Kubva pane kuburitswa kwebhuku raTunander "Hondo yeSweden yepasi pemvura" mu2019, kuNUPI na (kubva kuruboshwe) Ola Tunander, Pernille Rieker, Sverre Lodgaard, naVegard Valther Hansen. (Mufananidzo: John Y. Jones)
NaMuongorori Muzvinafundo Emeritus kuPrio, Ola Tunander, Mazuva Ano, Ny Tid, Whistleblower yekuwedzera, Kurume 6, 2021
Vanotsvagurudza vanokakavara nezvechokwadi chehondo dzeUS, vanoita kunge vanonzwa kuburitswa munzvimbo dzavo mukutsvagisa uye nemasangano enhau. Muenzaniso wakaratidzwa pano unobva kuInstitute for Peace Research muOslo (PRIO), inzvimbo iyo yakagara iine vaongorori vachitsoropodza hondo dzechisimba - uye ndiani angangonzi shamwari dzezvombo zvenyukireya.
Mumwe muongorori anonzi anotsvaga chinangwa uye chokwadi. Asi iye anodzidza kusarudza misoro yavo yekutsvaga uye kusvika pamhedziso zvinoenderana nezvinotarisirwa nevakuru nevatariri, uye izvi zvisinei nekuti rusununguko rwezvidzidzo rwakanyorerwa muNorway kuburikidza ne "rusununguko rwekuzvitaurira pachena", "rusununguko rwekusimudzira mazano matsva "uye" rusununguko rwekusarudza nzira uye zvinhu ». Muhurukuro yanhasi yemagariro, rusununguko rwekutaura rwunoratidzika kunge rwadzikiswa kuenda kurudyi rwekugumbura dzinza revamwe vanhu kana chitendero.
Asi rusununguko rwekutaura runofanira kunge rwuri pamusoro pekodzero yekuongorora simba uye nzanga. Zvakaitika kwandiri ndezvekuti mukana wekutaura wakasununguka semuongorori wakawedzera kushomeka mukati memakore makumi maviri apfuura. Takasvika sei pano?
Iyi ndiyo nyaya yangu semuongorori. Kwemakore angangoita makumi matatu ndakashanda paRunyararo Research Institute Oslo (PASI), kubva 1987 kusvika 2017. Ndakave muongorori wepamusoro mushure mekupedza degree rangu rezvechiremba mu1989 uye ndikatungamira chirongwa cheInstitute chezvekunze nekuchengetedza mutemo Ndakagamuchira purofesa wangu muna 2000 ndikanyora nekugadzirisa mabhuku akati wandei nezvematongerwo enyika nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.
Mushure mehondo yeLibya muna2011, ndakanyora bhuku muchiSweden nezvehondo iyi, nezvekuti ndege dzekuWestern bomber dzakarongedza sei mashandiro evapanduki vechiIslam nemauto epasi kubva kuQatar kuitira kukunda mauto eLibya (Ini ndakanyora rimwe bhuku paHondo yeLibya muchiNorway, rakaburitswa muna 2018.) Nyika dzekuMadokero dzakabatana neveIslam zvakanyanya, sekuAfghanistan muma1980. MuLibhiya, maIslam vakaita kuchenesa kwemadzinza kwevatema vemuAfrica uye vakapara mhosva dzehondo.
Kune rimwe divi, vezvenhau vakati Muammar Gaddafi akabhomba vanhuwo zvavo uye akaronga kuuraya vanhu muBenghazi. Seneta weU.S. John McCain uye Munyori weHurumende Hillary Clinton vakataura nezve "Rwanda nyowani". Nhasi tinoziva kuti uku kwaive kuchena kwekusaziva kana kuti nani disinformation. Mune yakashuma mushumo kubva ku2016, yeBritish House yeMakomisheni 'Yekunze Nyaya Dare rakaramba zvese zvinopomerwa zvehondo zvehondo zvechisimba kuvanhu uye kutyisidzirwa kwekuparadzwa. Pakanga pasina humbowo hweizvi. Hondo yakazove "hondo yechisimba", mune mamwe mazwi "mhosva yakaipisisa," kutora matare eNuremberg.
