NaAndrew Bolton
United States yakapinda muHondo yeNyika I pana April 6, 1917. Hondo Huru, yakasiana maindasitiri neyakagadzirwa nemichina, yakanga ichipfuurira chibviro chechirimo cha1914 uye Purezidhendi Wilson akanga aita kuti nyika irege kupinda mairi kutozosvikira panguva ino. Pakazara, nyika dzinopfuura zana muAfrica, America, Asia, Australasia neEurope dzakabatanidzwa muWWI. MaJuda akauraya maJuda, maKristu akauraya maKristu, uye maMuslim akauraya maMuslim sezvo vanhu vaibatwa uye vakapatsanurwa neurudzi nehumambo. 100 mamiriyoni akafa uye mamiriyoni makumi maviri akakuvadzwa. Ndiyo imwe yemakakatanwa akaipisisa enguva dzese uye 17 vekuAmerica vakafawo. Mamwe mamirioni makumi mashanu akafa pasi rose nefuruwenza yeSpain pakupera kwehondo, denda rakakonzera uye rakawedzera nemamiriro enguva yehondo.
“Hondo yokugumisa hondo” yakanga iri mheremhere yehondo yeAllied yokukunda Germany, yakanyorwa nomunyori wokuBritain HG Wells muna August 1914. Iyi sirogani yakazosarudzwa naPurezidhendi weUnited States Wilson sezvaakachinja kubva mumuitiro wokusatora rutivi kuenda kuhondo. Muna 2017 hapana mubvunzo kuti pachava nekuratidzwa kwekururama kwenyika sezvo US inoyeuka kupinda kwayo mu "hondo yekugumisa hondo yose" makore zana apfuura. Zvakadaro rugare rusina kururama rweChibvumirano che1919 cheVersailles chakakonzera Hondo Yenyika II - ari kurwisana kwakaipisisa munhoroondo yevanhu, uye nekuwedzera kuurayiwa kwevaJudha mamiriyoni matanhatu. Ipapo kwakauya Hondo Yemashoko netyisidziro inoenderera mberi yekuparadza kwenyukireya - kwete kuuraya rudzi asi omnicide - rufu rwevose. Kuvezwa kweMiddle East neEuropean colonial powers mushure meWWI ichiri kuramba ichikurudzira mhirizhonga muIraq, Israel/Palestine nezvimwewo. Saka kupenga nekutyisa kweWWI kuchiri kutitambudza nhasi.
Vanoramba kupinda muchiuto nokuda kwehana vakanzi mauto anokatyamadza aipikisa muHondo Yenyika I nevanyori venhau dzakaitika Scott H. Bennett naCharles Howlett. Kune nyaya dzakawanda dzinonakidza dzeWWI vakaramba kupinda muchiuto nehana semuenzaniso hama dzaHofer (vaHutterite vaviri vakafira kuFort Leavenworth, Kansas), Ben Salmon (muunionist uye socialist uye mumwe wevane 4 US Catholic COs muWWI), Maurice Hess (Church of the Brethren). CO), Judah Magnes (mukuru weUnited States pacifist), uye Quaker, Pentecostal etc. Mhuri dzezvitendero dzakakamukana - mhuri yePresbyterian Thomas yekuUS yakaburitsa masoja maviri nevaviri vakaramba kupinda muchiuto nehana. Saizvozvo, mhuri yeChirungu Quaker Cadbury yakakamurwawo kuita mauto uye pacifists. Kupokana muGermany kwaisanganisira masocialists, vakadzi, uye Jewish anarchist/pacificist Gustav Landauer. VaSuffragette vakapatsanurwa asi vakadzi vakaforawo vachipikisa kuurayiwa kwevarume vavo nevanakomana vavo. Charlotte Despard, aikwanisa uye achirwisana nehondo, akapikisa mukoma wake, Mukuru weBritish Sir John French uyo akatungamirira hondo muFrance kwechinguva. Hondo yepasi rose yakagadzira kufamba kwepasirese kwehana, kuramba nekupokana.
WWI yakaona kuzvarwa kwekutsungirira runyararo, kururamisira uye masangano erusununguko akaita seMennonite Central Committee, American Friends Service Committee, Fellowship of Reconciliation (iyo yakabata zvakanaka nekupa simba yakazotevera American Civil Rights Movement), American Civil Liberties Union, War Resisters League etc. .WWI yakakanganisa zvikuru dzidziso dzechiKristu nekushingaira kuburikidza nevanhu vakaita saKarl Barth, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Eberhard Arnold naDorothy Day. Nyanzvi yezvechitendero uye muzivi wechiJudha Martin Buber akanyora "I-Iwe" muWWI nehondo seyekupedzisira "I-It" hukama semashure.
Nhasi inoona kusimuka kwebapiro rekurudyi nyika muUSA neEurope. Pane kutaura nezve registry yevaMuslim muUSA. Tinoita sei maererano nehana uye sevateveri vaJesu munguva dzino dzakaoma?
Mubatanidzwa wemakereke erunyararo nevamwe vakasangana kuNational World War I Museum, Kansas City, muna Ndira 2014 kuti vatange kuronga hurukuro yekusiirana yaizotaura nyaya idzi dzeavo vakaramba nekupikisa nekuda kwehana muWWI. Kudanwa Kurangarira Mazwi Akanyarara: Hana, Kupokana, Kupokana, uye Rusununguko Rwevanhu muHondo Yenyika I kusvika Nhasi. ichaitwa Gumiguru 19-22, 2017 paNational World War I Museum uye Memorial, Kansas City, MO. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kufona kwemapepa (anofanirwa naKurume 20, 2017), chirongwa, keynotes, kunyoresa nezvimwe ona theworldwar.org/mutedvoices
Pakupera kwehurukuro yekusiirana, Svondo mangwanani Gumiguru 22, 2017 musangano wekurangarira uri kurongwa kuFort Leavenworth, Kansas kunze kwechipatara uko Hutterians Joseph naMichael Hofer vakafira. Vanoyeukwawo vanhu 92 vakaramba kupinda muchiuto nemhaka yehana vakaitirwa kuFort Leavenworth muna 1918 uye kuma100 kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Pakupedzisira, Chiratidziro Chekufamba chakafona Manzwi ehana - Runyararo Chapupu muHondo Huru iri kuvandudzwa neKaufman Museum paMennonite Bethel College, Kansas (https://kauffman.bethelks.edu/Traveling%20Exhibits/Voices-of-Conscience/index.html ) Kuti utore rwendo rwekuratidzira taura naAnnette LeZotte, alezotte@bethelks.edu
