naGareth Porter, March 16, 2018
From TruthDig
Kuparidzirwa kweMedia uye kupindira kwezvematongerwo enyika kuzivisa kwaDonald Trump yemusangano wekupemberera nemusangano weNorth Korea Kim Jong Un ave wakabva kune pfungwa yokuti haigone kubudirira, nokuti Kim acharamba pfungwa ye denuclearization. Asi mushumo wakakwana weSouth Korea Mutungamiri weMwedzi Moon Jae-muhurumende wekuchengeteka kwenyika pamusangano pamwe na Kim pamusi wevhiki-rakafukidzwa neSouth Korea's Yonhap nhau yehurumende asi kwete rakafukidzwa muUnited media nhau-inojekesa kuti Kim achaunza Trump nepurogiramu yakazara ye denuclearization inobatanidza nekugadzirisa ukama huripo pakati peU.S. neNorth Korea, kana Democratic Republic's Republic of Korea (DPRK).
Mutsara waChung Eui-yong pamabiko akachengetwa naKim Jong Un weChito-South Korea nhengo dzemuSouth Korea muna March 10 dzakati North Korea mutungamiri akanga asimbisa "kuzvipira kwake kudhenariari yeKorea Peninsula" uye kuti " hapana chikonzero chokutora zvombo zvenyukireya kana kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende [yake] kusimbiswa uye kutyisidzirwa kwehondo kune North Korea kwakabviswa. "Chung akataura kuti Kim akaratidza kuda kwake kukurukura" nzira dzekuona dhinuclearization ye peninsula uye kusimudzira [US-DPRK] hukama hwakabatana. "
Asi mune izvo zvingava zvakakosha kuwana muhupoti, Chung akawedzera, "Zvatinofanira kunyanya kunyatsoteerera ndezvokuti [Kim Jong Un] akanyatsotsanangura kuti denuclearization yeKorea Peninsula yaiva murayiridzo wekutanga kwake uye kuti pakange kusina kuchinja kune murairo wakadaro. "
Inhau yeSouth Korea yenyika yevashandi vekuchengeteka kwenyika inopikisana zvakananga nekutenda kwakasimba pakati pekuchengeteka kwenyika yeUnited States uye vezvematongerwo enyika kuti Kim Jong Un haazomboregi zvombo zvenyukireya zveDPRK. Sezvo Colin Kahl, aimbova mutungamiri wePentagon uye mupi weBarack Obama, akataura nenzira yekupindura musangano uyu, "Hazvisi nyore kuti achabvumira dhinuclearization yakazara panguva ino."
Asi kutsvaga kwaKahl kwekuda kwechibvumirano chero chipi zvacho pamusangano wacho unofunga, pasina kutaura zvakadaro, kuenderera kwekuramba kwakasimba kweBush uye Obama hurumende yeUnited States kupa chero chinhu chinokurudzira kuNorth Korean muchimiro chechibvumirano chitsva cherugare ne North Korea uye kukwana kwakakwana kwehukama nehupfumi hwehupfumi.
Nzira iyo yehurumende yeUnited States ndeye rumwe rutivi rwenyaya isingazivikanwi-inozivikanwa yezvematongerwo enyika eNorth Korea nyaya. Imwe rutivi rwenyaya yacho ndeyeku North Korea yekuedza kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya uye missile sekutengesa chips kuti United States iite chibvumirano chinogona kuchinja shanho reAmerica rekuvenga kuNorth Korea.
Iyo Cold War yakabva nyaya yacho ndeyokuti DPRK yakanga ida kuti mutungamiri wemauto eUnited States muSouth Korea asiye gore rimwe nerimwe "Team Spirit" maitiro nemauto eSouth Korea, ayo akatanga muna 1976 uye akanganisa ndege dzeAmerica dzine simba dzeUnited States. VaAmerica vaiziva kuti maitiro aya aitya kumaNorth Korea nekuti, saLobert V. Sigal vanoyeuka mubhuku rake rekuremekedza reUnited States North North Korean nhaurirano, "Kusununguka Vatorwa, "United States yakanga yatsanangura pachena zvigetsi zvenyukireya kurwisa DPRK kanomwe.