Akanyimwa bhuku kuvhurwa
Ini ndakaparura bhuku rangu reSweden reLibya muStockholm muna Zvita 2012 uye ndakaronga seminari yakafanana kuPRIO kuOslo. Wangu wandaishanda naye Hilde Henriksen Waage anga achangoparura bhuku rake Kunetsana uye masimba makuru ezvematongerwo enyika kuMiddle East yehoro yakazara paPRIO. Ndakafarira zano uye ndikasarudza pamwe chete nemaneja wekutaurirana uye wangu wepamusoro kubata zvakafanana PRIO seminar pabhuku rangu Libyenkrigets geopolitik (Iyo geopolitics yeHondo yeLibya). Isu takaisa zuva, nzvimbo nenzvimbo. Aimbova mukuru weNorway Intelligence Service, General Alf Roar Berg, akabvuma kutaura nezvebhuku iri. Aive neruzivo kubva kuMiddle East uye makore gumi echiitiko kubva kumusoro-zvinzvimbo munzvimbo yekuchenjera muma1980 nema1990. Mumwe waBerg muUnited States aive Director weCIA Robert Gates, uyo muna 2011 aive secretary wezvekudzivirira. Akange ashanyirawo Berg muOslo.
VaGates vaive mutsoropodzi weHondo yeLibya vachipesana neMunyori weHurumende Hillary Clinton. Iye akange ato misa iyo US Africa Command's kutaurirana kwakabudirira nehurumende yeLibya. Akange asingade kutaurirana, asi hondo, uye akaita kuti Mutungamiri Barack Obama vabatanidzwe mune izvi. Paakabvunzwa kana mauto eAmerica achazotora chikamu, Gates akapindura, "Kwete chero ndiri pabasa iri." Nguva pfupi yapfuura, akazivisa kusiya basa. Alf Roar Berg anga akatsoropodza sezvaiitwa maGates.
Asi director wePRIO panguva iyoyo, Kristian Berg Harpviken, paakaziviswa nezvemusangano wangu weLibya, akaita zvine mutsindo. Akakurudzira "semina yemukati" kana pani "paArab Chitubu" pachinzvimbo, asi iye aisada musangano weveruzhinji pabhuku. Iye aisada kuverengerwa nebhuku rakatsoropodza nezvehondo, asi zvakanyanya kukosha: aisamboda kutsoropodzwa kwa Secretary of State Hillary Clinton kana kwemauto ake epasi kubva kuQatar, iyo yainge yaita basa rakakosha muhondo. Harpviken akange aita hurukuro kuPRIO negurukota rezvekunze reQatar. Uye murume waClinton muOslo, Mumiriri Barry White, anga ari muenzi kumubato wega wega wekuzvarwa wePIRIO.
PRIO yakagadzwa muUnited States
PRIO yakanga yagadzawo Runyararo Research Endowment (PRE) muUnited States. Bhodhi iri raive neMutungamiri weCentral Command, Mutungamiri Bill Clinton, General Anthony Zinni. Akange atungamira kubhomba kweIraq muna 1998 (Operation Desert Fox). Mukufananidza nekubata chinzvimbo chebhodhi muPR, aive sachigaro webhodhi muUSA pamwe pamwe anogadzira zvombo akashata kwazvo pasi rese, BAE Systems, iyo yatove muma1990 yakanga yapa machinda eSaudi chiokomuhomwe muhurongwa hwemamirioni zana nemaNorway kroner pamutengo wemari yanhasi.
