Kubvisa NATO ndiyo yaive imwe nzira
Musi waGunyana 4-5 muguta diki reWelsh rine runyararo reNewport, ichangoburwa NATO Summit yakaitika, anopfuura makore maviri mushure memusangano wekupedzisira muChicago muna Chivabvu 2012.
Takaona zvakare mifananidzo yakafanana: nzvimbo dzakakura dzakavharwa, hapana-traffic uye isina-nhunzi nzvimbo, uye zvikoro nezvitoro zvichimanikidzwa kuvhara. Vakachengetedzwa zvakachengetedzeka munzvimbo yavo ye5-nyeredzi yeCeltic Manor Hotel, "varwi vekare nevatsva" vakaita misangano yavo munzvimbo dziri kure nehupenyu uye kushanda kwevagari venzvimbo iyi - uye kure kure nekuratidzira kupi zvako. Muchokwadi, chokwadi chakatsanangurwa zvirinani se "mamiriro enjodzi", nematanho ekuchengetedza anodhura mamwe mamirioni makumi manomwe emaeuro.
Pasinei nezviitiko zvinozivikanwa, pakanga paine zvinhu zvitsva zvekukwazisa. Zviri pachena kuti vagari vemunzvimbo iyi vainzwira tsitsi chikonzero chekuratidzira uku. Imwe yemasirogani makuru yakakwezva rutsigiro rwakanyanya - "Welfare pachinzvimbo chehondo" - sezvo ichipindirana zvakasimba nezvishuwo zvevakawanda mudunhu rinozivikanwa nekushaikwa kwemabasa uye kushaikwa kwemaonero emangwana.
Chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika uye chinoshamisa kwaive kuzvipira, kubatira pamwe nekusave nechisimba kwemapurisa. Pasina zviratidzo zvekukakavadzana uye, chokwadi, nenzira yehushamwari, vakaperekedza kuratidzira kusvika kuhotera yemusangano uye vakabatsira kuita kuti nhumwa dzevaratidziri dzikwanise kuendesa ku "NATO bureaucrats" pasuru yakakura yezvinyorwa zvekuratidzira. .
Agenda yeNATO Summit
Zvinoenderana netsamba yekukoka kubva kuna Secretary General weNATO ari kubuda Rasmussen, zvinotevera ndizvo zvaive zvakakosha panguva yenhaurirano:
- mamiriro ezvinhu muAfghanistan mushure mekupera kweiyo ISAF manda uye kuenderera mberi kweNATO kutsigira zviri kuitika munyika.
- basa remangwana uye basa reNATO
- dambudziko muUkraine uye hukama neRussia
- mamiriro ezvinhu muIraq.
Dambudziko riri mukati nekupoterera kweUkraine, iro raizotsanangurwa zvirinani sekupedzisa ruzivo rwekosi nyowani yekudhumhana neRussia, yanga yave nzvimbo yakajeka panguva yekuenda kumusangano, sezvo NATO ichiona uyu semukana wekuti kuenderera mberi nekuvapo uye kutangazve "basa rinotungamira". Nharo pamusoro pezvirongwa uye hukama hweRussia, kusanganisira nyaya yose ye "smart defense", saka yakaguma mukukakavadzana pamusoro pemigumisiro inofanira kutorwa kubva mumatambudziko eUkraine.
Eastern Europe, Ukraine neRussia
Munguva yemusangano izvi zvakakonzera kubvumidzwa kwechirongwa chekuita kuwedzera chengetedzo ine chekuita nedambudziko muUkraine. Kumabvazuva kweEurope “simba guru kwazvo rokugadzirira” kana kuti “mutungamiri” wemauto anenge 3-5,000 XNUMX richaumbwa, iro richazotumirwa mukati memazuva mashomanene. Kana Britain nePoland dzikaenda, HQ yemauto ichange iri muSzczecin, Poland. Sekutaura kwakaita Munyori Mukuru weNATO, Rasmussen: “Uye inotumira meseji yakajeka kune chero angangoita mhirizhonga: kana iwe ukatofunga kurwisa Ally mumwechete, unenge wakatarisana neAlliance yese."
