NaAmee Chew, Chivabvu 20, 2020
From Jacobin
Musi waApril 30, Dhipatimendi reUnited States rakazivisa zviviri zvakamirira maoko rokutengesa kuPhilippines inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora. Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Bell Textron, uye General Electric ndiwo makuru ekugadzira zvombo akapihwa chibvumirano kubva kune icho chibvumirano.
Kutevera chiziviso, hwindo remazuva makumi matatu reCongress kuti riongorore pamwe nekushora izwi kutengesa kwatanga. Izvo zvakakosha kuti timise izvi kuputsika yekubatsira kwemauto kumutungamiriri wePhilippine Rodrigo Duterte.
Duterte rekodhi kodzero dzevanhu inoitika. Kana kutengeswa kwemaoko kuchidarika, kuchawedzera kukanganisa kuri kuita pamusoro pevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu uye pakubvumirana - uku kuchiramba kuchiwedzera kuteurwa kweropa. Duterte ane mukurumbira wekutanga "Hondo pamusoro peZvinodhaka" izvo kubvira 2016 zvakatora hupenyu hwevazhinji zviuru makumi maviri nezvinomwe, kazhinji vanhu vane mari yepasi, vanopfupiswa vanopondwa nemapurisa uye vakasvinura.
Mumakore matatu ekutanga eDuterte muhofisi, zvishoma mazana matatu vatori venhau, magweta anorwira kodzero dzevanhu, vanoona nezvezvakatipoteredza, vatungamiriri vevarombo, vezvinabhizinesi, uye nevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu vakaurayiwa. Philippines yakaverengerwa nyika yakafa zvakanyanya kune vezvemamiriro ekunze munyika mushure meBrazil. zhinji dzeizvi kuuraya dzakabatanidzwa uto Vashandi. Iye zvino, Duterte ari kushandisa COVID-19 sechipangamiro chekuenderera mberi chiuto uye kudzvinyirira, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yakaipa kune hutano hweveruzhinji.
Pasi rese, uye kunyanya kuUnited States, iyo COVID-19 denda yakaunza pamberi kuti kuwedzera kwechiuto kunoreva sei kuwedzera huwandu hwehutano hwevanhu. Hurumende yeUS ichiri kutamisa zvisizvo zviwanikwa kuenda kuhondo kunobatsira uye kuhondo, pane kuita zvehutano uye zvinodiwa nevanhu. Iyo Pentagon yakanyurwa bhajeti yemataniresheni haana kuita chinhu kutidzivirira kubva kunjodzi yehutano hweveruzhinji uye yakundikana kuumba chengetedzo yechokwadi. Kungogadziriswazve kwakakwana kwezvekutungamira kwemubatanidzwa kure nemisita, pano nekune dzimwe nyika, uye mukusimbisa masimba ekutarisira anogona kuita izvozvo.
Duterte's Militarized Mhinduro kuCCID-19
Denda reCOVID-19 rashanda sechifungidziro chekuti Duterte isheedzere nzvimbo yemauto, kusungwa kwevanhu vazhinji, uye mutemo weuto rePhilippines. Kubva pakupera kwaApril, pamusoro pe120,000 vanhu vanonongedzerwa kutyorwa kwekwavo, uye pamusoro pe30,000 kusungwa - kunyangwe kuwanda kwakanyanya muPhilippine majeri, atove kuwedzera nehondo yezvinodhaka. "Gara kumba" mirairo inosimbiswa nemapurisa, kunyangwe mumaguta akawanda ari varombo emaguta, vanhu vanogara maoko.
Pasina mari yezuva nezuva, mamirioni anoshuvira chikafu. Pakupera kwaApril, dzimba zhinji dzevarombo dzaive haisati yatambirwa chero rubatsiro rwehurumende. A churu vagari muPasay vakamanikidzwa mukushayiwa pekugara kana nzvimbo yavo isina kurongwa yaive akaparadza muzita rekutsakatika pakutanga kwekuvharika, kunyangwe vasina pekugara vanosungwa nekukandwa mutirongo.
Duterte akaisa iyo uto achitarisira mhinduro yeCOVID-19. Musi waApril 1, akaraira mauto kuti "pfura ufe”Gara wega vanotyora. Kushaiwa kwadzo kodzero dzevanhu kwakakurumidza kukanda. Mangwana acho, murimi, Junie Dungog Piñar, akapfurwa uye akaurayiwa nemapurisa nekutyora COVID-19 kuvharika muAugusan del Norte, Mindanao.
