NaKrishen Mehta, American Komiti yeUS-Russia Chibvumirano, May 4, 2021
Kuuya kubva kune iri kusimukira nyika, ini ndine maonero akati siyanei nezvirango nekuti zvakandigonesa kuona zviito zveUS kubva kune ese ari maviri uye asina kunaka maonero.
Kutanga iyo yakanaka: Mushure mekuzvimirira kweIndia muna1947, akati wandei emasangano ayo (kusanganisira maUnijiniya maYunivhesiti, Zvikoro zvemishonga, zvichingodaro) vaive nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi uye rwemari kubva kuUnited States. Izvi zvakauya nenzira yerubatsiro rwakananga, kubatana pamwe nemasangano muUS, kushanyira vadzidzi, uye kumwe kuchinjana. Kukura muIndia takaona izvi sechiratidzo chakanaka cheAmerica. Iwo maInstitute of Technology, kwandakanga ndiine mukana wekugamuchira degree rangu reinjiniya zvakare vakapedza kudzidza vadzidzi vakaita saSundar Photosi, mukuru wazvino weMicrosoft, naSatya Nadella, iyezvino CEO weMicrosoft. Kukura kweSilicon Valley kwaive muchikamu nekuda kwezviito zvekupa uye kufarira izvo zvakadzidziswa vadzidzi mune dzimwe nyika. Nyanzvi idzi hadzina kungoshandira nyika dzadzo chete asi dzakaenderera mberi nekugovana tarenda ravo uye nemabhizimusi avo muno muUnited States. Yaive kukunda-kuhwina mativi ese, uye ichimiririra yakanakisa yeAmerica.
Zvino kune izvo zvisina kunaka: Nepo vamwe vedu vakapedza kudzidza vakauya kuzoshanda muU.S., vamwe vakaenda kunoshanda mune dzakasiyana dzakabudirira hupfumi senge Iraq, Iran, Syria, Indonesia, nedzimwe nyika. Vandinodzidza navo vakaenda kunyika idzodzo, uye vandaigara ndichitaurirana navo, vakaona rimwe divi kumutemo weAmerica. Avo avo vakabatsira kuvaka zvivakwa muIraq neSyria, semuenzaniso, vakazviona zvakaparadzwa zvakanyanya nezviito zveUS. Miti yekurapa mvura, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa, migero yekudiridza, migwagwa mikuru, zvipatara, zvikoro uye makoreji, izvo vamwe vezera rangu vakabatsira kuvaka (kushanda padhuze neinjiniya veIraq) zvakashandurwa kuita dongo. Vazhinji vandaishanda navo mune zvekurapa vakaona dambudziko revanhu rakapararira nekuda kwezvirango izvo zvakakonzera kushomeka kwemvura yakachena, magetsi, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, insulin, mazino anesthetics, nedzimwe nzira dzakakosha dzekurarama. Vaive neruzivo rwekuona vana vachifira mumaoko nekuda kwekushaya mishonga yekurwisa cholera, typhus, gwirikwiti, nezvimwewo zvirwere. Ivo vamwewo vakapedza kudzidza vakapupurira mamirioni avanhu vachitambura zvisina basa nekuda kwezvirango zvedu. Yakanga isiri kuhwina-kuhwina kune ese mativi, uye haina kumiririra yakanakisa yeAmerica.
Chii chatinoona chakatikomberedza nhasi? IUS yakatemerwa zvirango pamusoro penyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu, padyo nechetatu chevagari venyika. Pakatanga denda kutanga kwegore ra30, Hurumende yedu yakaedza kudzivirira Iran kutenga masiki ekufema kubva mhiri kwemakungwa, pamwe nemidziyo yekupisa yekufungidzira inogona kuona hutachiona mumapapu. Isu takavhotesa chikwereti chemadhora mabhiriyoni mashanu emadhora akange akumbirwa neIran kubva kuIMF kutenga zvigadzirwa nemishonga kubva kumusika wekunze. Venezuela ine chirongwa chinonzi CLAP, inova chirongwa chekuparadzira chikafu kumamiriyoni matanhatu emhuri mumavhiki maviri kana kupfuura, ichipa zvinhu zvakakosha senge chikafu, mishonga, gorosi, mupunga, nezvimwe zvinodyiwa. IUS yanga ichiedza kakawanda kudzongonyedza chirongwa chakakosha ichi senzira yekukuvadza hurumende yaNicolas Maduro. Nemhuri imwe neimwe ichigashira mapaketi aya pasi peCLAP ine nhengo ina, chirongwa ichi chinotsigira dzinosvika mamirioni makumi maviri nemana emhuri, kubva muhuwandu hwevanhu makumi maviri nemasere muVenezuela. Asi masanctions edu anogona kuita kuti chirongwa ichi chisakwanise kuenderera mberi. Iyi ndiyo US pazvakanyanya? Kesari Sanctions pamusoro peSyria iri kukonzera dambudziko rakakura revanhu munyika iyoyo. 2020% yevagari ikozvino yawira pasi pehurombo hwehunhu nekuda kweSanctions. Kubva pamutemo wezvekunze maonero masanctions anoita kunge chikamu chakakosha chetu-kit, zvisinei nedambudziko revanhu iro rinokonzeresa. James Jeffreys, mumiriri wedu mukuru ikoko kwemakore mazhinji, akataura kuti chinangwa chemasanctions ndechekushandura Siria kuita quagmire yeRussia neIran. Asi hapana kuzivikanwa kwedambudziko revanhu rakakonzerwa nevanhuwo zvavo veSyria. Isu tinotora minda yemafuta eSyria kudzivirira nyika kuti iwane zviwanikwa zvemari kuti igadziriswe, uye tinotora ivhu rayo rakaorera rekurima kuvadzivirira kuwana chikafu. Iyi America iri pakunakisisa here?
