Varwi Vasina Pfuti

NaDavid Swanson, Mutevedzeri Mukuru we World BEYOND War, June 21, 2019

Mufirimu mutsva weWill Watson, akadanwa Varwi Vasina Pfuti, inofanirwa kuvhundutsa vanhu vazhinji - kwete nekuti inoshandisa imwezve nzira inotyisa yechisimba kana fomu inoshamisa yebonde (izvo zvakajairika vanovhundutsa muongororo yemamuvhi), asi nekuti inorondedzera uye inotiratidza nyaya yechokwadi inopokana nezvakanyanya fungidziro yezvematongerwo enyika, mutemo wekunze, uye mukurumbira magariro.

Bougainville Island yaive paradhiso kwemamireniyoni, yakagarwa zvine mutsindo nevanhu vasina kumbobvira vakonzeresa nyika kupasa chinetso chidiki. Humambo hwekumadokero hwakarwira pamusoro pazvo, hongu. Zita rayo ndere mumwe muongorori wekuFrance akazvitumidza zita rake muna 1768. Germany yakazviti muna 1899. MuHondo Yenyika I, Australia yakatora. MuHondo Yenyika II, Japan yakatora. Bougainville akadzokera mukutonga kweAustralia mushure mehondo, asi maJapan akasiya mirwi yezvombo kumashure - pamwe ndiyo yakaipa kwazvo yemarudzi mazhinji ekushatisa, kuparadza, uye nemhedzisiro inokonzeresa iyo hondo inogona kusiya mukumuka kwayo.

Vanhu veBougainville vaida rusununguko, asi vakaitwa chikamu chePapua New Guinea pachinzvimbo. Uye muma1960 chinhu chakaipisisa chakaitika - chakaipisisa kuBougainville kupfuura chero chinhu chayakamboona. Ichi chiitiko chakashandura maitiro eWestern colonial. Yakanga isiri nguva yekujekeswa kana rupo. Kwakave kunzwisisika kwakaipisisa, pakati chaipo pechitsuwa, chekupihwa kukuru kwendarira pasi rese. Yakanga isiri kukuvadza chero munhu. Ingadai yakasiiwa ipo chaipo. Pane kudaro, segoridhe raCherokees kana mafuta eIraq, yakasimuka sechituko chinoparadzira kutyisa uye kufa.

Imwe kambani yeAustralia inoshandisa minda yakaba iyo nyika, ikadzinga vanhu kubva payo, ndokutanga kuiparadza, ichigadzira chaicho chikuru pane pasi. I Bougainvilleans yakapindura nezvimwe zvingafunga kuti zvinonzwisisika zvinoda kubhadharwa. VaAustralia vakaramba, vakaseka chaizvoizvo. Dzimwe nguva pane apocalyptically yakazara maonero anovhara dzimwe nzira nekuseka kuseka.

Pano, pamwe, yaive nguva yekushinga uye yekugadzira kusagadzikana kusagadzikana. Asi vanhu vakaedza chisimba pachinzvimbo - kana (sekutaura kunotsausa) "vakaita mhirizhonga." Iwo mauto ePapua New Guinea akapindura kune izvo nekuuraya mazana. VaBougainvilleans vakapindura kune izvo nekugadzira mauto echimurenga uye kurwira rusununguko. Yakanga iri yekururama, anti-imperialist hondo. Mufirimu tinoona mifananidzo yevarwi veiyo chete mhando ichiri kudiwa nevamwe pasi rese. Kwaive kukundikana kunotyisa.

Iko mami yakamira kushanda mu1988. Vashandi vakatizira kuAustralia kuti vadzivirire. Mhindu yangu yakaderedzwa, kwete nekubhadhara kuvanhu venyika, asi ne100%. Izvozvo zvingasaita sekutadza kwakadaro. Asi funga zvakaitika zvakaitika. Hondo yePapua New Guinean yakawedzera hutsinye. Chisimba chakakwira kumusoro. Zvadaro mauto akasika kubhururuka kwechikepe zvechitsuwa ndokubva vasiya. Izvi zvakasara kune varombo, vasina kurongeka, vanhu vakashonga vane kutenda mune simba rechisimba. Icho chaive chirevo chekutsvaga, zvokuti vazhinji vakakoka mauto kumashure, uye hondo yeropa yevanhu yakazara kwemakore anoda kusvika 10, ichiuraya varume, vakadzi, nevana. Kubata chikafu chaive chimbofu. Urombo hwakanga hwakanyanya. Vamwe vanhu vane 20,000, kana imwe yechitanhatu chevanhu, vakaurayiwa. Vamwe veBurgainville vakashinga vakapinza mishonga nemishonga kubva mune zveSolomon Islands, kuburikidza nekudzivirira.