Mapurisa anayo rakakiyiwa vanovharirwa vanotyora imbwa mumatanga, yakashandiswa kushungurudzwa uye kunyadziswa kwepabonde sechirango pamusoro pe LGBT vanhu, uye kurohwa nekusungwa varombo mumaguta kuratidzira chikafu. Kurohwa uye kuuraya kumanikidza "yakawedzerwa nharaunda kugara" inoenderera. Kumwe kushungurudza kwehurumende kunetsa, senge the mudzidzisi uyo akasungwa achingotumira matsotsi “ekutsamwisa” munhau dzezvematongerwo enyika akashora kushomeka kwehurumende rubatsiro, kana mugadziri wemufambi akasungwa usiku huviri pasina warandi yekutumira sarcastic paCOVID-19.
Mutual Aid, Solidarity, uye Resistance
Mukutarisana nenzara yakapararira, kusavapo kwehutano hwakanaka, uye kudzvinyirira kunotyisa, masangano ezvekudyira nzizi akagadzira nzira dzekubatsirana nekuyamura kupa chikafu, masiki, uye zvekushandisa pakurapa kune varombo. Kurapa Covid, mubatanidzwa wevazvipiri pamasangano emamirioni mazhinji mudunhu reMetro Manila, akaronga mapaketi ekubatsira uye makicheni emunharaunda kuzviuru, apo vari kuita nharaunda kuronga kusimbisa kubatsirana. Vafambisi vekufambisa musangano vari kudaidzira kuongororwa kwevanhu, mabasa ekutanga, uye kupera kwemauto COVID-19.
Kadamay isangano rakakura-rakakura mazana maviri ezviuru emadhorobha varombo mhiri kwePhilippines iyo yaive pamberi yekuramba Duterte's drug drug uye kudzoreredza dzimba dzisina vanhu. Muna 2017, Kadamay akatungamira zviuru gumi nezviviri vanhu vasina pekugara pakugara zviuru zvitanhatu dzimba dzisina vanhu dzaive dzakatemerwa parutivi mapurisa nevemauto kuPandi, Bulacan. Kunyangwe kudzvinyirira uye kutyisidzira, #OccupyBulacan zvichiri kuitika nanhasi.
NeCOVID-19, Kadamay yakatungamira kuedza kwekubatsirana uye #ProtestFromHome pot-banging zviitiko, iine mavhidhiyo yakaparadzirwa munhau dzezvemagariro, kuda rubatsiro uye hutano masevhisi, kwete chiuto. Mukutsiva kwekutsiva kupokana mushure meimwe mbanje, mutauriri wenyika yeKadamay, Ini Doringo, akatyisidzirwa nekusungwa. MuBulacan, mutungamiri wenharaunda akaendeswa kumisasa yemauto ndokuudzwa kuti kumisa basa rese rezvematongerwo enyika uye "vazvipira" kuhurumende kana aisazowana rubatsiro.
Kuedza pakubatsira kuri kuitirwa mhosva uye kuitirwa kudzokororwa. Kubva pakupera kwaApril, mapurisa akabata vanhu vazhinji-zhinji vevasungwa, kunze kwevatengesi vemumigwagwa nevanotsvaga chikafu. Musi waApril 19, vanomwe vanobatsira vanozvipira vanobva kuSagip Kanayunan vakasungwa vachiri munzira kugovera chikafu muBulacan uye vakazopomedzerwa mhosva yekumukira. Musi waApril 24, vagari vemumaguta makumi mashanu varombo muQuezon City kusanganisira anobatsira akazvipira akavharirwa kusatakura mapasuru kana kupfeka masiki kumeso. Musi waMay 1, gumi vanozvipira kuitisa zororo nesangano revakadzi GABRIELA vakasungwa vachiri kuitisa nharaunda kudyisa munharaunda yeMarikina City. Kunongedza uku hakuna tsaona.
Kubva muna 2018, gwaro rekumusoro raDuterte rakapa mvumo yekutora nzira akarongeka yemasangano ehurumende, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kudzvinyirira vanopesana nevarongi venharaunda uye vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu kazhinji.
Kuputsa kunopesana nerubatsiro uye kupukunyuka kwakaita kuti nhandare dzenhau dzenhau ku "kurega kupara mhosva nekuchengetedza nharaunda. " Sevha San Roque, network inotsigira kuramba kwevagari vetaundi varombo kurwisa kuputswa, yatanga a chikumbiro kukurumidza kusunungura vazvipiri vanobatsira uye vese vakaderera-vanochengetwa vanochengetedzeka. munhu kodzero masangano zvakare kukumbira kusunungurwa kwevasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika, vazhinji vavo varimi vanowana mari shoma, vashandi vemabhizimusi, uye vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu vakatarisana nemhosva dzakakwenenzverwa, kusanganisira vakuru nevanovarwara.
