NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, July 24, 2020
Ndinozendamira zvakanyanya pakufambisa zvivakwa zvinotsamwisa kunze kwenzvimbo dzinowanikwa pakati nekupa mamiriro uye tsananguro munzvimbo dzisina mukurumbira, pamwe nekufarira kugadzirwa kwemifananidzo yakawanda isinganyangadzi yeruzhinji. Asi kana iwe uchizobvarura chero chinhu pasi (kana kuputika chero chinhu munzvimbo yekunze), haifanire iyo kufashukira kwaWernher von Braun muHuntsville, Alabama, inofungidzirwa kuverengerwa pane irwo runyorwa?
Kubva pane runyorwa rurefu rwehondo huru pane vashoma chete iyo United States inoti yakambokunda. Imwe yeiyo iAmerican Hondo yeVanhu, kubva ipapo zviyeuchidzo kune vakundwa zvakazomuka semushowa une chepfu. Iye zvino vava kudzika. Imwe, kunyangwe yakakundwa zvakanyanya neSoviet Union, yaive Hondo Yenyika II. Vamwe vevakakundwa neuyo vane zvakare zvivakwa muUnited States.
Iwo maConfederate mamaki akaisirwa nekuda kwechisarura. Mhemberero dzevaNazi muHuntsville dzinokudza, kwete rusaruraganda, asi kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvepamusorosoro zvehondo, izvo zvinongogumbura kana ukacherekedza ndiani anoputirwa bhomba kana iwe ukaramba kuuraya chero munhu.
Asi isu hatisi kubata pano nemaonero kuchokwadi, kuyananisa, uye kugadzirisa. Kuputika kwaVon Braun - kana nekuda kwechinhu icho chidhindo chekutumira cheUS - hazvirevi kuti zviti: “Hongu, murume uyu akashandisa nhapwa kuvaka zvombo zvevaNazi. Iye nevamwe vake vanokwana muchena Huntsville muna 1950, kubva panguva iyoyo vakagadzira zvombo zvinotyisa zvekuuraya vanhu chete avo vaida kuuraya, pamwe nemaroketi aienda kumwedzi zvichiratidza kuti maSoviet anonhuwa kunge doodoo - na - na - na - NA - na! ”
Pane kudaro, kutumidza zvinhu zvakakomberedza Huntsville kuna Von Braun inzira yekuti "Unofanira kuramba uine kusaziva kwakasimba pamusoro pezvakaitwa nemurume uyu nevamwe vake kuGerman, uye svinura zvakanyanya kana uchiona zvavakapa munzvimbo dzakadai seVietnam. Vanhu ava vakauya nemadhora emubatanidzwa uye maokisheni enziyo netsika dzakaomesesa kumvura yedu yekumashure, uye vakanzwisisa nzira dzedu dzerusaruro semaNazi chete. Rangarira, isu ndichiri nehuranda uye zvakanyanya muAlabama kusvikira Hondo Yenyika II. ”
Tarisa pane ino skrini ye Website yeiyo rocket miziyamu muHuntsville:
Nei ino miziyamu ine biergarten? Hapana munhu angafungidzira kuti kwaive kupemberera maNazi. Tsananguro ipi neipi inoshandisa chete izwi rekuti "maGerman." Tarisa uone kuti webhusaiti yeAlabama inonyora sei nezveiyo huru Von Braun's imba yekare uye zviyeuchidzo. Tarisa kuti iyo Chattanooga Times Yemahara Press anonyora nezverwendo rwevashanyi kunzvimbo dzese dzeHuntsville dzakatsveneswa naVon Braun. Usambofa wakatsoropodza kana kusajeka kubvunza izwi chero kupi Hapana hurukuro yemikana yechipiri - asi, yakamanikidza amnesia.
