Realin Military Spending, Convert Infrastructure Kuti Ibudise Mari Inotarisira Zvemhirizhonga (Economic Conversion)

(Ichi chikamu 29 che World Beyond War chena bepa A Global Security System: An Alternative to War. Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)

Dhiyabhorosi kuchengeteka sezvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa ichabvisa kudiwa kwezvirongwa zvakawanda zvezvombo uye zvigaro zvehondo, kupa mukana wehurumende neyemabhizimisi anochengeterwa zvehondo kuti achinje zvinhu izvi kuumba pfuma chaiyo kuburikidza nekushanda munzvimbo yega yega maererano nemitemo isina mari. Inogonawo kuderedza mutoro wemitero munzanga uye kuumba mamwe mabasa. MuUnited States, pamadhora ose 1 mabhiriyoni akashandiswa mumauto anopfuura kaviri nhamba yemabasa ingadai yakasikwa kana mari yakafanana yakashandiswa munharaunda yevanhu.^note32 Izvo zvinotengeswa kubva kuhurumende inoshandiswa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha nehurumende yeUnited States kubva kumasoja kuenda kune mamwe mapurogiramu yakawanda.^note33

Kutarisa pamusoro pekudzivirira "nyika" kudzivirira ndeyekuongorora nyeredzi. IUnited States yoga inopfuurira kupfuura nyika inotevera 15 yakabatanidzwa pahondo yayo.^note34

IUnited States inoshandisa madhora $ 1.3 trillion gore negore pa Pentagon Budget, zvombo zvenyukireya (muDare reMagetsi reNyika), mauto ehondo, CIA uye Homeland Security.^note35 Nyika yose yakazara inopfuura $ 2 trillion. Nhamba dzekukura uku zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Cherechedza kuti mamiriyoni emamiriyoni e1 akaenzana nemazuva e12, masikati mabhiriyoni e1 akaenzana nemakore 32, uye 1 mamiririoni mashekeri akaenzana nemakore 32,000. Asi zvakadaro, nzvimbo yakakwirira yekushandiswa kwemauto munyika yakange isingagoni kudzivirira hutsinye hwe 9 / 11, kuputika kwenyukireya, kupedza ugandanga, kana kuti kuunza demokarasi kuIraq kana rugare kuMiddle East. Hazvina mhosva kuti mari inoshandiswa sei muhondo, haina kushanda.

Kushandiswa kwehondo kunokonzera kukanganisa kwesimba rezvemari, sezvo svondo rezvemapiyona Adam Smith akataura. Smith akatsigira kuti mari yekushandisa zvematongerwo enyika yakanga isingabatsiri. Makumi emakore akapfuura, economists inowanzoshandiswa "mutoro wemauto" inowanzoenderana ne "bhajeti yemari." Pari zvino, maindasitiri ehondo muUnited States anowana mari yakawanda kubva kuHurumende kudarika ose emabhizimisi ehurumende akabatana anogona kuraira. Iyo yakabatanidzwa nePentagon budgets inopfuura kudhura kwemari yemakambani ose eUnited States. Kushandura iyi mari yekutsvaga mari kumusika wemusika wekusununguka kana zvikwereti nezvipo zvekutendeuka kana kuderedza mitero kana kubhadhara chikwereti chenyika (pamwe chete nemari yakabhadhara gore negore) kunokonzera kukurudzira kukuru kwekusimudzira hupfumi. Sangano Rokuchengetedza kuunganidza zvinhu zvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa (uye kurondedzerwa muzvikamu zvinotevera) zvinodhura chikamu chemajeri ezvezvino zvehondo uye chinyorwa chekushandura kwehupfumi. Uyezve, iyo yaizoita mamwe mabasa. Bhiriyoni rimwe remadhora ehurumende yekutsvaga mari muuto rinoumba basa re 11,200 asi iyo inowanikwa muhutano hutsvene huchaunza 16,800, mune utano hwakanaka 17,200 uye mune zvekudzidzisa 26,700.^note36