Mauto acho achange aine zvigadziko zvakati wandei, kusanganisira akati wandei munyika dzeBaltic, ane mauto echigarire e300-600 masoja. Uku kutyora kweMutemo Wekutanga paMutual Relations, Kudyidzana uye Chengetedzo iyo NATO neRussia yakasaina mu1997.
Maererano naRasmussen, dambudziko muUkraine "inonyanya kukosha" munhoroondo yeNATO, iyo yava nemakore 65. “Sezvatinorangarira kuparara kweHondo Yenyika Yokutanga, rugare rwedu nechengeteko zviri kuedzwa zvakare, zvino nechisimba cheRussia paUkraine."... “Uye kudonhedzwa kwemhosva kweFlight MH17 kwajekesa kuti kunetsana muchikamu chimwe cheEurope kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pasi rose."
Dzimwe nyika dzeNATO, kunyanya nhengo itsva kubva kuEastern Europe, dzaiteterera kuti chibvumirano cheNATO-Russia Founding Treaty chibviswe nechikonzero chekuti Russia yakatyora. Izvi zvakarambwa nedzimwe nhengo.
Iyo UK neUSA dzinoda kumisa mazana emasoja kumabvazuva kweEurope. Kunyangwe pamberi pemusangano, maBritish Times rakashuma kuti mauto nemapoka ezvombo achatumirwa "kazhinji" pamitambo yekudzidzira kuPoland nenyika dzeBaltic mugore rinouya. Pepanhau rakaona izvi sechiratidzo chekutsunga kweNATO "kusatyisidzirwa" nekutorwa kweCrimea uye kukanganisa Ukireni. Hurongwa hwechiito hwakasarudzwa pamusoro pekuwedzera kudzidzira kwemauto ehondo munyika dzakasiyana siyana uye kugadzirwa kwezvigaro zvemauto zvechigarire kumabvazuva kweEurope. Aya mafambisirwo achagadzirira “spearhead” yemubatanidzwa (Rasmussen) yemabasa ayo matsva. Iyo inotevera "rapid trident" yakarongerwa Svondo 15-26, 2014, kumadokero kweUkraine. Vatori vechikamu vachave nyika dzeNATO, Ukraine, Moldavia neGeorgia. Mabhesi anodiwa pachirongwa chekuita anogona kunge ari munyika nhatu dzeBaltic, Poland neRomania.
Ukraine, iyo Mutungamiriri Poroshenko akatora chikamu mune imwe yemusangano, ichawanawo rumwe rutsigiro rwekuvandudza mauto avo maererano nekutakura uye maitiro ekuraira. Sarudzo dzekutsigira nenzira yekuendesa maoko zvakananga dzakasiiwa kune nhengo dzeNATO.
Kuvakwa kwe "missile defense system" kuchaenderera mberi.
Mari yakawanda yezvombo
Kuita zvirongwa izvi kunoda mari. Mukutarisana nemusangano, Munyori Mukuru weNATO akati, "Ndinokurudzira Ally wese kuti awedzere kukoshesa kudzivirira. Sezvo hupfumi hweEurope huchidzoka kubva mumatambudziko ehupfumi, saka tinofanirawo kuisa mari mukudzivirira.” Chiratidzo (chekare) chekuti nhengo yega yega yeNATO inodyara 2% yeGDP yayo muzvombo yakamutsiridzwa. Kana zvirinani, sekutaura kwakaita Chancellor Merkel, mari yemauto haifanirwe kudzikiswa.
