NaPeter van den Dungen, Runyararo Journalist magazini, October 5, 2020
Kuvapo kwenzvimbo, makosi, misangano pamwe nemagazini, zvinyorwa, uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakapihwa kurunyararo venhau zvingadai zvakagamuchirwa zvikuru naAlfred Hermann Fried (1864-1921). Iye angadai zvirokwazvo akaziva kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kwerudzi urwu rwevatapi venhau nhasi. MuAustria ndiye mutori wenhau wekutanga kupihwa mubairo weNobel Peace Prize (1911). Nhasi, vatori venhau vazhinji vakatambudzwa nekuda kwekutsvaga kwavo rugare, chokwadi, uye kururamisira.
Akazvarwa muVienna, Fried akatanga semutengesi wemabhuku uye muparidzi muBerlin asati ave nhengo inoshingairira uye inotungamira yesangano rerunyararo repasi rose rakabuda zvichitevera kuburitswa kwebhuku rinonyanya kurwisa hondo raBertha von Suttner, Radzika Pasi Maoko Ako! (1889). Mumakore gumi ekupedzisira ezana ramakore rechi19, Fried akaburitsa runyararo rudiki asi rwakakosha mwedzi wega wega izvo von Suttner akagadzirisa. Muna 1899 yakatsiviwa naDie Friedens-Warte (The Peace Watch) iyo Fried yakagadzirisa kusvika pakufa kwake.
Sachigaro weNorway Nobel Committee akaidaidza kuti 'ndiyo magazini yakanakisa mubato rerunyararo, ine zvinyorwa zvinotungamira kwazvo uye nhau dzematambudziko epasi rose.' Pakati pevazhinji vakakurumbira vanopa paive nevadzidzi kubva kwakasiyana siyana maitiro (kunyanya vadzidzi vemutemo wepasi rese), varatidziri, uye vezvematongerwo enyika.
Mune zvese zvinyorwa zvake zvakawanda, Fried aigara achitaura uye akaongorora nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika dzezuva iri nenzira yakanangana nekudiwa pamwe nekugona kudzikamisa mafungiro anopisa nekudzivirira kukakavara kwechisimba (sezvakaita von Suttner, wekutanga mukadzi wezvematongerwo enyika mutapi venhau muchiGerman. mutauro). Ivo nguva dzose uye zvine mutsindo vakasimudzira nzira yakavhenekerwa, yekushandira pamwe uye yekuvaka.
Akabikwa aive munyori ane hunyanzvi uye ane hunyanzvi uyo aishanda zvakaringana semutori wenhau, mupepeti, uye munyori wemabhuku, vese vakakurumbira uye nyanzvi, pazvinhu zvinoenderana nesangano rerunyararo, musangano wepasirese, uye mutemo wepasi rese. Unyanzvi hwake semunyori wenhau hunoratidzwa nevhoriyamu yaakaburitsa muna 1908 aine ruzivo rwechiuru chemashoko ake epepanhau nezvesangano rerunyararo. Akazvimisikidza zvakajeka kubva kunhepfenyuro huru yezuva rake - nekumira kwakashata kwekutya, ruvengo, uye kunyumwira pakati penyika - nekuzvitaurira iye semutapi wenhau worunyararo. 'Pasi pemuchena Mureza!', Iro bhuku raakaburitsa muBerlin muna1,000, raive nesarudzo yezvinyorwa zvake uye zvinyorwa uye aive nemusoro wakanzi 'Kubva kumafaira emutori wenhau dzerunyararo' (Friedensjournalist).
Muchinyorwa chekutanga pane vezvenhau uye nesangano rerunyararo, akatsoropodza mashure ekuregedzerwa kana kusekwa. Asi kukura kwayo kwakadzikama uye simba, kusanganisira kugamuchirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwechirongwa chebato (kunyanya kushandisa arbitration) nenyika kuti vagadzirise kusawirirana kwavo, kwakaita kuti atende kuti shanduko huru mumaonero eruzhinji yakanga yave pedyo. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinopa shanduko yenhoroondo iyi kuwedzera kukura kwemutoro nenjodzi dzerunyararo rwehondo, uye hondo dzinodhura uye dzinoparadza muCuba, South Africa neChina. Yakabikwa nenzira kwayo yakapokana kuti hondo dzakaitwa kuti dzivepo, zvirokwazvo isingadzivisike, nekuda kweshungu dzakaratidza hukama hwepasi rose. Chirevo chake - 'Ronga Nyika!' - chaive chirevo chisati chaitika kusatorerwa zvombo (sezvakaratidzwa muna Bertha von Suttner's 'Isa Pasi Maoko Ako!') Chingave chiitiko chaicho.
Kunyangwe aipa nguva yakawanda nesimba rekugadzirisa magariro erunyararo, Fried akaziva kuti vaingosvika vashoma chete vateereri uye kuti 'kuparidzira kune vakatendeuka' kwaive kusingabatsiri. Mushandirapamwe chaiwo waifanirwa kuitirwa mukati uye kuburikidza nepepanhau repamusoro.
Iko kudiwa kwerunyararo utapi venhau kwakakura kupfuura nakare kose, zvakare nekuti mhedzisiro yehondo yechisimba nehondo zvakanyanya kutyisa kupfuura zana ramakore rapfuura. Iko kurongeka uye kugadzikana kwerunyararo utapi venhau pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri nemasere ndiko kunofanira kugamuchirwa. Fried akayedza chimwe chinhu chakafanana pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri paakatanga danho rekusikwa kweInternational Union yeRunyararo Press. Zvisinei nekuedza kwake kukuru, yakaramba iine embryonic uye apo runyararo rwerunyararo rwakamutswazve mumashure mehondo mbiri dzepasirese, kuedza kwake kupayona kwakange kwakanganwika.
Kunyangwe mune yake yekuAustria, iyo Nobel Peace Laureate yaive 'yakadzvanywa uye kukanganikwa' - iro zita rekutanga biography yaFried, rakaburitswa muna 2006.
Peter van den Dungen aive mudzidzisi / aishanyira mudzidzisi muzvidzidzo zverunyararo paUniversity yeBradford,
UK (1976-2015). Munyori wenhoroondo murunyararo, ndiye anokudzwa murongi mukuru weInternational Network yeMuseums for Peace (INMP).