Ngatitendeukire kuRussia. Musi waApril 15 US yakazivisa masanctions kuRussia Government Debt yezvinonzi kupindira musarudzo dza2020 uye nezve cyber kurwisa. Zvidimbu semhedzisiro yezvirango izvi, musi waApril 27th, Russian Central Bank yakazivisa kuti mitengo yemubereko ichawedzera kubva pa4.5% kusvika pa5%. Uku kutamba nemoto. Kunyange chikwereti cheRussia Changamire chiri madhora zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi masere, fungidzira kana mamiriro acho akadzoserwa. IUS ine chikwereti chayo chenyika padyo ne $ 260 Tiririyoni, iyo inodarika makumi matatu muzana inobatwa nenyika dzekunze. Ko kana China, Japan, India, Brazil, Russia, nedzimwe nyika vakaramba kuramba chikwereti chavo kana kusarudza kutengesa? Panogona kuve nekukwira kukuru kwemitero, kubhuroka, kushaya mabasa, uye kushomeka kunoshamisa kwedhora reUS. Hupfumi hweUS hunogona kuonesa hupfumi hwepasi kana nyika dzese dzikabuda. Kana isu tisingade izvi pachedu, nei tichizvida kune dzimwe nyika? IUS yakave nezvirango kuRussia nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, uye zvizhinji zvacho zvinobva mukukonana kweUkraine muna 26. Hupfumi hweRussia hunongova zvikamu zvisere kubva muzana zvehupfumi hweUS, pa $ 30 Tiririyoni zvichienzaniswa neupfumi hwedu hwemadhora makumi maviri nematatu emadhora, uye zvakadaro tinoda kuvakuvadza zvakare. Russia ine zviwanikwa zvitatu zvikuru zvemari, uye isu tine zvirango kune ese iwo: yavo oiri uye gasi chikamu, indasitiri yavo yekutengesa zvombo, uye chikamu chemari chinoita kuti hupfumi huenderere mberi. Mukana une vechidiki wekutanga mabhizinesi, kukwereta mari, kutora njodzi, wakasungirirwa muchikamu chavo chemari uye izvozvi izvo zviri pasi pekutambudzika kukuru nekuda kwezvirango. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinodiwa nevanhu veAmerica here?
Pane zvikonzero zvishoma zvakakosha nei mutemo wedu wese wesanctions uchifanira kuongororwa. Izvi ndezvi: 1) Masanctions yave nzira yekuve ne 'mutemo wezvekunze pane zvakachipa' pasina mhedzisiro yemudzimba, uye ichibvumidza ichi 'chiito chehondo' kutsiva kudyidzana, 2) Masanctions anogona kunzi akatonyanya KUNYANYA kupfuura hondo, nekuti pa zvirinani muhondo kune mamwe maprotocol kana magungano ekukuvadza vanhuwo zvavo. Pasi pehutongi hweSanctions, vanhuwo zvavo vanokuvadzwa nguva dzose, uye zviyero zvizhinji zviri kutarisana nevanhuwo zvavo, 3) Zvirango inzira yekupfugama nyika dzinopokana nesimba redu, hegemony yedu, maonero edu asina kufanira epasi, 4) Kubva masanctions haana timeline, izvi 'zviito zvehondo' zvinogona kuenderera kwenguva yakareba pasina chinonetsa kuHurumende kana kuCongress. Vanova chikamu chedu Nokusingaperi Hondo. 5) Veruzhinji veAmerica vanowira kuSanctions nguva dzese, nekuti dzakaputirwa pasi pekunyepedzera kwekodzero dzevanhu, zvichimiririra ukuru hwetsika dzedu pane vamwe. Veruzhinji havanyatsonzwisisa kukuvadza kunoitwa nemaSanctions edu, uye nhaurirano dzakadai dzinowanzo chengetwa kunze kwenhepfenyuro yedu. 6) Nekuda kwezvirango, isu tinoisa njodzi yekuparadzanisa vechidiki munyika dzakatarisana, nekuti hupenyu hwavo neramangwana ravo zvinokanganiswa nekuda kwezvirango. Vanhu ava vanogona kuve vanobatana nesu kuitira ramangwana rine runyararo nerunyararo, uye isu hatigone kurasikirwa nehukama hwavo, rutsigiro rwavo, uye kuremekedza kwavo.
Saka ndinogona kuti ndiyo nguva yekuti mutemo wedu wezvirango uongororwe neCongress neHurumende, kuti pave nekukurukurirana kuruzhinji pamusoro pavo, uye kuti isu tidzokere kune kudyidzana pane kuenderera neiyi 'Nokusingaperi Hondo' kuburikidza nezvirango ayo angori maitiro ehondo yehupfumi. Ini zvakare ndinotarisa kure kwatakauya kubva pakuvaka zvikoro nemayunivhesiti kunze kwenyika, tichitumira varume vedu vadiki nemhandara senhengo dzerunyararo, kunzvimbo yazvino ye800 mabheseni emauto munyika makumi manomwe uye masanctions panenge chetatu chevagari vepasi. . Masanctions haamiriri akanakisa ayo vanhu vekuAmerican vanofanira kupa, uye iwo haamiriri rupo rwevanhu uye tsitsi dzevanhu veAmerica. Nezvikonzero izvi, iyo sanction hurumende inoda kupera uye nguva yacho yave ikozvino.
Krishen Mehta inhengo yeBhodi yeAACURA (American Committee yeUS Russia Chibvumirano). Iye aimbove mudiwa kuPwC uye parizvino ari Senior Global Justice Fellow kuYale University.