Nekuona dambudziko rekumabvazuva kweEurope, NATO yakayambira nezvenjodzi dzine chekuita nekumwe kuchekwa uye yakasimbirira kuti Germany iwedzere kushandisa kwayo. Maererano nemagazini yeGermany current affairs Der Spiegel,gwaro rakavanzika reNATO remakurukota edziviriro enhengo dzehurumende rinoti “nzvimbo dzese dzekugona [dzinofanira] kusiiwa kana kudzikiswa zvakanyanya” kana mari yezvidziviriro ikaderedzwa zvakare, sezvo makore ekudzikisira akonzera kuderera kunoshamisa kwemauto. Pasina mupiro weU.SA, bepa rinoenderera mberi, mubatanidzwa uyu ungave wakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya kuita mashandiro.
Saka ikozvino kumanikidza kuri kuwedzera, kunyanya kuGermany, kuwedzera mari yekudzivirira. Zvinoenderana nemukati meNATO mazinga, muna 2014 Germany ichave iri munzvimbo yechigumi nemana nekushandisa kwayo muchiuto pa14 muzana yeGDP yayo. Nezvehupfumi, Germany ndiyo yechipiri nyika yakasimba mumubatanidzwa mushure meUSA.
Sezvo Germany yakazivisa chinangwa chayo chekudzika mutemo wekunze uye wekuchengetedza, izvi zvinodawo kuwana kutaura kwayo mune zvemari, sekureva kwevatungamiriri veNATO. “Pachave nekuwedzera kumanikidza kuita zvakawanda kuchengetedza yekumabvazuva kweEuropean NATO nhengo, "akadaro mutauriri wezvekudzivirirwa kwechikamu cheCDU/CDU kuGermany, Henning Otte. “Izvi zvinogona zvakare kureva kuti isu tinofanirwa kugadzirisa bhajeti redu rekudzivirira kuti tisangane nezviri kuitika mune zvematongerwo enyika, "Akadaro.
Iyi kutenderera kutsva kwekushandiswa kwezvombo kuchave nevazhinji vanoshungurudzwa. Icho chokwadi chekuti Chancellor Merkel akadzivirira nekuchenjera chero zvipikirwa akamiririra hurumende yeGerman zvaive nekuda kwemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika. Pasinei nekurova kuchangobva kuitika kwengoma dzehondo, ruzhinji rweGermany rwakaramba ruchipokana nepfungwa yekuwedzera zvombo uye mamwe mano ehondo.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzeSIPRI, mu2014 chiyero cheNATO mari yekushandisa kuRussia ichiri 9: 1.
Mafungiro echiuto anoramba achiwedzera
Mukati memusangano uyu, matauriro anooneka (kunyange anotyisa) ane hasha uye mashoko aigona kunzwika payakasvika kuRussia, iyo yakanzi “muvengi” zvakare. Mufananidzo uyu wakagadzirwa nepolarization uye kupomera kwakachipa kunoratidza summit. Vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika varipo vaigona kugara vachinzwika vachiti "Russia ndiyo ine mhosva yedambudziko muUkraine", zvinopesana neidi iro ivo vanoziva nezvazvo. Pakanga pasina kutsoropodza zvachose, kana kuti kufunga kwokufungisisa. Uye vatori venhau vaipinda vakapawo tsigiro yavo inenge yabvumirana, zvisinei kuti vaibva kunyika ipi.
Mitemo yakadai seyokuti “chengetedzo yakajairika” kana kuti “détente” yakanga isingagamuchirwi; wakanga uri gungano rekurwisana richironga nzira yehondo. Iyi nzira yairatidza kusafuratira zvachose chero kurerutswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu nekumisa pfuti kana kutangazve nhaurirano muUkraine. Paingova nezano rimwe chete raibvira: kunangana.