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, mauto eUS akabhadhara mazana gumi nematanhatu vaimbove masayendisiti echiNazi navanachiremba, kusanganisira vamwe vevashandi vepedyo vaAdolf Hitler, kusanganisira varume vane mhosva yekuuraya, hutapwa, uye kuyedza kwevanhu, kusanganisira varume vakasungirwa mhosva dzehondo, varume vakasunungurwa pamhosva dzehondo, uye varume vasina kumbomira mukutongwa. Vamwe vevaNazi vakaedzwa kuNuremberg vanga vatove vachishandira iyo US chero kuGerman kana iyo US pamberi pekutongwa. Vamwe vakachengetedzwa kubva munguva yavo yapfuura nehurumende yeUS kwemakore, sezvo vaigara nekushanda muBoston Harbour, Long Island, Maryland, Ohio, Texas, Alabama, nekumwewo, kana kuendeswa nehurumende yeUS kuArgentina kuvadzivirira pakutongwa. . Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvekuyedza zvakaiswa mumatanho azvo kuti zvirege kufumura zvakapfuura zveasainzi akakosha eUS. Vamwe vevaNazi vakaunzwa vaive vanyengeri vaive vazvipfuudza ivo sesainzi, vamwe vacho vakazo dzidza minda yavo vachishandira mauto eU.S.
Vagari vemuGerman vekuGerman mushure meHondo Yenyika II vakazivisa kuti ongororo dzese dzechiuto kuGerman dzaizomiswa, sechikamu chedanho. Asi iko kutsvagurudza kwakaenderera mberi nekukura muchivande, pasi pesimba reUS, kuGerman uye muUnited States, sechikamu chehurongwa icho chinokwanisika kuona sekuzora. Kwete masayendisiti chete akatorwa. Vaimbove vasori veNazi, vazhinji vacho vaimbove SS, vakapihwa basa neUS muhondo yapashure pehondo kuGerman kunosora - nekutambudza - maSoviet.
Mauto eUS akachinja munzira dzakawanda apo vaimbove maNazi vakaiswa munzvimbo dzakakurumbira. Aive maNazi rocket masayendisiti akakurudzira kuisa mabhomba enyukireya pamaroketi uye vakatanga kugadzira iyo inopindirana baraistic missile. Aive mainjiniya eNazi aive akagadzira imba yaHitler pazasi peBerlin, iye zvino akagadzira nhare dzepasi pehurumende yeUS muCatoctin neBlue Ridge Mountains. Vanozivikanwa vanoreva nhema veNazi vakashandiswa nemauto eU.S. kunyora zvinyorwa zvakavanzika zvehungwaru vachinyepera kutyisidzira kweSoviet. Masayendisiti eNazi akagadzira mapurogiramu eAmerica emakemikari uye ezvombo, achiunza ruzivo rwavo rwe tabun uye sarin, tisingatauri thalidomide - uye kuda kwavo kuyedza kwevanhu, iyo mauto eUS neCI ichangogadzirwa yeCIA vakaita nyore pamwero mukuru. Pfungwa dzese dzisinganzwisisike uye dzinotyisa dzekuti munhu angaurayiwa sei kana uto rakadzikiswa raifarira kutsvagurudza kwavo. Zvombo zvitsva zvakagadzirwa, kusanganisira VX uye Agent Orange. Dhiraivha nyowani yekushanyira uye kushandisa zvombo nzvimbo yekunze yakasikwa, uye vaimbove maNazi vakagadzwa maneja wesangano nyowani inonzi NASA.
Kufunga zvehondo zvechigarire, kufunga kwehondo kusingagumi, uye kufunga kwehondo kwekufungidzira uko sainzi netekinoroji zvakafukidza kufa nekutambura, zvese zvakaenda zvakanyanya. Mumwe aimbova weNazi paakataura nechikafu chemadzimai paRochester Junior Chamber of Commerce muna 1953, musoro wenyaya yacho waive wekuti “Buzz Bomb Mastermind to Address Jaycees Today.” Izvo hazvinzwika sezvisinganzwisisike kwatiri, asi zvinogona kunge zvakavhundutsa chero munhu anogara muUnited States chero nguva Hondo Yenyika II isati yatanga. Tarisa izvi Walt Disney chirongwa cheterevhizheni iine aimbove weNazi aishanda varanda vorufu mubako rekuvaka matombo. Fungidzira kuti ndiani.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zjs3nBfyIwM
Pasina nguva, Mutungamiri Dwight Eisenhower vanga vachichema kuti "simba rese - rezvehupfumi, rezvematongerwo enyika, kunyangwe pamweya - rinonzwika muguta rega rega, imba yega yega yeHurumende, hofisi dzese dzehurumende yeFederal." Eisenhower anga asiri kureva Nazism asi kune simba remauto-maindasitiri akaomarara. Asi, paakabvunzwa kuti ndiani waaifunga kuti ataure mukutaura kumwechete kuti "mutemo weveruzhinji unogona kuva musungwa wevane hunyanzvi vesainzi-tekinoroji," Eisenhower akatumidza masayendisiti maviri, mumwe wavo aimbove weNazi muvhidhiyo yeDisney yakabatana pamusoro.
