NaKristin Christman
Kutambudzwa kwehurumende yeUnited States kwakaratidzwa mumushumo weSeneti chinyakare chiratidzo chevashandisi vekunze vekudyidzana nekutyisidzira, simba, uye kutonga kwete kuita zvinetso kugadzirisa.
9 / 11 yaive kusimuka kwekudaidzira kuti vanhu vatevedzere zvinhu zvakakosha, asi kurwiswa kwakagadziriswa kwakanzi "kudzikisira nekuparadza magandanga". Kuongororwa nekukurumidza kwemidzi ine hasha uye inodzivirira yemhirizhonga ingadai yakaratidza vanogadzira marongero kune mhinduro dzinoshanda.
Magandanga anoratidzwa seaneropa, uye mamwe akadaro. Vamwe vane zvinorwadza zvekuisa mukati mekudeura kweropa uye kucheka. Asi magandanga mazhinji akatsamwira chaizvo nekuuraya nekutambudza kuri kuitwa nehurumende kana nehurumende yeUS.
Kamal el-Said Habib weIjipitori, anopinda mukuurayiwa kwaAnwar Sadat, anorondedzera zvakajeka kutyisa kunotyisa kwevasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika muEgypt. Vasungwa vanonzwa kurira kwevaeni vari kutambudzwa; iko kurwadzisa kunomutsa mafambiro echisimba uye kunowedzera kutsunga kutsvaga kutsiva uye kururamisira. Asi mitero yeUS yakatsigira vatongi vane hutsinye uye vakatsigira mauto emukati ekuchengetedza.
Vazhinji vekuAmerican vanogona kuona 9 / 11 sechinhu chakatanga kurohwa kurwisa US, asi vamwe vanoona kukakavara sekunge kwachatanga makumi emakore. Panyaya yemakakatanwa eAl Qaeda / US, Kamal anotsanangura kuti 9 / 11, kunyangwe ichisemesa, yaive imwezve nhanho muhondo yakatanga mu1990s, apo US yakataura chinyararire hondo yevaIslamist nekugonesa kuchengeteka kweMid-Eastern. mabasa eAlgeria, Egypt, uye Saudi Arabia kuuraya nekusunga makumi ezviuru emamirioni.
Hondo inorwisa ugandanga inoratidzwa seRusununguko Fighters vs. Avo Vanotivenga Kune Kwedu Kusunungurwa. Asi magandanga haana homo native, uye nepo vamwe vangave vari vadzvinyiriri, vamwe vazhinji vanorwa chaizvo nekuti vanosema udzvinyiriri. MaIslam, iwo maMuslim anoda kuti hurumende dzawo dzive pamusoro peSharia, dzakasiyana, uye tsananguro yehurumende yechiIslam uye hunhu hwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva mukati merudzi rweIslam hunobva kune hwakanaka uye hunowandisa kune hutsinye nekuzvidza.
Vamwe vaizogadzira inodzvinyirira Saudi Arabia kana Taliban-chimiro chimiro nemitemo inopinda, misoro, uye kudzvinyirira kwevakadzi. Asi maIslam mazhinji anotsvaga kukudziridza madhorobha ehurumende akasarudzika maererano nemitemo yeIslam shura, ijma, uye maslah, uye vanoona US sekunyengedzera kweanopokana-neIslamist kusarura uye kudzvinyirira kwekutonga kweruzhinji.
9 / 11 mutyairi Mohammed Atta anozivikanwa muhudiki sekusatomboda kurwadzisa kana chipembenene. Semunhu aive apedza kudzidza, ainetsekana kuti aisakwanisa kuita basa rekugadzira mainini kubatsira vamwe vaIjipita, nekuti ndebvu dzake nemaonero emagariro aionekwa akakwana nemapurisa eIjipita kuti vamuti akakodzera kusungwa.
Atta akatsamwira kuti hurumende yake haizobatsire varombo veCairo asi panzvimbo pezvo akavaka hotera dzakanaka dzevashanyi sezvo yakavhurira capitalism yemusika. Kuchengeta kwake Cairo kwaishanda here 9 / 11? Kwete. Kuita kwake kwaive kwakaipa, asi paive nemazano mumusoro wake uyo ungadai wakadzorwa zvakanaka.