Sachigaro wePRIO-yakasimbiswa PRE aive Mutungamiri Clinton's Under Secretary weMauto Joe Reeder, uyo aive abatsira kubhadhara Hillary Clinton mushandirapamwe wemutungamiri wenyika. Akange ashanda mubhodhi reUS National Defense Industrial Association uye atove mwedzi mumwechetewo pakatanga hondo yeIraq, aiita zvibvumirano muIraq. Akange abata chinzvimbo chepamutemo chekambani yekumanikidza iyo mu2011 yakashambadzira evapanduki Hondo yeLibya.
Panogona kuita kunge paine hukama pakati pePRIO kusada kushoropodza hondo muLibya uye kubatana kwePRIO nevemhuri yaClinton yemasoja-maindasitiri network. Asi bhodhi rePRE raisanganisirawo aimbova gavhuna weRepublican uye kuonana nePRIO, David Beasley, ava mukuru weWorld Food Program uye weNobel Peace Prize laurate wa2020. Akasarudzwa pachinzvimbo ichi nemutungamiriri weMutungamiriri wenyika VaTrump aimbova mumiriri weUN Nikki Haley, uyo Hillary Clinton, anga atyisidzira kurwa "hondo yekubatsira" kurwisa Syria. Chero iri tsananguro, kuferefeta kwandakaita muhondo idzi kwanga kusinga zivikanwe nehutungamiriri hwePRIO.
Mune e-mail musi wa14 Ndira 2013, Director Harpviken vakatsanangura bhuku rangu reSweden paLibya Hondo se "rakanyanya kunetsa". Akakumbira "mhando yekuvimbiswa kwehunhu" kuitira kuti PRIO igone "kudzivirira kukanganisa kwakafanana" mune ramangwana. Kunyange PRIO yakawana bhuku rangu reLibya risingagamuchirike, ndakadzidzisa paHondo yeLibya kumusangano wepagore weGLOBSEC muBratislava. Shamwari yangu padare iri aive mumwe wevabatsiri vepedyo Secretary. Pakati pevatori vechikamu paive nemakurukota uye vanachipangamazano ezvekuchengetedza, senge Zbigniew Brzezinski.
Kuparadzira hondo kuMiddle East ne Africa
Nhasi tinoziva kuti hondo muna 2011 yakaparadza Libya kwemakumi emakore anotevera. Zvombo zvenyika yeLibya zvakapararira kuvaIslam vane mukurumbira muMiddle East neNorth Africa. Zvinopfuura zviuru gumi zvemakesi epasi-kumhepo ekupfura ndege zvakazopedzisira zvava mumaoko emagandanga akasiyanasiyana. Mazana evarwi vane zvombo uye nhamba hombe yezvombo zvakatamiswa kubva kuBenghazi kuenda kuAleppo muSyria nemhedzisiro ine njodzi. Hondo dzevagari vemunyika idzi, muLibya, Mali neSyria, dzaive mhedzisiro yekuparadzwa kwenyika yeLibya.
Chipangamazano waHillary Clinton, Sidney Blumenthal akanyora kuti kukunda muLibya kunogona kuvhura nzira yekukunda muSyria, sekunge kuti idzi hondo dzaingova kuenderera kwehondo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakatanga neIraq uye dzaizoenderera neLibya, Siria, Rebhanoni uye kupera ne Iran. Hondo yekurwisa Libya yakasimudzirawo nyika dzakaita seNorth Korea kuti dziwedzere kufarira kwavo zvombo zvenyukireya. Libya yakanga yapedza chirongwa chayo chenyukireya muna 2003 ichipesana nezvivimbiso kubva kuUnited States neBritain kuti vasarwise. Hazvina kumboitika zvishoma, ivo vakarwisa. North Korea yakaziva kuti US-Britain vimbiso yakanga isina basa. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo Hondo yeLibya yakava simba rekutyaira kuwanda kwezvombo zvenyukireya.
Mumwe anogona kubvunza kuti nei PRIO, nevadzidzi avo vekare vanga vachitsoropodza hondo dzese dzechisimba uye vasina kunge vari vepedyo shamwari dzezvombo zvenyukireya, yava kutsvaga kumisa kutsoropodza kwehondo yakadaro uye panguva imwechete inozvibatanidza chimwe chinonetsa chikamu chemauto-maindasitiri yakaoma?