Sarudzo yekupinza chiuru nemazana matanhatu evakuru vesainzi-yesainzi-tekinoroji muuto reUS yakatungamirwa nekutya kweUSSR, zvese zvine musoro uye mhedzisiro yekunyepedzera kutya. Sarudzo yakavapo nekufamba kwenguva uye yaive chigadzirwa chemafungiro mazhinji akatsauswa. Asi iyo bhuru yakamira neMutungamiri Harry S Truman. Henry Wallace, akafanotungamira Truman semutevedzeri wemutungamiriri wenyika uyo watinoda kufungidzira angadai akatungamira nyika munzira iri nani pane zvakaitwa naTruman semutungamiriri wenyika, akatosundira Truman kuhaya maNazi chirongwa chebasa. Zvingave zvakanaka kune indasitiri yeAmerica, akadaro gamba redu rinofambira mberi. Vari pasi paTruman vakapokana, asi Truman akasarudza. Sezvo mabits eOperation Paperclip akazozivikanwa, iyo American Federation of Scientists, Albert Einstein, nevamwe vakakurudzira Truman kuti ipedze. Nyukireya physicist Hans Bethe newaaishanda naye Henri Sack vakabvunza Truman:
“Ko chokwadi chekuti maGerman angangoponesa nyika mamirioni emadhora zvaireva here kuti pekugara nekusingaperi ugari hunogona kutengwa? United States yaigona here kutarisira [masayendisiti eGerman] kushandira runyararo apo ruvengo rwavo rwakadzidziswa pamusoro pevaRussia vanogona kupa kuwedzera kupesana pakati pemasimba makuru? Hondo yaive yarwirwa here kubvumidza dzidziso yeNazi kuti ipinde mumasangano edu edzidzo nesainzi nemusuwo wekumashure? Tinoda sainzi pamutengo upi noupi here? ”
Muna 1947 Operation Paperclip, ichiri diki, yaive munjodzi yekumiswa. Panzvimbo iyoyo, Truman akachinja mauto eUS neNational Security Act, uye akagadzira mubatsiri akanakisa uyo Operation Paperclip angade: iyo CIA. Zvino chirongwa chakasimuka, nechinangwa uye nemaune, neruzivo rwakazara uye kunzwisisa kweiye Mutungamiriri weUS anga ataura seneta kuti kana maRussia vachikunda US vanofanirwa kubatsira maGerman, uyezve, kuona kuti vanhu vazhinji zvinogoneka akafa, mutungamiri mumwe chete uyo nehutsinye uye zvisina chinangwa akadonhedza mabhomba maviri enyukireya kumaguta eJapan, mutungamiri mumwe chete uyo akatiunzira hondo kuKorea, hondo isina kuzivisa, hondo dzakavanzika, hushe hwakawedzerwa hushe hwezvigadziko, zvakavanzika zvemauto mune zvese nyaya, humambo hutungamiriri, uye chivakwa chemauto-maindasitiri. Iyo US Chemical Warfare Service yakatora kudzidza kweGerman zvombo zvemakemikari pakupera kwehondo senzira yekuenderera iripo. George Merck akaongorora kutyisidzira kwemauto uye vakatengesa majekiseni ehondo kuti vabate. Hondo yaive bhizinesi uye bhizinesi raizove rakanaka kwenguva yakareba iri kuuya.