Kutendeuka kwezvematongerwo enyika kunoda kuchinja mu teknoloji, mune zvehupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika kutendeuka kubva kumasoja kuenda kumisika yemasoja. Iyo ndiyo nzira yekuendesa vanhu nemari yekushandisa yakashandiswa kuita chimwe chigadzirwa pakugadzira imwe yakasiyana; somuenzaniso, kutendeuka kubva pakuvaka zvivako zvekuvaka kuvaka motokari dzemotokari. Haisi chakavanzika: Indasitiri yega yega inoita nguva yose. Kuchinja mabhizimisi ehondo kuita zvigadzirwa zvekushandiswa kwehutano kumasangano zvinowedzera simba rezvemari rehurudzi panzvimbo pokuvhiringidza. Zvisarudzo zviripo zvino kushandiswa mukugadzira zvombo uye kuchengetedza zvigaro zvehondo zvingadzoserwa kunzvimbo mbiri. Nharaunda yehupfumi yehurumende inogara ichida kugadziriswa nekuvandudza kusanganisira zviyamuro zvekutakura semigwagwa, mabhiriji, rail network, grid energy, zvikoro, mvura uye magadzirirwo emvura, uye magetsi ekugadziriswa kwemhepo, etc. Chikamu chechipiri ndechekugadzirisa kuunza kuderedza hupfumi hwehupfumi vanodhevedzwa nemakambani ekubhadhara mari ekubhadhara uye vanovimba zvikuru nezvikwereti zvikwereti uye kune dzimwe nyika kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa pamba, chiito icho chinowedzerawo kukakoni kukanda mumhepo. Dutu rekare rinogona kutendeuka kumatengesi ezvokutengeserana uye kubudirira kwemaimba kana kushandiswa kwemabhizimisi kana mashizha ezuva.

Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana kwehupfumi ndezvekutya kwekurasikirwa kwebasa uye kudiwa kwekudzorera zvose basa nekushanda. Mabasa achadikanwa kuti ave nechokwadi neHurumende apo kuregera kunenge kuchiitika, kana mamwe maitiro ekubhadharwa akaripihwa kune avo vari kushanda mumashandiro ehondo kuitira kuti vasave nemigumisiro yakaipa pamusoro pehupfumi hwekushaiwa basa panguva yekuchinja kubva muhondo kusvika kune nguva yorugare. Kutungamira kuchadikanwa kuti idzoke shure sezvavanenge vachibva mumutungamiri wehupfumi kuenda kune mari yepamusi yemari.

Kubudirira, kutendeuka kunoda kuva chikamu chehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hukuru hwekugadzirisa zvombo uye huchada hurumende yepamusoro yekuita meta-urongwa uye rubatsiro rwemari uye urongwa hwemunharaunda hwemunharaunda semagariro ane zvigaro zvehondo zvichifunga kuchinjwa uye makambani anonzwisisa kuti niche yavo itsva inogona kuva chii the market market. Izvi zvinoda mari yemutero asi pakuguma ichachengetedza zvakanyanya kudarika zvinotengeswa mukuvandudzirwa sezvo nyika dzinogumisa kupera kwemahombekombe ekushandisa mari yehondo uye kuifambisa nehuwandu hwehupfumi hwema nguva hugadzira zvinhu zvinokosha zvekutengesa.

Miedzo yakagadzirwa kuti iite mitemo kutendeuka, yakadai sa Nyukliya Kuparadzanisa uye Economic Economic Conversion Act ye 1999, iyo inobatanidza zvombo zvenyukireya kutendeuka.

Mutemo weiyu unoda rubatsiro rukuru rwevanhu kupfuura. Kubudirira kunogona kukura kubva pane zvishoma. Nyika yeConnecticut yakasarudza komiti yekushanda pakuchinja. Zvimwe zvinyorwa uye nzvimbo dzinogona kutevera chinotungamirira kuConnecticut.

(Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)

 

 

Tinoda kunzwa kubva kwamuri! (Ndapota shandisai mashoko anotevera)

Izvi zvakatungamirira sei iwe kufunga zvakasiyana nezvezvimwe nzira dzokurwa nadzo?

Chii chaungawedzera, kana kuchinja, kana mubvunzo pamusoro peizvi?

Chii chaungaita kuti ubatsire vamwe vanhu kunzwisisa pamusoro pezvimwe nzira dzehondo?

Ungatora sei chiito kuti uite izvi zvakasiyana nehondo kuitika?

Ndapota shandisai mashoko aya zvakanyanya!

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ona tafura yakazara yezviri mukati A Global Security System: An Alternative to War

Notes:
32. Chirongwa chechibvumirano chekuita izvi chinogona kuonekwa paGlobal Network yeKurambidzwa kweSiponi neNyukliya Power In Space, pa http://www.space4peace.org. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
33. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kuisa mari muhutsanana hwakachena, kuchengetwa kwehutano uye dzidzo zvinopa huwandu huzhinji hwemabasa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebhadharo pane kushandisa mari yakaenzana nemari. Nokuda kwekudzidza kwakakwana ona: IAmerica Mitsva Yebasa reMasoja Nekushandisa Pamba Pokutanga: 2011 Update. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
34. Edza kushandiswa kwebasa-offs tool calculator yakagadzirwa neNational Priorities Project. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
35. Onai Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Institute Military Expenditure Database. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
36. Download the War Resisters League federal pesa chati pie pa https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/
files/2015%20pie%20chart%20-%20high%20res.pdf (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)