Asi kuvandudzwa uku kunogona kuratidza kugadzirisa kwakawanda mukati memunharaunda yekutsvaga. Masangano ekutsvagisa anofanirwa kupihwa mari, uye kubva kwakatenderedza gore ra2000, vaongorori vanodikanwa kuti vawane yavo mari. Ipapo ivo zvakare vaifanirwa kuchinjisa yavo yekutsvagisa uye mhedzisiro kune vezvemari zviremera. Munguva yePRIO masikati, zvaiita sezvakanyanya kukosha kukurukura maitiro ekubhadhara mapurojekiti pane kukurukura nyaya chaidzo dzekutsvaga.
Asi ini zvakare ndinotenda kune zvimwe, kunyanya, zvikonzero zvePRIO shanduko yakakura.
"Hondo Chete"
Chekutanga, PRIO ine mukati memakore gumi apfuura yanga ichiwedzera kuita nyaya ye "hondo chete", umo iyo Zvinyorwa zveMitemo yeMasoja iri pakati. Magazini iyi yakagadziridzwa naHenrik Syse naGreg Reichberg (vakagarawo paPRE board). Kufunga kwavo kwakanangana nepfungwa yaThomas Aquinas ye "hondo chete," zano rakakoshawo muMutungamiri Barack Obama weNobel Peace Prize yekugashira kutaura kwa2009.
Asi hondo yega yega inotsvaga mvumo "yekubatsira". Muna 2003, zvakanzi Iraq yaive nezvombo zvekuparadza vanhu vazhinji. Uye muLibya muna 2011, zvakanzi Muammar Gaddafi akatyisidzira kuuraya vanhu muBenghazi. Asi ese ari maviri mienzaniso yeakanyanya disinformation. Uye zvakare, mhedzisiro yehondo zvakasikwa haigone kufanotaura. Izwi rekuti "hondo ingori" rave richishandiswa kubvira 2000 kupa mvumo kuhondo dzinoverengeka dzechisimba. Muzviitiko zvese, izvi zvakave nemhedzisiro.
Muna 1997, PRIO aimbova director Dan Smith akandibvunza kana tichifanira kuhaya Henrik Syse, anozivikanwa muNorway anochengetedza chimiro. Ini ndaiziva maneja weSyse wezve doctorate, uye ndaiona iri zano rakanaka. Ini ndaifunga Syse yaigona kupa yakakura hupamhi kuna PRIO. Ndakanga ndisingazive ipapo, kuti izvi, pamwe chete nemapoinzi andinopokana pazasi, zvaizopedzisira zvabvisa chero kufarira realpolitik, kubviswa kwemauto uye kufumurwa kwemauto-ezvematongerwo enyika.
"Runyararo rugare"
Kechipiri, PRIO vaongorori vakabatana ne Nyaya Yokutsvakurudza Rugare yakanga yagadzira dzidziso ye "rugare rwegutsaruzhinji". Ivo vaitenda kuti vaigona kuratidza kuti nyika dzegutsaruzhinji hadzirwisane. Nekudaro, zvakave pachena kuti zvaive kumurwi, United States, kutsanangura ndiyani ane demokrasi kana kwete, seSerbia. Pamwe United States yanga isiri yedemokrasi pachayo. Zvimwe dzimwe nharo uko kwakakurumbira, senge hukama hwehupfumi.
Asi kune avo vane neo-vanochengetedza, dzidziso ye "rugare rwegutsaruzhinji" yakauya kuzosimbisa chero hondo yechisimba. Hondo yekurwisana neIraq kana Libya inogona "kuvhura democracy" uye nekudaro nerunyararo mune ramangwana, vakadaro. Zvakare, mumwe kana mumwe muongorori kuPRIO akatsigira iri zano. Kwavari, pfungwa ye "hondo chete" yaienderana nedzidziso ye "rugare rwegutsaruzhinji", izvo mukuita zvakatungamira kuchinyorwa chekuti West ngaatenderwe kodzero yekupindira munyika dzisiri dzekuMadokero.
