NaDavid Swanson
Hondo inotungamirwa neU.S.NATO kuAfghanistan yatora nguva yakareba ivo vafunga kuzvitumidza zita, kuzivisa yekare hondo, uye kuzivisa hondo nyowani nyowani ivo vane chokwadi chekuti muchada.
Hondo kusvika parizvino yatora nguva yakareba US kutora chikamu muHondo Yenyika II pamwe neUS kupinda muHondo Yenyika I, pamwe neKorea Hondo, pamwe neSpanish American War, pamwe nehurefu hwakazara hwehondo yeUS kuPhilippines, pamwe neese nguva yeHondo yeMexico yeAmerica.
Zvino, dzimwe dzeidzi dzimwe hondo dzakazadzisa zvinhu, ini ndichatenda - sekuba hafu yeMexico. Chii chakaitwa neOperation Freedom's Sentinel, yaimbozivikanwa seOperation Enduring Freedom, yakaitwa, kunze kwekutsungirira nekutsungirira uye kutsungirira kusvika patinoshaya zvekutadza kunyatso tarisa zita idzva saOrwellian saSentinel weRusununguko (chii - yaive "Muranda weRusununguko" yatotorwa)?
Zvakanaka, sekureva kwaMutungamiri Obama, pamusoro pemakore gumi nematatu ekubhomba nekugara muAfghanistan zvatiita takachengeteka. Izvo zvinoita sekudaidzira munhu anofanirwa kukumbira humwe humbowo. Hurumende yeUS yakashandisa madhora anosvika tiririyoni pahondo iyi, pamwe nemadhora anosvika gumi nematatu emadhora mumashandisirwo akajairwa ehondo anopfuura makore gumi nematatu, mwero wemari yakawedzera zvakanyanya nekushandisa iyi hondo nehondo dzakabatana sechirevo. Makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora anogona kupedza nzara panyika, kupa pasi mvura yakachena, nezvimwe. Tinogona kunge takaponesa mamirioni ehupenyu tikasarudza kuuraya zviuru panzvimbo. Hondo yanga ichitungamira pakuparadza nharaunda. Takanda rusununguko rwedu nepahwindo muzita re "rusununguko." Isu takaburitsa zvombo zvakawandisa zvekuti vaifanirwa kubviswa kuenda kumadhipatimendi emapurisa emuno, zviine mhedzisiro inofungidzirwa. Chirevo chekuti chimwe chinhu chakanaka chauya uye chiri kuuya uye chicharamba chichiuya kwemakore mazhinji anotevera kubva kuhondo iyi chakakodzera kutarisa mukati.
Usatarise zvakanyanya. Iyo CIA anoona kuti chinhu chakakosha chehondo (yakanangwa kuuraya kweedrone - "kuuraya" kuri shoko ravo) zvinopesana. Pamberi pemupikisi mukuru wehondo Fred Branfman afa gore rino akaunganidza yakareba Pamazita zvemashoko enhengo dzehurumende yeUS nemauto vachitaura zvakafanana. Kuti kuuraya vanhu nema drones kunoitira kutsamwisa shamwari uye mhuri, kuchigadzira vavengi vazhinji kupfuura iwe kubvisa, zvinogona kuve nyore kunzwisisa mushure mekuverenga chidzidzo icho nguva pfupi yadarika. akawanikwa kuti kana iyo US yakanangana nemunhu kuuraya, inouraya 27 vanhu vakawedzera munzira. General Stanley McChrystal akati kana iwe ukauraya munhu asina mhaka unogadzira gumi vavengi. Ini handisi nyanzvi yemasvomhu, asi ini ndinofunga zvinouya kune vangangoita mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe evavengi akagadzirwa nguva yega yega munhu paanoiswa pane yekuuraya runyorwa, kana 10 kana munhu wacho kana achitendwa zvakanyanya kuti haana mhosva (pane izvo zvisiri kunyatso kujeka).