Asi shanduko yakakura zvakadii iyo United States yakapfuura mushure meHondo Yenyika II, uye yakawanda sei inogona kupihwa Operation Paperclip? Haisi hurumende here iyo yaizopa hutachiona kune vese maNazi nemaJapan matsotsi ehondo kuitira kuti vadzidze nzira dzavo dzematsotsi dzatova munzvimbo yakaipa? Sekutaura kwakaita mumwe wevatsigiri mukutongwa kuNuremberg, iyo US yanga yatove mukuyedza kwayo kune vanhu vachishandisa zvikonzero zvakafanana kune izvo zvinopihwa nevaNazi. Dai mumhan'ari uyu anga achiziva, angadai akataura kuti iyo US yaive panguva iyoyo yaiita zviedzo zvakadaro kuGuatemala. MaNazi akange adzidza mamwe eugenics uye zvimwe zvimiro zvisina kunaka kubva kuAmerica. Mamwe masayendisiti ePaperclip akange ashanda muUS pamberi pehondo, sevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica vakamboshanda kuGerman. Idzi dzaive dzisiri nyika dzega.
Tichitarisa kunze kwematsotsi echipiri, anonyadzisa, uye akasimba ehondo, ko mhosva yehondo pachayo? Isu tinofungidzira United States seisina mhosva zvakanyanya nekuti yaifambisa maJapan mukurwisa kwekutanga, uye nekuti yakarovera vamwe vevakakundwa muhondo. Asi kuyedza kusasarura kungadai kwakapomerawo vanhu vekuAmerica. Mabhomba akadonhedza vanhuwo zvavo vakaurayiwa nekukuvadzwa nekuparadzwa kupfuura mamwe makambi evasungwa - misasa yaive kuGerman yakaenzanisirwa muchidimbu mushure memisasa yeUS kune vekuAmerican. Zvinokwanisika here kuti vesaenzi veNazi vakabatana muuto reUS zvakanyatsonaka nekuti institution yainge yatoita zvayakanga yaita kuPhilippines yakanga isiri mune iyo yakawanda kudikanwa kwekuzora?
Asi, neimwe nzira, isu tinofunga nezve kuputika kwemoto kwemaguta eJapan uye kuyerwa kwakakwana kwemaguta eGerman sekusagumbura zvakanyanya sekubhadharwa kwemasayendisiti eNazi. Asi chii chinotigumbura nezvemaNazi masayendisiti? Ini handifunge kuti zvinofanirwa kuve kuti ivo vakapinda mukuwuraya-mhondi kune yakashata divi, kukanganisa kwakaringana mune dzimwe pfungwa asi yavo yekupedzisira basa rekuuraya-vazhinji nerutivi kurudyi. Uye ini handifunge kuti zvinofanirwa kunge zviri zvachose kuti ivo vakapinda mukurwara kwevanhu kuedza uye kumanikidza basa. Ini ndinofunga zviito izvozvo zvinofanirwa kutigumbura. Asi zvakafanana kuvaka makomboti anotora zviuru zvehupenyu. Uye zvinofanirwa kutigumbura chero munhu waanoitirwa.
Zviri kuda kufungidzira nzanga yakabudirira kumwe kunhu pasi pano makore akati kubva ikozvino. Anobva kune imwe nyika akapfuura muuto reUS angakwanisa here kuwana basa? Ongororo ingadikanwa here? Vakanga vatambudza vasungwa here? Vanga varova drone-vana here? Vakanga vadzikisa dzimba here kana kupfura vanhuwo zvavo mune imwe nyika? Vakanga vashandisa masumbu emabhosi? Yapera uranium? Akachena phosphorus? Vakanga vamboshanda muhurongwa hwejeri reUS? Yevatorwa yekuvharira system? Rufu mutsara? Kudzokorora kwakadii kwaizodiwa? Panogona kunge paine imwe nhanho yekungoteedzera-maodha maitiro ayo anganzi anogamuchirwa? Zvingave nebasa here, kwete chete zvakaitwa nemunhu, asi nemafungiro avo nezvenyika?
Ini handisi kupokana nekupa chero munhu mukana wechipiri. Asi iripi nhoroondo yeOperation Paperclip pane iyo US nzvimbo? Aripiko mamaki ezvakaitika nezviyeuchidzo? Kana isu tichitaura nezve kuputsa zvivakwa, chiito chenhoroondo dzidzo, kwete nhoroondo yekudzima yatinofanira kuve mushure.