Iraki
Rimwe basa rakakosha pamusangano uyu rakaitwa nedambudziko muIraq. Munguva yekuungana, Mutungamiri Obama vakazivisa kuti nyika dzinoverengeka dzeNATO dziri kuumba "mubatanidzwa mutsva wevanoda" kurwisa IS muIraq. Sekureva kweMunyori weDziviriro weUS Chuck Hagel, idzi ndidzo USA, UK, Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland neTurkey. Vari kutarisira kubatana nedzimwe nhengo. Kuendeswa kwemauto epasi kuchiri kurambidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo, asi kuchave nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwendege dzinoshandiswa nendege nemadrones pamwe nekutakura zvombo kune vanodyidzana veko. Chirongwa chakazara chekurwisa IS chiri kufanirwa kurongwa kumusangano weUN General Assembly gare gare munaGunyana. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwezvombo nezvimwe zvombo kunofanirwa kuenderera mberi.
Pano, zvakare, kumanikidza kuGermany kuri kuwedzera kuti itore chikamu mukupindira nendege dzayo (yazvino Tornados ine GBU 54 zvombo).
Vatungamiri veNATO vakaratidza nzira yemauto yekufunga umo musina nzvimbo yeimwe yedzimwe nzira dzekurwisa IS parizvino iri kukurudzirwa nevaongorori verunyararo kana runyararo.
NATO kuwedzera
Imwe pfungwa yaive pachirongwa chaive chishuwo chenguva refu chekubvuma nhengo itsva, kunyanya Ukraine, Moldova neGeorgia. Vimbiso dzakaitwa kwavari, pamwe neJoridhani uye nechinguva zvakare Libya, kupa rutsigiro rwe "kuvandudzwa kwechikamu chekudzivirira nekuchengetedza".
KuGeorgia, "chikamu chikuru chezviyero" chakabvumiranwa icho chinofanira kutungamira nyika kuenda kunhengo yeNATO.
NezveUkraine, Mutungamiriri Yatsenyuk akange akurudzira kubvumirwa nekukasika asi izvi hazvina kubvumirana. Zvinoita sekuti NATO ichiri kufunga kuti njodzi dzakawandisa. Kune imwe nyika ine tariro inobatika yekuva nhengo: Montenegro. Sarudzo ichaitwa muna 2015 maererano nekubvumidzwa kwayo.
Imwe budiriro inofadza yakanga iri kuwedzera kwebatira pamwe nenyika mbiri dzisina kwayakarerekera: Finland neSweden. Iwo anofanirwa kubatanidzwa zvakanyanya padhuze muzvimiro zveNATO zvine chekuita nezvivakwa uye kuraira. Chibvumirano chinonzi "Host NATO Support" chinobvumira NATO kuti ibatanidze nyika mbiri mukufambisa kuchamhembe kweEurope.
Musangano uyu usati waitwa paive nemishumo yaiburitsa pachena kuti nzvimbo yemubatanidzwa iri kufambiswa sei kuAsia nenzira ye“Kudyidzana Kwerunyararo”, zvichiunza Philippines, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Japan uye kunyangwe Vietnam munzvimbo dzeNATO. Zviripachena kuti China ingakombwa sei. Kekutanga, Japan yakasarudzawo mumiriri wechigarire kumuzinda weNATO.
Uye kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwesimba reNATO kuCentral Africa kwaivewo pachirongwa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muAfghanistan
Kutadza kweNATO kupinda muchiuto muAfghanistan kunowanzo kudzoserwa kumashure (nevenhau asiwo nevakawanda mubato rerunyararo). Imwe sarudzo yakanyengedzwa nevakunda vanosarudzwa nevakuru vehondo (zvisinei nekuti ndiani anova mutungamiri), mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika asina kugadzikana, nzara nehurombo zvese zvinoratidzira hupenyu munyika ino ine mwoyo murefu. Vatambi vakuru vane mhosva yezvizhinji zveiyi USA neNATO. Kubvisa zvachose hakuna kurongwa asi kubvumidzwa kwechibvumirano chitsva chekugara, icho Mutungamiri Karzai akange asisade kusaina. Izvi zvaizobvumira mauto epasi rose evarwi vangangosvika zviuru gumi kuti varambe varipo (kusanganisira vanosvika mazana masere emauto eGerman). Iyo "comprehensive approach" ichawedzerwawo, kureva kushandira pamwe kwemauto. Uye zvematongerwo enyika zvakakundikana zvakajeka zvichaenderera mberi. Avo vari kutambudzika vacharamba vari ruzhinji rwevanhu munyika vari kubirwa mukana wekuona nyika yavo yakazvimirira, inozvimirira - izvo zvingavabatsirawo kukunda hurongwa hwehutsotsi hwevakuru vehondo. Kudyidzana kuri pachena kwemapato maviri akakunda musarudzo dzeUSA neNATO kunotadzisa budiriro yakazvimirira, ine runyararo.
