Kudzidza Kubva kuEgypt Revolution
NaDavid Swanson
Ko kana vanhu vemuUnited States vakasvika pakunzwisisa “revolution” sechimwe chinhu chinopfuura sirogani yemushandirapamwe musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika?
Bhuku idzva raAhmed Salah, Iwe Uri Kusungwa Nekuda Kufunga Kwechinjo yeEjipita (Memoir), kutanga rinoratidza zita raro pacharo sokuwedzeredza, asi mukufamba kwebhuku rinoshanda kurisimbisa. Salah zvechokwadi aibatanidzwa semunhu wese mukuvaka veruzhinji muEgypt kwemakore, zvichizoguma nekupidigura Hosni Mubarak, kunyangwe nhoroondo dzake dzese dzekurwa pakati pemapoka evaratidziri dzinenge dziine mamwe maakaundi kubva kune mumwe nemumwe anobatanidzwa.
Chokwadika, kuva nehanya nechimurenga hakuna kufanana nounyanzvi hwokuva nounyanzvi hwokuvaka. Izvo zvakanyanya zvekubhejera, kushanda kugadzirira vanhu kuita zvinobudirira kana uye kana nguva ikamuka iyo vanhu vanoda kuita - uyezve kushanda kuvaka pane icho chiitiko kuitira kuti denderedzwa rinotevera rirambe richinyanya kushanda. Kukwanisa kugadzira nguva idzodzo kwakangofanana nekuyedza kudzora mamiriro ekunze, uye ndinofunga kuti zvinofanirwa kuramba zvakadaro kudzamara mafomu matsva enhau enhau anyatsoita midhiya.
Salah anotanga nyaya yake yekuvaka kwekufamba nechisimba chakakura icho kwenguva yekutanga mumakore mazhinji chakafuridzira vanhu muCairo kuti vapinde mumigwagwa vachiratidzira: kurwiswa kweUS kuIraq muna 2003. Nekuratidzira mhosva yeUS, vanhu vaigonawo. kupikisa kupindira kwehurumende yavo ine huori mairi. Vaigona kukurudzirana kuti vatende chimwe chinhu chingaitwe pamusoro pehurumende yakanga yabata vaIjipita mukutya nekunyara kwemakumi emakore.
Muna 2004, varwi veEgypt, kusanganisira Salah, vakagadzira Kefaya! (Zvakwana!) kufamba. Asi vainetseka kushandisa kodzero yekuratidzira pachena (pasina kurohwa kana kusungwa). Zvakare, George W. Bush akauya kuzonunura. Nhema dzake pamusoro pezvombo zveIraqi dzadonha, uye akange atanga kutaura zvisina musoro nezvehondo inounza democracy kuMiddle East. Iyo rhetoric, uye kutaurirana kubva kuUS State department, zvakapesvedzera hurumende yeEjipitori kuzvidzora muhutsinye hwayo hwekudzvinyirira. Kukwirawo kuenda kunonunura inzira itsva dzekutaura, kunyanya setiraiti terevhizheni seAl Jazeera, uye mablogiki aigona kuverengwa nevatori venhau vekunze.
Kefaya nerimwe boka rainzi Youth for Change iro Salah akatungamira vakashandisa kuseka uye kuita kwemitambo kuti vatange kuita kuti zvigamuchirwe kutaura zvakaipa nezvaMubarak. Vakagadzira kuratidzira kwechimbichimbi, kudiki, uye kusingazivikanwe munzvimbo dzevarombo dzeCairo, vachienderera mberi mapurisa asati asvika. Havana kutengesa hurongwa hwavo hwepachivande nekuvazivisa painternet, uko vazhinji vekuEjipitori vaisakwanisa kuwana. Salah anotenda kuti vatori venhau vekunze vakawedzera kukosha kweinternet kwemakore nekuti zvaive nyore kwavari kuwana pane kuita zvemumigwagwa.
Varatidziri ava vakaramba vari kunze kwezvematongerwo enyika mune zvavaiona sehurongwa hwehuwori husina tariro, kunyangwe vakadzidza bato reOtpor muSerbia rakaburusa Slobodan Milosevic. Vakaronga kunyangwe paine njodzi dzakakomba, kusanganisira vasori vehurumende nevanopinda mukati, uye Salah, sevamwe vazhinji, aive achipinda nekubuda mutirongo, mune imwe nyaya achishandisa nzara kusvika aburitswa. "Kunyangwe ruzhinji ruchiita kusahadzika," Salah anonyora, "kuti vanyori vane ratidziro vanogona kuchinja chero chinhu, midziyo yekuchengetedza yeEgypt yakatibata sevapambi vevatorwa. . . . State Security yaive nevashandi vanopfuura 100,000 XNUMX vakazvipira kuongorora nekuparadza chero boka raipikisa hutongi hwaMubarak.
Momentum yekuramba veruzhinji yakadzika uye yakayerera nekufamba kwemakore. Muna 2007 yakawedzera kusimbaradzwa nevashandi vairamwa mabasa uye vanhu vachiita mhirizhonga nekuda kwekushaya chingwa. Sangano rekutanga rakasununguka revashandi muEgypt rakaumbwa muna 2009. Mapoka akasiyana-siyana akashanda kuronga kuratidzira kwevanhu vose musi waApril 6, 2008, panguva iyo basa Salah akaziva basa idzva uye rinokosha rakaitwa ne Facebook. Zvakadaro, vachinetseka kuzivisa veruzhinji nezvekuramwa mabasa kwakawanda muna Kubvumbi 6, vatsigiri vakakurudzirwa nehurumende iyo yakazivisa mumapepanhau ehurumende kuti hapana munhu anofanirwa kutora chikamu muhurongwa hwekuramwa mabasa musi wa 6 Kubvumbi - nekudaro vachizivisa munhu wese nezvekuvapo uye kukosha kwayo.