Ataturk's Westernization yeTurkey yakatyisidzira tsika dzetsika uye zvakakonzera kuumbwa kwe1928 kweMuslim Brotherhood sesangano risingaite zvechisimba. Vatungamiriri veUnited States havana chirevo pamusoro pekunetseka kwakanaka uye kwakashata? Vatungamiri vanofunga zvakanyanya kukodzera kukurukura mabhomba here?
Sayyid Qutb akakurudzira zvikuru magandanga emunguva yemberi nekunyora "The America Ndakaona," nyaya yakakurumbira yakazara nemafungiro akaipa eUS panguva yerwendo rwake rwe1948. Zvaaireva zvaive zvechokwadi here? Skewed? Cynical? Kana basa rake riine simba, nei vatungamiriri veUS vasiri kutanga kubatana kuti vataurirane zvaanoona neMid-Easterners?
Magandanga mazhinji akambosangana nekubvakacha nekuda kweWestern, kufambiswa mumadhorobha, kutama, kushaiwa mumiriri, mutsauko wekirasi, kushaya rudo rwemhuri, kana kufungira kune dzimwe nyika Kusarudzana kwevakadzi pamwe nemafungiro evakadzi seanotyisa, edza kusvibisa zvinodzikisira hukama hwakanaka hwevanhu. Asi mabhomba angave sei aine simba rekudzimudza kure?
Zacharias Moussaoui, iyo 20th gandanga, akatsamwiswa nekushaiwa pekugara uye asina hanya necustomer classist mukati meEngland uye akaparadzaniswa neanopokana-nevatorwa muFrance. Magandanga emabhomba muEngland nevarwi vajoinha ISIS vanobva kuAustralia vakapiwazve rusarura kunze.
Munguva yehondo yeRebhanoni Hondo Yenyika, VaMuslim vazhinji, vakadai saHicham Shihab, vakatsamwa nekuziva kutsigira kweUS kuChristian. Vazhinji vanogutsikana nehondo yeUS-Zionist kurwisa nyika dzeMuslim. Kusapinda kweUS hakusimbise manzwiro aya here?
Hashmatullah, asina basa rekutaurirana parunhare, akabatana naTaliban kuti itore mubhadharo. Abu Suhaib muPakistan akawana Hondo kuti ipe chinangwa uye kuzorora kubva mukushushikana. Ko basa risiri remhirizhonga uye madhizaini ekuzvivaraidza haana kubatsira zvakanyanya kupfuura mabhomba?
Rondedzero dziri pamusoro apa kudzivirira kuuraya kwegandanga? Kwete. Sei varume ava vasingakwanise kusarudza mishonga isingaite zvechisimba nematambudziko avo?
Asi nei, panzvimbo yekurwisa nemhirizhonga isina michero, iyo US ingadai isina kubatsira Mid-Easterners vasina mhirizhonga kugadzirisa zvinetswa zvavo? Dai ari mangwanani e9 / 11, Atta anga afunga kusatyaira ndege asi pachinzvimbo akasarudza kunyora tsamba kuhurumende yeUS achikumbira kubatsirwa nekutambura kwenyama nehupfumi muEjipitori, dai US yakanga yapindura sei?
Kupa vanhu vateereri vane hanya kuti vanzwe zvichemo zvavo uye kuvapa mikana yekusagadzirisa zvechisimba matambudziko avo chinogona kunge chiri chiratidzo chechokwadi chekushanduka kwemutemo weUS wekunze.
Kristin Y. Christman munyori we The Taxonomy of Peace: Kuenzaniswa Kwakakwana kweMidzi uye Kuwedzera Kwechisimba uye 650 Solutions for Runyararo, chirongwa chakazvimiririra chakagadzirwa chakatanga Nyamavhuvhu wa9 / 11 uye chiri online. Iye amai vekudzidzira dzimba vane madhigirii kubva kuDartmouth College, Brown University, uye iyo University kuAlbany muRussia nehutongi hweveruzhinji. http://sites.google.com/site/paradigmforpeace