Saka zvichiri chokwadi kutaura kuti: Runyararo muAfghanistan harusati rwawanikwa. Kudyidzana pakati pemasimba ese erunyararo muAfghanistan uye musangano wepasi rose werunyararo unofanirwa kuvandudzwa. Hatifanire kuzvibvumira kukanganwa Afghanistan: inoramba iri dambudziko rakakosha kune mafambiro erunyararo mushure memakore 35 ehondo (kusanganisira 13 makore ehondo yeNATO).
Hapana rugare neNATO
Saka bato rerunyararo rine zvikonzero zvakakwana zvekuratidzira kupokana neaya marongero ekupokana, zvombo, "dhimoni" anonzi muvengi, uye nekuwedzera NATO kuwedzera kuMabvazuva. Iyo chaiyo sangano ine marongero akanyanya kukonzera dambudziko uye hondo yevagari vemo iri kutsvaga kusveta mazviri ropa rinodiwa kuti rivepo zvakare.
Zvakare, Musangano weNATO muna 2014 wakaratidza: Nekuda kwerunyararo, hakuzovi nerunyararo neNATO. Mubatanidzwa wakakodzera kubviswa uye kutsiviwa nehurongwa hwekubatana pamwe chete kuchengetedza uye kubvisa zvombo.
Zviito zvakarongwa nesangano repasi rose rerunyararo
Yakatangwa nenetiweki yepasi rose "Kwete kuhondo - Kwete kuNATO", ichipa humbowo hwakakosha hwemusangano weNATO kechina, uye nerutsigiro rwakasimba kubva kuBritish runyararo musangano nenzira ye "Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)" uye "Stop the War Coalition", zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zverugare nezviito zvakaitika.
Zviitiko zvikuru zvaiva:
- Kuratidzira kwepasi rose muNewport musi waGunyana 30, 2104. Na c. 3000 vatori vechikamu yaive ratidziro huru kwazvo iyo guta rakaona mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, asi ichiri diki zvakanyanya kuti ringave rinogutsa tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Vatauri kubva kumasangano evashandi, zvematongerwo enyika uye musangano wepasi rose werunyararo vese vakabvumirana mukupokana kwavo kwakajeka kuhondo uye nekuda kubviswa kwezvombo, uye nezve kukosha kwekuisa pfungwa yese yeNATO kutaurirana zvakare.
- Musangano wepasi rose wakaitika muCardiff guta horo muna Nyamavhuvhu 31 nerutsigiro rwekanzuru yenzvimbo, uye munaGunyana 1 muNewport. Iyi counter-summit yakatsigirwa nemari uye vashandi neRosa Luxemburg Foundation. Yakakwanisa kubudirira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zviviri: chekutanga, kuongororwa kwakadzama kwemamiriro ekunze, uye chechipiri, kuumbwa kwedzimwe sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika uye sarudzo dzekuita mukati mebato rerunyararo. Pamusangano wepamusoro-soro, kushoropodzwa kwevakadzi kweNATO mauto kwakabata basa rakakura. Zviitiko zvese zvakaitwa mumhepo yekubatana uye zvechokwadi zvinoumba hwaro hwekubatana kwakasimba mune ramangwana mubato rerunyararo repasi rose. Huwandu hwevatori vechikamu hwaifadzawo zvakanyanya pavanenge mazana matatu.
