Masoja mazhinji haasi Murayiri: Mhedzisiro yeHurumende Yakatemerwa Mhirizhonga uye Zvinangwa Zvayo.

 Hapana chinhu chakanaka pahondo kana kuuraya. Mutengo wehondo wevanhu unosvika kure kupfuura nhandare yehondo - ine chekuita nevakaroora, vana, vakoma, hanzvadzi, vabereki, vanasekuru nasekuru, vakoma, vanatete uye vanababamunini kwezvizvarwa. Zvakaonekwawo kuti varwi vazhinji munhoroondo yese havadi kuuraya vamwe vanhu uye kuita kudaro sezviri pachena kunopesana nehunhu hwavo. Serezenisi rekushandisa mhirizhonga mukugadzirisa kusawirirana, zvino, mhedzisiro yekuuraya muhondo inotyisa… uye mhedzisiro yemhirizhonga yakatemerwa nyika kazhinji inoparadza kune avo vanonzi vakundi nevakakundwa. Hazvina-kuhwina.George Bush akanga ati takatarisana nenjodzi ye“axis of evil” iri Korea, Iran neIraq. Hutongi hwaObama, zvinosuwisa, hwakazowedzera huwandu hwenyika dzinofanirwa kunangwa. Nepo, Martin Luther King, Jr. akati huipi husingagadzirisiki munyika hurombo, rusaruraganda nehondo. Huipi hwaMambo hutatu hunotambwa mazuva ese muUS dzemumba neyekunze marongero. Zvichida dai Bush naVaObama vaifarira chaizvo kupedza hugandanga vaizotarisa zvakanyanya pakuongorora kwakadzama kwaMambo.

Munhoroondo yese, makakatanwa akateedzera nzira yekugadzirisa makakatanwa. Sarudzo dzinowanzo kuve mhirizhonga uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekusaita mhirizhonga. Ikoko kunoratidzikawo kunge kune musiyano wakasimba mumaonero pakati pekuti "vanhu" mukati mehurumende vanogadzirisa sei kunetsana uye kuti gakava pakati pe "nyika" rinogadziriswa sei. Zviri mumakakatanwa aya uye zvisarudzo zvavo kuti hurombo, rusaruraganda nehondo zvinopindirana.

Ruzhinji rwevanhu vari munyika vanogadzirisa kukakavara kwega kwega kuburikidza nenzira dzisiri dzemhirizhonga (kureva hurukuro, zvibvumirano zvemashoko) Dr. King vakati chinangwa chekusaita mhirizhonga munharaunda shanduko kana kusagadzirisa mhirizhonga kusagadzirisa hakusi kwekutsiva asi kushandura moyo weiye anonzi muvengi. “Hatimbobvise ruvengo nekusangana neruvengo; isu tinobvisa muvengi, "akadaro," nekubvisa ruvengo. Chaizvoizvo hunhu hunovenga kuparadza nekuparadza. ”

Nyika zhinji zvakare dzine mitemo inorambidza mashandisirwo emhirizhonga. Mumasangano eUnited States, semuenzaniso, munhu haafanire kuuraya mumwe munhu nemaune. Kana zvirizvo, ivo vari panjodzi yekumhan'arirwa nehurumende iyo inogona kuzoguma, mushure mekutongwa kwedare, mudunhu pacharo kuuraya munhu nekuita mhosva yakadaro. Chirango muUS, zvisinei, chinowanzo chengeterwa avo vasina zviwanikwa. Izvo zvakafanira kucherechedzwa kuti United States ndiyo yega nyika yekumadokero ichiri kushandisa mutongo werufu, uyo unogara uchiiswa kune vanhu varombo zvakanyanya uye zvisingaenzaniswi avo vemavara - vanhu avo kazhinji vasina nzira yekuzvidzivirira. Mutongo werufu muenzaniso wakadzama wehurumende wakatemerwa mhirizhonga (kana kutya) senzira yekugadzirisa kusawirirana. Mukutaura kwaDkt King, mutemo wemuAmerica wepamba ndewe rusaruraganda, yakanyanya hondo yekurwisa varombo uye, nemutongo werufu, unoratidza vanhu vasingade kuregerera.