Kudzikiswa
Chechitatu, vashandi vanoverengeka vePRIO vakafurirwa nenyanzvi yeAmerica Gene Sharp. Akashandira shanduko yehutongi nekukurudzira kuratidzira kukuru kuti vabvise "hudzvanyiriri". "Ruvara rwekuchinja" rwakadai rwaive nerutsigiro rweUnited States uye yaive nzira yekudzikamisa yakanangana zvakanyanya nenyika dzakabatana neMoscow kana Beijing. Ivo havana kufunga nezvekuti kusvika papi kugadzikana kwakadai kunogona kukonzera kukakavara kwepasirese. Sharp yaive imwe nguva inodiwa nehutungamiriri hwePRIO yeNobel Peace Prize.
Pfungwa yakakosha yaSharp yaive yekuti nemudzvanyiriri nevanhu vake vadzingwa, musuwo wedemokrasi waizovhurwa. Zvakazoitika kuti izvi zvaive zviri nyore. KuEjipitori, pfungwa dzaSharp dzinonzi dzakatora chinzvimbo muArab Chitubu uye kuMuslim Brotherhood. Asi kutora kwavo kwakatowedzera kuwedzera dambudziko. MuLibya neSyria, zvakanzi varatidziri vane runyararo vaipokana nemhirizhonga yeudzvanyiriri. Asi varatidziri ava "vakatsigirwa" kubva pazuva rekutanga nemhirizhonga yemasoja evapanduki veIslam. Kutsigirwa kwenhepfenyuro yekumukira hakuna kumbobvira kwatarisana nemasangano akadai sePRIO, yaive nemhedzisiro ine njodzi.
Musangano wepagore wePRIO
Chechina, kutora chikamu kwePRIO mumisangano yepasi rese yekutsvagisa runyararo uye musangano wePugwash muma1980s nema1990 kwatsiviwa nekutora nhanho mumisangano yezvematongerwo enyika yeUS kunyanya. Musangano mukuru, wepagore wePRIO parizvino ndiyo International Studies Association (ISA) Musangano, inoitwa gore rega rega muUnited States kana kuCanada ine vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu - kunyanya kubva kuUnited States, asi zvakare kubva kuEurope nedzimwe nyika. Mutungamiri weISA anosarudzwa kwegore rimwe chete uye anga ari muAmerica kubva 6,000 aine mashoma mashoma: Muna 1959-2008, PRIO's Nils Petter Gleditsch aive mutungamiri wenyika.
Vatsvagiri vePRIO vakasanganiswazve nemayunivhesiti nemasangano ekutsvagisa muUnited States, senge Brookings Institution uye Jamestown Foundation (yakavambwa mu
1984 nerutsigiro rweiye weCIA Director William Casey). PRIO yave kuwedzera "American" nevazhinji vatsvakurudzi veAmerica. Ndinoda kuwedzera kuti iyo Norwegian Institute of International Affairs ( NUPI ), kune rumwe rutivi, yakawanda «European».
Kubva kuVietnam kuenda kuAfghanistan
Chechipiri, kuvandudzwa kwePRIO mubvunzo wekusiyana kwedzinza. Nepo chizvarwa changu chakaona ma1960 nema1970 'US-akatanga mabhomba uye kubhomba kweVietnam uye kuurawa kwemamiriyoni evanhu, hutungamiriri hwaPRIO hwakazotevera hwakaratidzirwa nehondo yeSoviet muAfghanistan uye nerutsigiro rweUS kuvapanduki veIslam mukurwisa Soviet Union. . Mukutanga kwema1990, PRIO akazotevera director Kristian Berg Harpviken anga ari mutungamiri weNorway Afghanistan Committee muPeshawar (muPakistan padhuze neAfghanistan), uko masangano erubatsiro muma1980 aigara pamwe chete nevevashandi vehungwaru neveIslam.