- Kasa yerunyararo yepasirese mune paki iri pamucheto weguta remukati meNewport. Kunyanya, vatori vechikamu vadiki muzviito zvekuratidzira vakawana nzvimbo pano yehurukuro dzine moyo, nevanhu mazana maviri vaipinda mumusasa.
- Mudungwe wekuratidzira pazuva rekutanga remusangano uyu wakakwezva kutariswa kwakanaka kubva kune vezvenhau nevagari venzvimbo, nevatori vechikamu vangangoita mazana mashanu vakauya nekuratidzira kumasuwo epamberi penzvimbo yemusangano. Kekutanga, pasuru yakakora yezvisarudzo zvekuratidzira inogona kupihwa kune veNATO bureaucrats (vakaramba vasina zita uye vasina chiso).
Zvakare, kwakaratidza kuve nekufarira kukuru kwenhau muzviitiko zvekaunda. Welsh anodhinda uye epamhepo midhiya yakatakura kufukidzwa kwakanyanya, uye mutori wenhau weBritish akapawo kushuma kwakazara. Nhepfenyuro dzeGerman ARD neZDF dzakaratidza mifananidzo kubva pakuratidzira uye pepanhau rekuruboshwe kuGermany rakafukidzawo musangano wekongiresi.
Zviitiko zvese zvekuratidzira zvakaitika murunyararo, pasina mhirizhonga. Hongu, izvi zvakakonzerwa zvakanyanya nevaratidziri pachavo, asi nerufaro mapurisa eBritish akabatsira mukubudirira uku zvakare nekuda kwekubatana kwavo uye maitiro akaderera.
Kunyanya pamusangano wepamusoro, nharo dzakaratidza zvakare musiyano mukuru pakati pehukasha NATO mitemo uye mazano aizounza rugare. Saka iyi summit kunyanya yaratidza kukosha kwekuenderera mberi nekupa NATO.
Iko kugona kwekugadzira kwesangano rerunyararo kwakaenderera mberi pamimwe misangano apo zviitiko zveramangwana zvakabvumiranwa:
- International Drones Meeting musi weMugovera, Nyamavhuvhu 30, 2014. Imwe yemisoro yakakurukurwa yaive gadziriro yeGlobal Day of Action on Drones for October 4, 2014. Yakabvumidzwawo kushanda yakanangana nekongiresi yepasi rose pane drones yaMay 2015.
- Musangano wepasi rose wekugadzirira zviito zve2015 Wongororo Musangano weChibvumirano cheKusapararira kweNuclear Weapons muNew York muna Kubvumbi/Chivabvu. Misoro yakakurukurwa yaisanganisira chirongwa chemazuva maviri Congress Against Nuclear Weapons and Defense Expenditure, zviitiko zvemupendero panguva yemusangano weUN, uye kuratidzira kukuru muguta.
- Musangano Wegore we "Kwete kuhondo - kwete kuNATO" network musi waSeptember 2, 2014. Iyi network, iyo misangano inotsigirwa neRosa Luxemburg Foundation, ikozvino inogona kutarisa shure kune yakabudirira purogiramu-purogiramu kumisangano ina yeNATO. Inogona kutaura zvine musoro kuti yakadzosa kupihwa mvumo kweNATO muhurongwa hwesangano rerunyararo uye kune imwe nhanho muhurukuro yakakura yezvematongerwo enyika zvakare. Ichaenderera mberi nezviitiko izvi mu2015, kusanganisira zviitiko zviviri pamusoro pebasa reNATO kuchamhembe kweEurope uye muBalkan.
Kristine Karch,
Co-Sachigaro weCoordinating Committee yeInternational network "Kwete kuhondo - Kwete kuNATO"
