzisira, iro benzi rinomhanyira kuhondo harina kugadziriswa nechinhu chero chine musoro zvachose.
Basa iro vanotsvakurudza vanotaura kuti kutenda kwekuti kutaurirana kwave kwakatorwa kunogonawo kutambidzwa nekutenda kuti kudyidzana hakugoneki nemafungiro asinganzwisisiki evanhu se ________ (zadza hurumende kana vagari venyika yakatarwa kana dunhu). Kusiyana kwakaitwa nokuzivisa mumwe munhu kuti zvimwe zvipi zvingave zviripo zvino zvinosanganisira mairi kushandurwa kwezvikara kuva vanhu vanogona kutaura.
Shanduko imwecheteyo inogona kutambiswa nechakazaruro icho, semuenzaniso, vanhu vanopomerwa kuvaka zvombo zvenyukireya havasi kunyatso kuita saizvozvo. Vanyori vanocherekedza: Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwesimba kusati kwambotsigirwa neruzhinji rwevanhu veAmerica panguva yehutungamiriri hwaGeorge W. Bush (2003 - 2012), zvinoonekwa kuti kudonha kwakakosha mukutsigira kurwa neIran kunoitika muna 2001. Panguva iyoyo, Bush manejimendi akaonekwa seakazvipira kuhondo neIran uye achitsvaga danho rezvematongerwo enyika hafu-yemoyo. Chinyorwa chaSeymour M. Hersh muna The New Yorker (2006) ichizivisa kuti hutungamiri hwaive huri kuronga kushandiswa kwebhomba yepamhenderekedzo yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira nuclear nenyuchi muIriah yakabatsira kutsigira pfungwa iyi. Asi, kusunungurwa kweCNNX National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), iyo yakagumisa kuti Iran yakagadzirisa hurongwa hwezvombo zvenyukireya mu2007 nekuda kwemhirizhonga yepasi pose, inopesana nharo yehondo. Sezvo mubatsiri kune Vachigaro weMutungamiri Dick Cheney akaudza The Wall Street Journal, vanyori veNIE 'vaiziva kubvisa rugi pasi pedu'. ”
Asi chidzidzo chakadzidzwa hachiite senge ndechekuti hurumende inoda hondo uye inonyepa kuitora. "Kunyangwe rutsigiro rweveruzhinji rwemauto anorwisa Iran rwakadzikira panguva yehutongi hwaBush, rwakawanzo wedzera panguva yekutanga kweMutungamiri Barack Obama (2009-2012). Obama akauya kuhofisi aine tarisiro kupfuura iye akamutangira pamusoro pekugona kwediplomacy kuti Iran irege kutsvaga kwayo zvombo zvenyukireya. [Munocherekedza kuti kunyangwe nyanzvi idzi dzinongofungidzira kuti kuita kwakadaro kuri kuitika, zvisinei nekuiswa kweNIE iri pamusoro muchinyorwa.] VaObama, semuenzaniso, vakavhura musuwo wekutungamira nhaurirano neIran pamusoro pechirongwa chenyukireya 'pasina zviga,' chinzvimbo George Bush akaramba. Zvakangodaro, kusagona kwekudyidzana panguva yekutanga kwaObama kunoratidzika kunge kunosanganisirwa nekugashira zvishoma nezvishoma kuti chiuto chingave chiri chekupedzisira sarudzo inokwanisa kuita kuti Iran ichinje nzira. Kufananidza aimbove director weCIA Michael Hayden, chiuto kurwisa Iran ndiyo nzira inowedzera inokwezva nekuti 'kunyangwe zviitwe neU.S., Tehran inoramba ichisundira mberi nehurongwa hwayo hwekufungidzira hwenyukireya' (nyika, Chikunguru 25, 2010). ”
Iye zvino munhu anoramba sei achisundira mberi nechimwe chinhu icho hurumende yekune dzimwe nyika inopfuurira mukufungidzira zvisizvo kana kunyepedzera izvo zvaari kuita? Izvo hazvina kumbobvira zvajekeswa. Iyo poindi ndeyekuti kana iwe ukazivisa, Bushlike, kuti iwe hauna kana basa rekudyidzana, vanhu vachapokana neako danho rehondo. Kana, kune rimwe divi, iwe ukati, Obamalike, uri kutsvaga kudyidzana, asi iwe uchiramba, zvakare Obamalike, mukusimudzira manyepo nezve izvo nyika yakanangwa iri kuita, ipapo vanhu vanozonzwa kunge vanogona kutsigira kuuraya vanhu vazhinji ne hana yakachena.
Chidzidzo chevadzivisi vehondo chinoratidzika seichi: taurai dzimwe nzira. Zita iro 86 mazano akanaka ane zvaunofanira kuita nezve ISIS. Chimbidzika pane izvo zvinofanira kuitika. Uye vamwe vanhu, kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzogamuchira zvehondo, havazoregereri kugamuchirwa kwavo.
* Ndinovonga Patrick Hiller nokundizivisa pamusoro peiyi nyaya.