Hillary Clinton akataura muna2008 kuti pakange paine chibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika muUnited States muma1980 ekutsigira veIslamist - sekutsigira kwavakaita maIslam muLibhiya muna 2011. Asi muma1980, zvainge zvisati zvazivikanwa kuti United States ne iyo CIA yaive kumashure kwehondo muAfghanistan kuburikidza nekutsigira kwavo kumukira kutanga kwaChikunguru 1979, nechinangwa chekunyengera maSoviet kutsigira mubatsiri wavo muKabul. Neiyi nzira United States yakave "nemukana wekupa Soviet Union Hondo yayo yeVietnam", kutaura chipangamazano weMutungamiri Carter wezvekuchengetedza Zbigniew Brzezinski (onawo Munyori wezveDziviriro akazotevera Robert Gates). Brzezinski aive iye ave nebasa rekuvhiya. Mune ma1980s, zvaisazivikanwa zvakare kuti hutungamiriri hwese hwemauto eSoviet hwaipokana nehondo.
Kune chizvarwa chitsva kuPRIO, United States nevapanduki vechiIslam vakaonekwa sevatsigiri pakurwisana neMoscow.
Iwo chaiwo esimba
Ini ndakanyora dissertation yangu yechiremba muma1980 paUS Maritime Strategy uye kuchamhembe kweEurope geopolitics. Yakaburitswa sebhuku muna 1989 uye yaive pachikamu chedzidzo kuUS Naval War College. Muchidimbu, ini ndaive mudzidzi aiziva "chokwadi chesimba." Asi zvine mutsindo, ndakaona nechekare mukutanga kwema1980 mukana wekutsvaga pakati pesimba rakakura saWilly Brandt, uye gare gare Olof Palme muSweden, vakazviona. Mushure meCold War, takakurukura nemadiplomate nezvekuwana mhinduro inoshanda kumabvazuva-kumadokero kupatsanura muHigh North. Izvi zvakatungamira kune yakazove Barents Dunhu Kubatana.
Muna 1994, ndakabatana bhuku reChirungu rakanzi Dunhu reBarents, nemipiro kubva kune vaongorori uye Gurukota rezvekunze reNorway Johan Jørgen Holst uye waanoshanda naye weRussia Andrei Kosyrev - aine chirevo chevaimbova Gurukota rezvekunze Thorvald Stoltenberg. Ini zvakare ndakanyora nekugadzirisa mabhuku nezveEuropean budiriro pamwe nekuchengetedza mutemo, uye nekuenda kumisangano uye kudzidzisa pasi rese.
Bhuku rangu paEuropean geopolitics muna 1997 raive pachikoro cheOxford University. Ini ndakatora chinzvimbo sechiuto muhurumende yekuSweden yekuferefetwa kwepasi pegungwa muna 2001, uye mushure memabhuku angu emabasa epasi pegungwa muna 2001 na2004, basa rangu rakabata chinzvimbo chakakosha kumushumo weDanish Denmark munguva yeCold War (2005). Yaireva yangu, uye mukuru weCIA munyori wenhoroondo Benjamin Fischer, mabhuku nemishumo, semupiro wakakosha mukunzwisisa chirongwa cheMutungamiri Reagan chekushanda kwepfungwa.
Yangu nyowani "yepasi pegungwa bhuku" (2019) yakavambwa muna Kukadzi 2020 kuNUPI, kwete kuPRIO, nezvakataurwa kubva kune aimbova director kumasangano ese, Sverre Lodgaard.