Salah anotsanangura sarudzo dzakawanda dzakaoma mumakore apfuura, kusanganisira kusarudza kushanda nehurumende yeUS uye kuenda kuUnited States kunokurudzira hurumende yeUS kumanikidza Egypt. Izvi zvakaisa panjodzi yekuparadza kana kukanganisa mukurumbira waSalah nevanhu vanonyatso kupokana zvinangwa zvakanaka zveUS. Asi Salah anocherekedza zviitiko zvakakosha apo mafoni kubva kuWashington angave akabvumira kuratidzira kuti kuitike.
Pane imwe nguva mukupera kwa2008 Salah anotaura nemumwe mukuru weUS National Security Council anomuudza kuti hondo yeIraq "yakasvibisa pfungwa ye'kusimudzirwa kwedemocracy" saka saka Bush aisazoita zvakawanda kusimudzira demokrasi. Inenge mibvunzo miviri inosvetukira mumusoro: Kubhomba kwemhondi kunofanira kupa zita rakashata kune chaiyo isina mhirizhonga yekusimudzira demokrasi? uye Ndirini mugehena apo Bush akambomboita zvakawanda zvekusimudzira demokrasi?
Salah nevabatsiri vakaedza kushandura rondedzero hombe dzeshamwari dzeFacebook kuita varatidziri vepasirese pasina kubudirira. Vakarwa mumwe nemumwe uye vakagumbuka. Zvadaro, muna 2011, Tunisia yakaitika. Pasina mwedzi, vanhu veTunisia (vasina rubatsiro rweUS kana kuramba kweUS, munhu angazviona) vakapidigura mudzvanyiriri wavo. Vakafuridzira vaEgipita. Iyi yaive mamiriro ekunze achigadzirira kuvhuvhuta dutu muCairo kana paine munhu aikwanisa kuziva kuti ofamba sei.
Kudanwa kwepamhepo kwezuva reshanduko musi waNdira 25 kwakatumirwa neaimbove mupurisa wekuEgypt anogara muVirginia (zvinova zvakare, sezvandinorangarira, apo vatungamiriri vemauto eEgypt vaisangana paPentagon panguva iyoyo - saka pamwe imba yangu. nyika yaive mativi ese). Salah aiziva uye akataura nemuridzo. Salah aipesana nekuita kwekukurumidza kwakadaro, asi achitenda kuti hazvidzivisike nekuda kwekusimudzira pamhepo, akaronga maitiro ekuita kuti ive yakasimba sezvinobvira.
Kuti chiitiko ichi chaive chisingadzivisike here kana kuti kwete, hazvina kujeka, nekuti Salah akabudawo ndokubvunza vanhu mumigwagwa uye akashaya chero akanzwa nezvehurongwa. Akaonawo kuti vanhu vari munharaunda dzevarombo vainyanya kutenda nhema dzehurumende dzakauya pamusoro penhau chete dzavaikwanisa kuwana, nepo vepakati vaipfira Mubarak. Chiitiko apo mapurisa akanga auraya murume wechiduku ari pakati nepakati chakaratidza vanhu kuti vakanga vari pangozi.
Salah akaonawo kuti vanhu vazhinji vakati vachapinda mukuratidzira vakati vaizozviita chete kana vamwe vese vatanga. Vakatya kuva ivo vokutanga kupinda munzvimbo huru yaiungana vanhu. Saka, Salah nevamwe vake vakaenda kubasa vachironga mapoka madiki akati wandei kuti vatange kuratidzira munzvimbo dzisina kutaurwa munzvimbo dzepakati nepakati nemigwagwa midiki uko mapurisa aizotya kuvatevera. Tarisiro, yakaonekwa, yaive yekuti kufora kudiki kwaizokura sezvavanofamba vakananga kuTahrir Square, uye kuti kana vasvika pachikwere vaizove vakakura zvekuitora. Salah anosimbisa kuti, kunyangwe kuvepo kweTwitter neFacebook, raive izwi remuromo iro rakaita basa.
Asi munhu angatevedzera sei kurongeka kwakadaro munzvimbo yakakura seUnited States, neboka repakati rakapararira pakukura kwemweya? Uye yaizokwikwidza sei kupikisa nhema dzehunyanzvi dzevezvenhau dzeUS? Salah anogona kunge ari chokwadi kuti vatsigiri mune dzimwe nyika vakanzwa nezve "Facebook Revolution" uye vakaedza kuidzokorora vakatadza nekuti yanga isiri iyo chaiyo. Asi nzira yekukurukurirana inogona kutyaira shanduko inoramba ichidikanwa - ine mazano pairi, ndinofunga, inooneka, kwete zvakanyanya mumagariro enhau, sekuzvimiririra kushuma, kana pamwe mukusanganiswa kwezviviri.
Salah anotarisa kuti hurumende yeMubarak yakazvikuvadza sei nekucheka mafoni neinternet. Anotaura nezvekushandiswa kwechisimba mukati mekuchinja kusingaite mhirizhonga, uye kushandiswa kwemakomiti evanhu kuchengetedza runyararo apo mapurisa akatiza muguta. Anobata muchidimbu kukanganisa kunoshamisa kwekupa chimurenga chavanhu kumauto. Haataure zvakawanda nezve basa reUS mukutsigira kupokana-revolution. Salah anocherekedza kuti pakati paKurume 2011 iye nevamwe varatidziri vakasangana naHillary Clinton uyo akaramba kuvabatsira.
Salah zvino anogara muUnited States. Tinofanira kuva tichimukoka kuti ataure muchikoro chiri chose nomunzvimbo dzavose. Egypt ibasa ririkuitwa, hongu. United States ibasa risati ratanga.