Semhedzisiro yakanangana nemhinduro yehurumende yakananga kuhondo, pane kuve nehutano hwakakwana, chikafu, uye masevhisi, Philippines iri pakati pehuwandu hwepamusoro hwehuwandu Vabatwa necovid-19 muSoutheast Asia, uye denda iri kukurumidza kuwedzera.
Colonies Roots
Musangano wanhasi weUS-Phillippine wemauto ane midzi yawo mukoloni yekuUS uye kugara kwePhilippines makore anopfuura zana apfuura. Kunyangwe yakapa rusununguko rwePhilippines muna 1946, United States yakashandisa zvibvumirano zvisina kufanira kutengeserana uye kuvapo kwemauto kuchengetedza hukama hwePhilippines kubva ipapo. Kwemakumi emakore, kukumbira vatongi ve oligarchic uye kudzivirira kugadzirisa kwenyika kwakavimbisa kuti United States inodhura pakutengesa kunze. Mauto eU.S. akabatsira kuverenga matanho ekupandukira nguva dzose. Kubatsira vemauto eUS vachiri kuenderera mberi nekubatsira kutorwa kwezvinhu zvakasarudzika kwePhilippine zviwanikwa, dzimba dzezvivakwa, uye kudzokororwa kwevarwi vezvizvarwa zvevarombo uye kurwira kodzero dzepasi - kunyanya kuMindanao, hotbed yemakominisi, yemadzinza, neMuslim yakaparadzaniswa nedemo. mashandiro.
Mauto ePhilippine akatarisa kune vekumba, vanoregedza mhirizhonga kune vanhu varombo nevanotambudzwa mukati memiganhu yenyika. Mauto ePhilippine nemauto nemapurisa zvakabatana. Muchokwadi, kare nhoroondo mapurisa ePhilippine akagadzira kubva kunze kwemakambani ekugadzirisa panguva yehutongi hweUS.
Mauto eU.S. pachawo anochengetedza huvepo hwehondo muPhilippines kuburikidza neOperation Pacific Eagle uye kumwe kurovedza. Muzita re "kurwisa zvisizvo," rubatsiro rwemauto eUS ruri kubatsira Duterte kurwa paivhu rePhilippine nekudzora kupokana kwevanhu.
Kubva 2017, Duterte akaisa mutemo wekurwa paMindanao, kwaakadzokorora akadonhedza mabhomba. Kurwiswa kwemauto kwaenda pamusoro 450,000 civilians. Kutakurwa kunze neUS kutsigirwa uye kunyange zviitiko zvinobatanidzwa, Mauto eDuterte mauto ari kuumbiridza kambani kubata-nyika yenyika dzenenwa uye kuuraya of varimi kuronga kodzero yavo yepasi. Paramilitaries inotsigirwa nemauto ane masimba ari kutyisidzira nharaunda dzenharaunda, achinongedza zvikoro uye vadzidzisi.
MunaFebruary, pamberi pechibvumirano chemauto chakaziviswa, Duterte nenzira yekutanga akanunura Philippines - United States Yekushanya Masimba Chibvumirano (VFA), iyo inobvumira mauto eU.S. kuiswa muPhilippines kuitira "kurovedza muviri." Pamusoro, izvi zvaipindura United States kuramba vhiza kune aimbova mukuru wemauto emapurisa, Ronald "Bato" Dela Rosa. Nekudaro, kudzorerwa kwaDuterte kweVFA hakusi kushanda nekukurumidza, uye kunongotanga mwedzi mitanhatu yekudzokorora. Iyo yakatsanangurwa kutengesa mawoko zvikwangwani izvo Trump inofunga kusimbisa rake rehondo kutsigira Duterte. Pentagon inotsvaga kuchengetedza "kubatana" kwemauto.
Endesa US Military Aid
Sangano rinokura repasi rese, mukubatana pamwe nevekune dzimwe nyika pamwe nevePhilippines nharaunda, iri kudaidzira kuti rubatsiro rwemauto ripere kuPhilippines. Kubatsira kwakananga kwemauto kuutongi hwaDuterte kwakazara kudarika $ 193.5 mamiriyoni muna 2018, kusinga verengeri mari yakagovaniswa uye zvombo zvakapihwa zvisina kukosha. Rubatsiro rwemauto rwune zvakare nezvikwereti zvekutenga zvombo, kazhinji kubva kuAmerica makondirakiti. Saizvozvi, hurumende yeUS inoronga kuyerera kwekutengeswa kwepachivande kwemaoko kunze kwenyika - sekutengesa kwazvino. Zvinotengeswa zvinotengeswa nehurumende yeUS zvinowanzova rubatsiro rweveruzhinji kune vezvinabhizinesi vega, vachishandisa US dollars dollars dollars kupedzisa kutenga. Congress inofanirwa kushandisa simba rayo kudzikisa kutengesa kusati kwasvika.