Makore apfuura ini ndaida kudzidza zvakawanda nezvehondo uye nekushingairira kuongorora dzimwe shamwari dzababa vangu avo vakarwa kuGerman munguva yeWWII. Vaisataura neni. Ivo havagovane chero chinhu. Zvakatora nguva kuti tinzwisise zvairehwa nekurambwa kwavo. Hondo, ini kubvira ndadzidza, yakafanana nemhirizhonga yakadaro, kurwadziwa uye kutambura izvo hazvishamise kuti kugovana zviitiko izvi chimwe chinhu vanhu vazhinji vasingadi kuita. Mubhuku rake Izvo Munhu Wose Anofanira Kuziva Nezvehondo, munyori Chris Hedges anonyora, “Tinokurudzira hondo. Tinochichinja kuva varaidzo. Uye mune izvi zvese tinokanganwa kuti chii chinonzi hondo, zvazvinoita kuvanhu vanotambura nazvo. Tinokumbira avo vari muchiuto uye mhuri dzavo kuti vazvipire izvo zvinoratidzira hupenyu hwavo hwese. Avo vanovenga hondo zvakanyanya, ini ndawana, mavetera anoiziva. ”

Mukugadzirisa kusawirirana "pakati penyika", pakati pevanhu vanonzwisisa zvirinani, hondo inogara ichionekwa senzira yekupedzisira pazvikonzero zvinoverengeka, chisiri chidiki zvacho chiri simba rayo rinoparadza. Pfungwa "yehondo chaiyo" yakavakirwa pachirevo ichocho - kuti zvimwe zvese zvakaedzwa kugadzirisa kunetsana hondo isati yatanga. Zvakadaro, kutaura zvakare Dr. King, akabvunza zvine hungwaru kuti nei "kuuraya mugari werudzi rwako imhosva, asi kuuraya kwevagari verimwe nyika muhondo chiito chehunhu hwakanaka?" Maitiro akatsauswa kuve echokwadi.

IUnited States ine nhoroondo yakaoma yekushandisa chisimba zvakanyanya mukuedza kugadzirisa kukakavadzana kwenyika dzakawanda mune izvo kazhinji chido chekutonga uye kuva nekugona kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, zvakadai samafuta. Kazhinji ndiyo US iri pachena pamusoro pezvikonzero zvayo zvehondo. Unyengeri huripo panguva imwe chete apo vechidiki vedu vanodzidziswa kuuraya.

Nekufananidzwa kwezvakaipa zvitatu zvechisarura, urombo nehondo, zvinangwa zvehondo dzeUnited States zvine maonero akajeka kune uyo anorangwa muimba yedu yemumba. Izvi zvinongogara zviripo varombo uye vanhu vane ruvara panzvimbo pevanyori vane hupfumi uye vachena mabhengi akaipa, vatungamiri vehurumende nevatungamiriri vehurumende, nezvimwewo. Kuzvidavirira muhurumende yeUnited States uye madare edzimhosva zvakanyanya kushayika uye kirasi nyaya nekusawirirana zvakakosha zvakakwana pamwe chete kukanganisa kunowedzera kunyanyisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, chiitiko cheFerguson nezvimwe zvisingaverengeki muSouth America zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupenyu hweHurusi kuve mupfungwa, hongu, semuenzaniso wakajairika wekuita maitiro muAmerica. Kufanana nedzimba dzedu dzemunharaunda, hondo dzeUnited States dzakanyanya kupesana nevarombo zvikuru, dzakagadziriswa uye dzakagarwa nevanhu vane ruvara, uko US inogona kuvimbiswa, pamwe, yekukunda kwenguva pfupi.

Mhirizhonga ine "hutsinye" patiri senzanga. Hazvina kunaka kwatiri zvakadaro iwe unozvitarisa. Mamwe makore apfuura nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika yeBritish Colin Turnbull akaongorora zvinoitika pamutongo werufu muUnited States. Akabvunzurudza varindi pamutsetse werufu, ivo vanhu vakadhonza switch yemagetsi, vasungwa pamutsetse werufu uye nhengo dzemhuri dzevanhu vese ava. Kukanganisa kwakashata kwepfungwa uye matambudziko ehutano akakunda kune vese avo vakanangana kana zvisina kunangana mukuuraya kwehurumende kwaive kwakakura. Hapana akapunyuka zvinotyisa.

Nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakatangawo kutarisa kukanganiswa kwe "hondo" munharaunda. Iyo zvakare ine "hutsinye" mhedzisiro patiri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chinonyanya kuumba hunhu hwedu pachedu imhuri uye vezera rinotikomba. Asi izvo izvo masayendisiti aive asina kutarisisa imhedzisiro yematongerwo enyika pamabatiro emunhu. Dzimwe nyanzvi mune zvemagariro evanhu dzakaona kuti mushure mehondo pane kuwedzera kwekushandisa kwechisimba kwevanhu munyika dzevakakundwa nevakakunda mukukonana. Nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika vakatarisa mhando yechisimba yemhare, uye modhi yekukanganisa hupfumi nevamwe kuti vatsanangure chiitiko ichi. Tsananguro chete inoita seinonyanya kumanikidza kubvuma kwehurumende kushandiswa kwechisimba kugadzirisa kusawirirana. Kana matavi ese ehurumende kubva kumutungamiriri, kuenda kumutemo, kumatare achigamuchira mhirizhonga senzira yekugadzirisa gakava, zvinoita sekunge zvinodzikira pasi kune vanhu - ingori mwenje wakasvibira kushandisa kana kufunga mhirizhonga senzira inogamuchirwa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Zvichida imwe yenyaya dzinomanikidza kupokana nekutumira vakadzi vedu vadiki nevarume kuhondo ndeyekuti vazhinji vedu hatidi kuuraya zvachose. Zvisinei nekudzidziswa kubwinya kwehondo idzi, vazhinji vedu hatiteerere chikumbiro chekuuraya. Mubhuku rake rinonakidza Pakuuraya: Maitiro ePfungwa nezvekudzidza kuuraya muHondo neSosaiti (1995), chiremba wezvepfungwa Lt. Colonel Dave Grossman anonyora chitsauko chose kune "Vasingapisi Mumoto Nhoroondo." Tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti munhoroondo yese, muhondo chero, chete 15% kusvika 20% yemasoja ari kuda kuuraya. Iyi yakaderera muzana iri yepasirese uye inoshanda kune mauto kubva munyika dzese munhoroondo yakanyorwa. Sezvineiwo, kunyange chinhambwe kubva kumuvengi hazvireve hazvo kuti chinokurudzira kuuraya. Grossman anopa kutsvaga kunonakidza kwekuti "Kunyangwe paine bhenefiti iyi, chete muzana muzana yevatyairi vehondo yeUS vane 1% yevavengi vese vatyairi vakapfura pasi mukati meWWII; ruzhinji haruna kupfura munhu pasi kana kutomboedza. ”

IUS zviri pachena kuti haina kukoshesa iyi yakaderera muzana yemhondi, saka yakatanga kushandura nzira yaraidzidzisa mauto ayo. MaAmerican vakatanga kushandisa mubatanidzwa we "operant conditioning" yeIP Pavlov neBF Skinner mukudzidziswa kwavo, izvo zvakaodza moyo mauto edu kuburikidza nekudzokorora. Mumwe mugungwa akandiudza kuti mukudzidziswa kwekutanga hausi iwe "unoita" kuuraya usingaregi asi unosungirwa kutaura izwi rekuti "kuuraya" mukupindura kune angangoita marongero ese. "Chaizvoizvo musoja adzidzira maitiro aya kakawanda," akadaro Grossman, "zvekuti paanouraya muhondo anokwanisa, padanho rimwe, kuzviramba kuti ari kuuraya mumwe munhu." Nehondo yeKorea 55% yemasoja eUS akakwanisa kuuraya uye neVietnam 95% inoshamisa vakakwanisa kuzviita. Grossman anotiwo Vietnam yave kuzivikanwa seyekutanga mishonga yekurwira mishonga umo mauto eUS akadyisa varwi vedu huwandu hwakawanda hwemishonga kudzikamisa pfungwa pavanenge vachiita zvechisimba uye vangangoita zvakafanana muIraq.

Achitaura kumubvunzo wevashoma muzana wevaurayi muhondo, Grossman anoti "Sezvandakaongorora mubvunzo uyu uye nekuongorora maitiro ekuuraya muhondo kubva pamaonero ezvakaitika kare, chiremba wepfungwa nemusoja, ndakatanga kuona kuti paive chinhu chikuru chakashaikwa kubva kunzwisisiro yakajairika yekuuraya muhondo, chinhu chinopindura uyu mubvunzo nezvimwe. Icho chinoshaikwa chinhu chiri nyore uye chinoratidza chokwadi chekuti mune vazhinji varume kurwisa kwakasimba kuuraya vamwe vanhu. Kupokana kwakasimba zvekuti, mumamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji, masoja ari munhandare anofa vasati vakunda. ”

Icho chokwadi chekuti isu hatidi kuuraya chisimbiso chekutenda chevanhu vedu. Isu tinonyatsoda kuita hunhu kushandura majaha edu nemhandara kuva nyanzvi, mhondi dzine hunyanzvi? Isu tinonyatsoda kushandura maitiro evechidiki nenzira iyi? Isu tinonyatsoda here kuti vechidiki vedu vadzvinyirirwe pahunhu hwavo nehwevamwe? Haisati iri nguva here yekuti isu titaure nehuipi chaihwo munyika, iyo chaiyo axis yehuipi kuve rusaruraganda, hurombo nehondo uye zvese izvo zvakabatanidzwa nemakaro ekudzora zviwanikwa zvepasirose zvichikanganisa isu tese? Isu tinonyatsoda here edu emitero madhora anoshandiswa kuuraya varombo venyika, kuparadza nyika dzavo uye kutiita isu tese vane chisimba mukuita? Chokwadi tinogona kuita zvirinani pane izvi!

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