Hondo iyi haina zvayakanakira pachayo. Asi ndeapi mazwi iwayo? Kazhinji ivo chirevo chekutsiva kunotyisa uye kupomedzerwa kwemutemo - kunyangwe vakapfekedzwa kurira kunge chimwe chinhu chinoremekedzwa. Zvakakodzera kuyeuka pano kuti izvi zvese zvakatanga sei. United States, kwemakore matatu pamberi paGunyana 11, 2001, yanga ichikumbira vaTaliban kuti vadzore Osama bin Laden. VaTaliban vakanga vakumbira humbowo hwemhosva yake uye chero mhosva uye kuzvipira kuti amuedze munyika yechitatu isina kwaakarerekera asina mutongo werufu. Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kusvika muna Gumiguru, 2001. (Tarisa, semuenzaniso "Bush Anoramba Taliban Chipo Chekupa Bin Laden Pamusoro" mu muchengeti, Gumiguru 14, 2001.) VaTaliban vakayambirawo United States kuti bin Laden anga achironga kurwisa ivhu reUS (izvi zvinoenderana neBBC). Vaimbova Gurukota rezvekunze kwePakistan, Niaz Naik akaudza BBC kuti vakuru vakuru vekuUS vakamuudza kumusangano wakatsigirwa neUN muBerlin muna Chikunguru 2001 kuti United States ichatora matanho kurwisa vaTaliban pakati paGumiguru. Vakati hazvina chokwadi kuti kuzvipira kuna Bin Laden kwaizochinja zvirongwa izvi. IUnited States payakarwisa Afghanistan muna Gumiguru 7, 2001, vaTaliban vakakumbira zvakare kutaurirana kupa Bin Laden kunyika yechitatu kuti itongwe. United States yakaramba chikumbiro ichi ndokuenderera mberi nehondo kuAfghanistan kwemakore mazhinji, isingachimise apo bin Laden aifungidzirwa kuti akabva munyika iyoyo, uye asingatomboimise mushure mekuzivisa kufa kwaBin Laden.
Nekudaro, mukupesana nekutonga kwemutemo, United States nevamwe vayo vakaita runyararo rwekuuraya izvo zvingadai zvakadzivirirwa nemuedzo muna 2001 kana kusambove nezvombo nekudzidzisa Bin Laden nevamwe vake muma1980 kana nekusambo tsamwisa Soviet Union kuti ipinde nechisimba kana nekusatangisa Hondo Yemashoko, nezvimwe.
Kana hondo iyi isina kuita chengetedzo - na polling kutenderera pasirese kuwana iyo United States ikozvino yaonekwa sekutyisidzira kukuru kurunyararo rwenyika - yakazadzisa chimwe chinhu here? Pamwe. Kana pamwe zvichiri kugona - kunyanya kana zvapera uye kutongwa semhosva. Izvo zvinogona kurwiwa nehondo iyi kubvisa zvizere musiyano uripo pakati pehondo uye izvo zvinonzi neCIA neWhite House zvavari kuita mumishumo yavo uye memos zvemutemo: umhondi.
Pepanhau reGerman rine chete rakabudiswa rondedzero yekuuraya yeNATO - runyorwa rwakafanana neraMutungamiri Obama - rwevanhu vakatarisana nemhondi. Pane zvakanyorwa pane varwi vepasi-pasi, uye kunyange vasiri-varwi vezvinodhaka. Isu takatsiva kuiswa mutirongo uye kutambudzwa kunoperekedzwa uye masutu emutemo nematambudziko ehunhu uye yekumisikidza ruoko-kumonyanisa nehumhondi.
Sei kuponda kuchifanira kugamuchirwa kupfuura kuiswa mujeri nekushungurudzwa? Zvikuru ini ndinofunga isu tiri kuzendamira pane zvisaririra zveyakareba-yakafa tsika ichiri kurarama sengano. Hondo - yatinofungidzira zvisina musoro yakagara iripo uye ichagara iri - haina kushandiswa kuita sezvayaita nhasi. Izvo zvaisambove zvakadaro kuti 90 muzana yevakafa vaive vasiri varwi. Tichiri kutaura nezve "nhandare dzehondo," asi ivo vakajaira kuve zvinhu zvakadaro. Hondo dzakarongedzwa uye dzakarongerwa semitambo yemitambo. Mauto ekare eGreek aigona kudzika musasa padhuze nemuvengi asingatyi kurwisa kusingatarisirwi. VaSpanish nevaMoor vakataurirana mazuva ehondo. MaIndia eCalifornia aishandisa miseve chaiyo yekuvhima asi miseve isina minhenga yehondo yetsika. Nhoroondo yehondo imwe yetsika uye yekuremekedza “mupikisi akakodzera.” George Washington aigona kusveverera kuBritish, kana vaHesia, uye kuvauraya husiku hweKisimusi kwete nekuti hapana munhu akambofunga kuyambuka Delaware kare, asi nekuti izvo hazvisi izvo zvakaitwa nemunhu.
Zvakanaka, ikozvino ndizvo. Hondo dzinorwiwa mumaguta evanhu nemumisha nemumaguta. Hondo humhondi pamwero mukuru. Uye iyo nzira yakasimbiswa muAfghanistan nePakistan nemauto eUS neCIA ine mukana mukana wekutarisa sekuuraya kune vanhu vazhinji. Dai izvozvo zvikurudzire isu kuzvipedza. Ngatitsungei kusarega izvi zvichienda kune rimwe gore kana rimwe gore kana mumwe mwedzi. Ngatisapinde mukunyepedzera kwekutaura nezve kuuraya vanhu vazhinji sekunge kwapera nekuda kwekuti mhondi yakapa mhosva zita idzva. Parizvino ndivo chete vakafa vakaona kupera kwehondo kuAfghanistan.