Iyo yazvino yakakurudzira madhora zviuru zviviri maoko sero inosanganisira gumi nemaviri ekurwisa maherikoputa, mazana emahombekombe nema warheads, nhungamiro nekuona masisitimu, pfuti dzemuchina, uye zvinopfuura zviuru makumi masere zvemakiromita. Dhipatimendi reHurumende rinoti izvi, zvakare, rinoshandiswa "kutyisidzira" - kudzvinyirira mukati mePhilippines.
Nekuda kwekushaiwa pachena uye maDuterte nemaune miedzo kuvanza rubatsiro rwekuyerera, rubatsiro rwemauto eUS angangopedzisira apa kupa mauto emauto eDuterte kurwa zvinodhaka, kusvinura, kana kuenda paramilitaries, pasina kuferefetwa neruzhinji.
Duterte ari kushandisa denda iri senge chirevo chekuenderera mberi nekupwanya kupokana nezvematongerwo enyika. Iye zvino afunga akakosha masimba ekukurumidzira. Kunyangwe zvisati zvaitika denda, muna Gumiguru 2019, mapurisa nevemauto akavhiringidza mahofisi eGABRIELA, bato rinopikisa Bayan Muna, uye National Federation of Sugar Workers, vachisunga vanhu vanopfuura makumi mashanu nevanomwe muBacolod City neMetro Manila mune kutsvaira kumwe.
Kudzvinyirira kuri kukurumidza kuwedzera. Musi waApril 30, mushure memavhiki kwekutyisidzirwa kwemapurisa kuitisa zvirongwa zvekupa vanhu chikafu, Jory Porquia, akatanga nhengo yeBayan Muna, akaurayiwa mukati memba yake muLiyoilo. Vapfuuri vanopfuura makumi manomwe nenhanhatu nevanoyamura vakasungwa zvisiri pamutemo May Day, kusanganisira vana vanozvipira chirongwa chekupa vechidiki muQuezon City, vagari vana vakatumira mapikicha epamhepo nezve "kuratidzira kubva kumba" muValenzuela, piri makomisheni akabata ma placards muRizal, uye makumi mana nevaviri vanhu vachiita tarisiro yevakaurayiwa kodzero dzekudzivirira Porquia muLiilo. Vashandi gumi nevatanhatu mu Coca-Cola fekita muLaguna vakatapwa uye vakamanikidzwa nemauto kuti “Kupira” pasi uchiita sevapanduki vane zvombo.
Muchina wehondo weU.S. anobatsira makambani avo akazvimirira pasina chatinoshandisa. Pamberi peCOVID-19 denda, Boeing aivimba nePentagon ye chechitatu yemari yacho. MunaEpril, Boeing akagamuchira chikwereti che $ Miriyoni 882 kutangazve chibvumirano cheMhepo Yakamisikidzwa - yekuwedzera ndege iyo, iko, ine urema. Asi vanogadzira zvombo zvinogadzira mari uye vamwe vanoita zvehondo havafanirwe kuwana nzvimbo inotungamira gwara rekunze.
Congress ine simba rekumisa izvi asi inofanirwa kuita nekukurumidza. Rep. Ilhan Omar ane yakatangwa bhiri rekumisa kubata vakabata kodzero dzevanhu vakadai saDuterte. Mwedzi uno, iyo Kubatana Kwenyika Dzese Kwekodzero Dzevanhu muPhilippines, Vashandi vezvekufambidzana veAmerica, uye vamwe vanozotanga bhiri zvakananga kupedza rubatsiro rwemauto kuPhilippines. Panguva ino, isu tinofanirwa kukurudzira Congress kuti imise kutengeswa kwemaoko kuPhilippines, sey ichi chikumbiro zvinodiwa.
Iyo COVID-19 denda iri kuratidza kudiwa kwemubatanidzwa wepasi rose kurwisa mauto uye kushaya simba. Mukutora kurwisa kurwisa kwetsoka dzeUS imperiya, pano nekune dzimwe nyika, mafambiro edu achaita kuti mumwe nemumwe ave nesimba.
Amee Chew ane doctorate mune zveAmerica zvidzidzo uye dzinza uye ari Mellon-ACLS Ruzhinji Fellow.