Asi kuguma kweCold War mu1991 kwakaunza mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa. Apo Soviet Union yakagumburwa, uye Russia yakatengesa kubva kune yekare yeSoviet bloc allies, North Korea kamwe kamwe yakave yakaenzana ne 40 muzana inoderedza kuderedzwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi zvaro zvakasungwa. Imari yehupfumi inotungamirirwa nehurumende yakakandwa muchisimba.
Zvichakadaro, kusakanganiswa kwehupfumi uye zvechiuto pamwe neSouth Korea kwakaramba kuchikura mumakumi maviri ekupedzisira eCold War. Kunyange zvazvo GDP imwe neimwe yevaKorea vaviri yakanga iri yakafanana kusvika pakati peZ1970s, yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru ne1990, apo imwe yeGDP yeNyika yeSouth, iyo yakanga ine vanhu vanopfuura kaviri veNorth, yakanga yava kane kane hukuru kupfuura yeNorth Korea.
Uyezve, nharaunda yakanga isingakwanise kuisa mari yekugadzirisa nzvimbo yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvayo zvemauto, saka yaifanira kuita nematangi akachengeterwa, air defense systems uye ndege kubva ku1950s uye 1960s, nepo South Korea yakaramba ichiwana teknolojia yezvino kubva kuUnited States. Uye mushure mematambudziko makuru ehupfumi akapinda muNorth, chikamu chikuru chemasimba ayo evhu aifanira kuva kuparadzaniswa kumabasa ekugadzirwa kwemari, kusanganisira kukohwa, kuvaka uye migodi. Zvinhu izvozvi zvakaita kuti zvive pachena zvakajeka kuvarwi vehondo kuti Korean People's Army (KPA) yakanga isisina kunyange nekwanisi yekuita basa muSouth Korea kwenguva yakareba kupfuura vhiki shomanana.
Pakupedzisira, hurumende yeKim yava kuzviwana mumamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisiki ekunyanya kutarisirwa neChina kubatsirwa kwehupfumi kupfuura kare. Takatarisana nechisimba ichi chakabatanidzwa chekutyisidzira, DPRK muvambi Kim Il-Sung akapinda nokukurumidza mushure meCold War pane imwe nzira itsva yekuchengetedza: kushandisa North Korea kusagadzikana kwenyika yenyukireya uye missile mapurogiramu ekukwezva United States muchibvumirano chakazara chaizotanga chimiro chechimiro chechimiro. Kutanga kwekutanga mumutambo uyu wakakura wakauya munaJanuary 1992, apo Mutongi weCorean Workers 'Party, Kim Young Sun, akaratidza humwe hutsva hweDPRK hunoenda kuUnited States pamisangano neChesecretary of State Arnold Kanter muNew York. Zuva rakaudzwa Kanter kuti Kim Il Sung aida kusimbisa ukama hwekushandira pamwe ne Washington uye akanga akagadzirira kugamuchira kushanda kwemauto eUnited States kwenguva refu kuKorea Peninsula sechivako chinopikisana neChinese kana yeRussia.
Muna 1994, DPRK yakataurirana zvakagamuchirwa neClinton administration, ichiita kubviswa kwe plutonium reactor yayo mukudzoka kwehuwandu hwakawanda-hunovhenekeri hwemvura inoshandiswa mumvura uye kushandiswa kweUnited States kusimudzira ukama hwezvematongerwe enyika nehupfumi nePyongyang. Asi hapana zvekuzvipira kwacho kwaifanira kuzadzikiswa pakarepo, uye vashandi venhau veUnited States neCongress vakange vari kunyanya kushamwaridzana ne-central trade-off muchibvumirano. Apo nharaunda yeNorth Korea yemagariro ehupfumi nehupfumi yakanyanyisa kunyanya zvakanyanya muhafu yepiri ye1990s mushure mekurohwa nemafashamo makuru uye nzara, CIA yakabudisa mitsaraichiratidza kupera kwekuuya kwehurumende. Saka Clinton vatungamiri vehurumende vakatenda kuti kwakanga kusina chikonzero chekuenda kune kumira kwehukama.