Kane gumi nemana kutaurirana kwerunyararo kwakaedzwa zvikatadza. "Kupindira" kwekunze hakuna kutaridzika senzira inoshanda, sevatorwa vaisavimbika sevashandisi venyika. Vakachengetedzwa "vachengeti verunyararo" vangadai vakawedzera maoko nemiviri kuhondo, se "varindi verunyararo" vane zvombo zvave vachiita pasi rose kwemakumi emakore ikozvino. Chimwe chinhuzve chaidikanwa.

Muvakadzi vechi1995 veBougainville vakaronga zvirongwa zvehukama. Asi rugare haruna kusvika nyore. Mune 1997 Papua New Guinea yakaita zvirongwa zvekurwisana kwehondo, kusanganisira nekubhadhara mauto eLondon anonzi Sandline. Zvadaro mumwe munhu ane chinzvimbo chisingafungidzike akatambura. Mukuru mukuru wevakuru veuto rePapua New Guinea akasarudza kuti kuwedzera mauto ehondo kuhondo kunongowedzera kuverengeka kwemuviri (uye kuisa boka raainge asina kuremekedza). Akakumbira kuti ma mercenaries aende. Izvi zvakagadzirisa mauto pazvinopesana nehurumende, uye chisimba chakapararira kuPapua New Guinea, uko mutungamiri wenyika akadzika.

Ipapo mumwe munhu asingafungidzike akataura chimwe chinhu chine musoro, chimwe chinhu munhu chaanonzwa zuva nezuva muUS nhau midhiya pasina icho chakambofungidzirwa zvakakomba. Asi uyu mukomana, Gurukota rezvekunze kweAustralia, sezviri pachena airevesa. Vakati pakanga pasina mhinduro yehondo. Ehe, izvo zvinogara zviri zvechokwadi kwese kwese, asi kana mumwe munhu akazvitaura uye achinyatso kureva, ipapo imwe nzira yekuita inofanirwa kutevera. Uye ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika.

Nekutsigirwa kwehurumende itsva yePapua New Guinea, uye nekutsigirwa nehurumende yeAustralia, hurumende yeNew Zealand yakatungamirira mukuedza kuita kuti pave norugare muBougainville. Nhengo mbiri dzehondo yehurumende dzakabvumirana kutumira nhume, varume nevakadzi, kuhurukuro dzorugare muNew Zealand. Hurukuro dzakabudirira zvakanaka. Asi kwete masangano ose, uye kwete munhu wose, aizoita kuti adzokere kumba asina chimwe chinhu.

Runyararo rwakachengetwa nevarwi, varume nevakadzi, vanonyatsonzi "kuchengetedza runyararo," rinotungamirwa neNew Zealand uye kusanganisira maAustralia, vakaenda kuBougainville, uye havana kuuya nepfuti navo. Dai vakauya nepfuti, vangadai vakawedzera mhirizhonga. Panzvimbo iyoyo, nePapua New Guinea ichipa ruregerero kune vese varwi, varindi verunyararo vakaunza zviridzwa, mitambo, rukudzo, uye kuzvininipisa. Havana kutora mhosva. Ivo vakafambisa runyararo maitiro anotongwa neBougainvilleans. Vakasangana nevanhu netsoka uye nemutauro wavo. Vakagovana tsika yeMaori. Vakadzidza tsika dzeBougainville. Ivo vakatobatsira vanhu. Ivo chaivo vakavaka mabhiriji. Aya aive mauto, ivo voga vandinogona kufunga munhoroondo yese yevanhu, vandinoda chaizvo "kuvonga nebasa ravo." Uye ini ndinosanganisira mune avo vatungamiriri, avo - zvinoshamisira kune mumwe munhu aimboona vanhu vakaita saJohn Bolton naMike Pompeo paTV - vaive zvisiri pamutemo vanhu vane nyota yeropa. Zvakare zvinoshamisa munhau yeBougainville kushaikwa kwekubatanidzwa neUnited States kana United Nations. Ndedzipi dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika dzinogona kubatsirwa nekushayikwa kwekubatana?

Pakasvika nguva yekuti vamiriri vanobva kunzvimbo dzakapoteredza Bougainville vasayine gadziriso yekupedzisira yerunyararo, budiriro yaive isina chokwadi. New Zealand yakanga yapera mari uye yakadzorera runyararo kuchengetedza kuAustralia, izvo zvakaita kuti vazhinji vasave nechokwadi. Varwi vane zvombo vakatsvaga kudzivirira nhume kubva kuenda kuhurukuro dzerunyararo. Vachengeti verunyararo vasina zvombo vaifanira kuenda kunzvimbo idzodzo nekunyengetedza varwi vane zvombo kuti vatendere nhaurirano dziitwe. Vakadzi vaifanira kunyengetedza varume kuti vatore njodzi yerunyararo. Vakadaro. Uye yakabudirira. Uye yaigara. Pakave nerunyararo muBougainville kubva muna 1998 kusvika zvino. Kurwa hakuna kutangazve. Mugodhi hauna kuvhurwa. Nyika yaisanyatsoda mhangura. Kurwira kwacho kwaisada pfuti. Hapana munhu aifanira "kukunda" muhondo.