Anogona musoro wekutsvagisa
Kutevera kugadzwa kwangu saPurofesa (Mutsvagiri 1, akaenzana nemadhigirii maviri) muna 2000, ndakanyora mabhuku nezvinyorwa ndikaongorora zvinyorwa zveKennedy Chikoro cheHurumende paHarvard University neRoyal United Service Institute. Ndakagara pakomiti yezano yejenari kuLondon Chikoro cheEconomics uye kubhodhi reNordic International Studies Association. Muna 2008, ndakanyorera chinzvimbo chitsva semutungamiri wekutsvaga kuNUPI. Mutungamiriri Jan Egeland anga asina hunyanzvi hwekufunda hunodiwa. Dare repasi rese rakagadzwa kuti riongorore vanyoreri. Yakawana kuti vatatu chete vavo ndivo vakakodzera chinzvimbo ichi: muongorori weBelgian, Iver B. Neumann kuNUPI, neni pachangu. Neumann akazopedzisira awana chinzvimbo ichi - semumwe wevadzidzi vane hunyanzvi pasi rose mukati me "Dzidziso Dzepasi Pose".
Zvinoshamisa kuti, ini pandakaongororwa seanokodzera kutungamira tsvagiridzo kuNorway Institute of International Affairs, director wangu kuPRIO aida kundimanikidza "supervisor supervisor". Zviitiko zvakaita seizvi zvinogona kudzikisira vanhu vazhinji kubva kune chero mhando rebasa rakakomba.
Kutsvagisa ibasa rine hungwaru. Vanotsvagurudza vanowanzo gadzira zvinyorwa zvavo zvichibva pane zvakataurwa nevavanoshanda navo. Chinyorwa ichocho chinotumirwa kumagazini yezvidzidzo kana muparidzi, uyo anotendera mareferenzi avo asingazivikanwe kuramba kana kubvuma mupiro (ne "vezera kuongorora"). Izvi zvinowanzoda basa rekuwedzera. Asi iyi tsika yehunyanzvi yekudzidza yanga isina kukwana manejimendi ePRIO. Vaida kuongorora zvese zvandakanyora.
Chinyorwa mu Modern Times (Ny Tid)
Musi waNdira 26, 2013, ndakashevedzwa kuhofisi yemutungamiriri mushure mekunge ndavhenekwa nezveSyria zvakadhindwa muNorway vhiki nevhiki Ny Tid (Mazuva Ano Mazuva). Ndakanga ndataura nezveMumiriri weUN kuSyria, Robert Mood, uye aimbova Secretary-General weUN Kofi Annan, avo vange vataura kuti nhengo nhatu dzeSecurity Council dzakabvumirana nezve "kugadzirisa zvematongerwo enyika muSyria" musi wa5 Chikumi 30, asi nyika dzekuMadokero dzakange dzakanganisa "pamusangano wakatevera" muNew York. ZvePRIO, kudzokorora kwangu kwavari kwaive kusingagamuchirwe.
Musi wa14 Kukadzi 2013, PRIO yakandikumbira mune e-mail kuti ndigamuchire "matanho ekuvimbiswa kwemhando [ayo] ane chekuita nezvinyorwa zvese zvakadhindwa, kusanganisira zvinyorwa zvipfupi senge up-eds [sic]". Ini ndaifanira kupihwa munhu aifanira kuongorora zvese zvinyorwa zvangu zvedzidzo uye op-eds vasati vatumirwa kunze kwemba. Yakanga iri de facto yekugadzira chinzvimbo se "wezvematongerwo enyika". Ndinofanira kubvuma kuti ndakatanga kunetseka kurara.
Zvisinei, ndakawana tsigiro kubva kumapurofesa munyika dzinoverengeka. Sangano reNorway trade union (NTL) rakati hazvigoneke kuve nemutemo wakasarudzika wemushandi mumwe chete. Asi kuzvipira uku kudzora zvese zvandakanyora, kwaive kwakasimba zvekuti kunogona kungotsanangurwa nekumanikidza kubva kumaAmerican. Anokwikwidza pachinzvimbo seNational Security Adviser kuna President Ronald Reagan, pasina mubvunzo, ndiudzei kuti zvandakanyora "zvaizoguma" kwandiri.