Mushure mekufa kwaKim Il Sung pakati pe 1994, zvisinei, mwanakomana wake Kim Jong Il akakurudzira zano rababa vake kunyanya nesimba. Akaita DPRK yekutanga kuedza missile mumuedzo ku1998 kuisa Clinton hutungamiri muhutungamiri hwechibvumirano pane chibvumirano chekutsvaga kune zvakagamuchirwa. Asi akazoita mutsara wekunyadzisa kunofamba mberi, kutanga nekutaurirana kwechibvumirano chekuongorora kwemazuva akawanda neU.S. ku1998 uye nekuenderera mberi nekutumirwa kwehurumende yega, Marshall Jo Myong Rok, kuWashington kusangana naBill Clinton iyeye muna October 2000.
Jo akauya nekuzvipira kurega chirongwa cheDPRK chaI ICBM uye zvombo zvenyukireya sechikamu chikuru cheUnited States. Pamusangano weVhite House, Jo akapa Clinton tsamba kubva Kim achimukoka kuti ashanyire Pyongyang. Ipapo iye akaudza Clinton, "Kana ukasvika kuPyongyang, Kim Jong Il achavimbisa kuti achagutsa zvose zvaunofunga nezvekuchengeteka."
Clinton akakurumidza kutumira nhume dzakatungamirirwa neMunyori weHurumende Madeleine Albright kuenda kuPyongyang, uko Kim Jong Il akapa mhinduro dzakakwana kumibvunzo yeUnited States pamusana pemvumo yekutonga. Iyewo akaudza Albright kuti DPRK yakanga yashandura maonero ayo pamusoro pekuuya kweuto reUnited States muSouth Korea, uye kuti ikozvino yakatenda kuti United States yakatora "kusimudzira basa" pari peninsula. Akaratidza kuti vamwe vari muNorth Korea hondo vakange vataura kushorwa nemaonero iwayo, uye izvozvo zvaizogadziriswa chete kana US uye DPRK vachisimudzira hukama hwavo.
Kunyange zvazvo Clinton akagadzirira kuenda kuPyongyang kuti asayine chibvumirano, haana kuenda, uye Bush administration ikashandura chikamu chacho chinotanga kuenda kunzvimbo yezvematongerwe enyika neNorth Korea yakatangwa naClinton. Kwemakore gumi akatevera, North Korea yakatanga kuunganidza nhumbi yenyukireya uye yakagadzirisa zvikuru mukusimbisa ICBM yayo.
Asi apo Mutungamiri wekare Clinton akashanyira Pyongyang mu2009 kuti awane kusunungurwa kwevatapi venhau vaviri vokuAmerica, Kim Jong Il akasimbisa pfungwa yokuti zvinhu zvingadai zvakasiyana. Memo pamusangano pakati peClinton naKim iyo yaiva pakati peMa Clinton emails rakabudiswa ne WikiLeaks munaOctober 2016, akatora Kim Jong Iye achiti, "Ini [Democrats] ndakatora mu 2000 mamiriro ezvinhu muhukama hwemhirizhonga ingadai isina kusvika pakadai. Asi, zvibvumirano zvose zvaizove zvichishandiswa, DPRK ingadai yakave nemvura yakachena, uye United States ingadai yakave neshamwari itsva muNortheast Asia munyika yakaoma. "
US vezvematongerwo enyika uye vekuchengeteka vave vakagamuchira pfungwa yokuti Washington ine zvisarudzo zviviri chete: kana kugamuchira zvombo zvenyukireya-zvakagadzirirwa North Korea kana "kukurira kukuru" pangozi yehondo. Asi sezvo veSouth Korea vave vachikwanisa kusimbisa, maonero akadaro haana kukanganisa. Kim Jong Un achiri kuzvipira kune chiratidzo chepakutanga chebvumirano nevana veAmerica nokuda kwe denuclearization iyo baba vake vakaedza kuzviona vasati vafa muna 2011. Mubvunzo chaiwo ndewekuti hutungamiri hweTrump uye huwandu hwezvematongerwo enyika eUnited States hunokwanisa kushandisa mukana iwoyo.