Nguva yakazotevera, yakazoita isinganzwisisike. Pese pandaifanira kupa hurukuro kumasangano emitemo yekuchengetedza, masangano aya akabva angobatwa nevamwe vanhu vaida kumisa hurukuro iyi. Ini ndakadzidza kuti kana iwe ukasimudza mibvunzo nezve huchokwadi hwehondo dzeUS, iwe unomanikidzwa kubuda kubva kutsvagisa uye midhiya masangano. Mutori wenhau anonyanya kuzivikanwa weAmerica Seymour Hersh akadzingwa kunze The New York Times uyezve kubuda The New Yorker. Zvinyorwa zvake pamusoro peMi Lai kuurayiwa (Vietnam, 1968) uye Abu Ghraib (Iraq, 2004) zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya muUnited States. Asi Hersh haachakwanise kutsikisa munyika yekumusha kwake (ona chinyorwa chakapfuura cheMazuva Ano uye iyi Whistleblower yekuwedzera peji 26). Glenn Greenwald, aishanda naEdward Snowden uye akabatana The Intercept, akasundidzirwawo kubuda yake yega magazini muna Gumiguru 2020 mushure mekuongororwa.
Tsigiro yemubatanidzwa
Ndakawana chinzvimbo chenguva dzose kuPRIO muna 1988. Kuva nechinzvimbo nekusingaperi kubva kumubatanidzwa wevashandi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kune chero muongorori anoda kuchengetedza imwe nhanho yerusununguko rwezvidzidzo. Zvinoenderana nemitemo yaPRIO, vese vaongorori vane «rusununguko ruzere rwekutaura». Asi pasina mubatanidzwa unogona kukutsigira nekutyisidzira kuenda kudare, mumwe muongorori haana kana chaanotaura.
Muchirimo cha2015, manejimendi ePRIO anga afunga kuti ndinofanira kurega basa. Ndakati izvi zvaisave kwavari uye kuti ndaifanira kutaura nesangano rangu, NTL. Mukuru wangu chaiye akabva apindura kuti hazvina basa kuti mubatanidzwa wati chii. Sarudzo yekurega basa yanga yatove kare. Mazuva ese, kwemwedzi wakazara, aipinda muhofisi mangu kuzokurukura nezvekurega kwangu basa. Ndakaona kuti izvi hazvaigona kumira.
Ndakataura kune aimbova sachigaro webhodhi rePRIO, Bernt Bull. Iye akati "iwe haufanire kufunga nezvokusangana nevatungamiriri vega. Unofanira kuunza kubatana newe ». Kutenda kune vamiririri vevamiriri veTLL vakangwara, vakataurirana nePRIO kwemwedzi, ndakawana chibvumirano munaNovember 2015. Takazogumisa kuti ndaizorega basa muna Chivabvu 2016 mukutsinhana nekuenderera mberi sePurofesa Muzvinafundo Emeritus "paPRIO" nekugona kwakazara ku " komputa, IT- rutsigiro, e-mail uye mukana kuraibhurari sezvakaita vamwe vaongorori paPRIO ”.
Mukuda kwekurega kwangu basa, seminar «Uchangamire, Subs uye PSYOP» yakarongwa muna Chivabvu 2016 muOslo. Chibvumirano chedu chakange chandipa mukana wehofisi nzvimbo kunyangwe ndasiya basa. Panguva yemusangano nemutungamiriri musi wa31 Kurume 2017, NTL yakakurudzira kuti hofisi yangu kontrakiti yemahofisi iwedzerwe kusvika kunonoka kwa2018, sezvo ini ndakanga ndapihwa mari yakakodzera. Mutungamiri wePRIO akati aifanirwa kutaurirana nevamwe vasati vatora danho. Mazuva matatu gare gare, akadzoka mushure mekuenda kuWashington mukati mevhiki. Akataura kuti kuwedzerwa kwechibvumirano hakuna kutambirwa. Chete mushure mekunge NTL yatyisidzirwazve nedanho repamutemo, patakasvika pachibvumirano.
