NaStephanie E. Effevottu, World BEYOND War, September 21, 2022
Munyori Mukuru: Stephanie E. Effevottu
Chikwata Chechirongwa: Jacob Anyam; Ruhamah Ifere; Stephanie E. Effevottu; Blessing Adekanye; Tolulope Oluwafemi; Damaris Akhigbe; Lucky Chinwike; Moses Abolade; Joy Godwin; naAugustine Igweshi
Project Mentors: Allwell Akhigbe uye Precious Ajunwa
Varongi veProjekti: Mr Nathaniel Msen Awuapila naDr Wale Adeboye Project Sponsor: Mai Winifred Ereyi
KUTENDA
Chikwata ichi chichatenda Dr Phil Gittins, Mai Winifred Ereyi, VaNathanial Msen Awuapila, Dr Wale Adeboye, Dr Yves-Renee Jennings, VaChristian Achaleke, nevamwe vanhu vakaita kuti chirongwa ichi chibudirire. Tinoratidzawo kutenda kwedu kune World Beyond War (WBW) uye Rotary Action Group yeRunyararo yekugadzira chikuva (Runyararo Dzidzo uye Chiito cheImpact) kuti isu tivake hunyanzvi hwedu hwekuvaka runyararo.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo uye kubvunza, bata munyori anotungamira, Stephanie E. Effevottu pa: stephanieeffevottu@yahoo.com
Executive Summary
Kunyangwe hazvo kupambwa kwechikoro kusiri chinhu chitsva muNigeria, kubvira 2020, nyika yeNigeria yakaona kuwedzera kwekupambwa kwevana vechikoro kunyanya kuchamhembe kwenyika. Kusachengeteka kwemushandi kwakakonzera kuvharwa kwezvikoro zvinodarika mazana matanhatu muNigeria nekuda kwekutyira kurwiswa nemakororo nevanoba vanhu. Kubatana Kwedu Kusimbaradza Vechidiki, Vatambi Venharaunda neMauto Chekuchengetedza kuderedza chirongwa chekubiwa kweChikoro chiripo kugadzirisa kupambwa kwevadzidzi munguva pfupi yapfuura. Chirongwa chedu zvakare chinoda kusimudzira hukama pakati pemapurisa nevechidiki kuti nyaya dzekupambwa kwevana vechikoro dziderere.
Iyi purogiramu pfupi inoratidza zvakawanikwa paongororo yepamhepo yakaitwa na World Beyond War (WBW) Chikwata cheNigeria chekuona maonero everuzhinji nezvekubiwa kwechikoro muNigeria. Zvakabuda muongororo iyi zvinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakaita sehurombo, kushaikwa kwemabasa, kushaikwa kwemabasa, nzvimbo dzisina hutungamiriri, mhirizhonga yezvitendero, kutsvagirwa mari dzemagandanga ndizvo zviri kukonzera kupambwa kwezvikoro munyika. Zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kupambwa kwevana vechikoro zvakaonekwa nevakabvunzwa zvinosanganisira nyaya yekuti zvinokonzeresa kutorwa kweboka rakashongedzerwa kunze kwevana vechikoro, kusakwana kwedzidzo, kurasikirwa nechido chedzidzo, kurovha pakati pevadzidzi, uye kushungurudzika mupfungwa, pakati pezvimwe.
Kumisa kubiwa kwechikoro muNigeria, vakabvunzwa vakabvuma kuti harisi basa remunhu mumwe chete kana chikamu chimwe chete asi kuti zvinoda nzira yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, nekudyidzana pakati pevatambi vakasiyana, kusanganisira masangano ekuchengetedza, vatambi venharaunda, uye vechidiki. Kusimbaradza hunyanzvi hwevechidiki mukuderedza kupambwa kwevanhu muzvikoro munyika, vakabvunzwa vakati panofanirwa kuita zvirongwa zvekupa mazano uye zvikwata zvevarairidzi / kukurumidza kupindura vadzidzi muzvikoro zvakasiyana siyana. Kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka muzvikoro, kurudziro uye mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa, pamwe nemutemo wenharaunda zvaivewo zvikamu zvezvikumbiro zvavo.
Kuti tivake kudyidzana kunoshanda pakati pehurumende yeNigeria, vechidiki, vanoita zveveruzhinji, uye mauto edziviriro mukuderedza nyaya dzekupambwa kwezvikoro munyika, vakapindura vakakurudzira kuumba zvikwata zvemuno kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana, kupa chengetedzo inoramba ichizvidavirira, kuronga mutemo wenharaunda. , kuita mishandirapamwe yekukurudzira chikoro kuchikoro, uye kuita nhaurirano nevanosiyana-siyana.
Vakabvunzwa vakati pane kusavimbana pakati pevechidiki nevamwe vane chekuita navo, zvikuru vemauto. Saka vakakurudzira mazano akawanda ekuvaka kuvimba, mamwe acho anosanganisira kushandiswa kweunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kudzidzisa vechidiki pamusoro pebasa remasangano akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza, kudzidzisa vanobatana pamusoro pehutsika hwekuvimba, pamwe nekuvaka nharaunda yakatenderedza mabasa ekuvaka kuvimba.
Paivewo nemazano ekupa masimba kuri nani kumasangano akasiyana siyana anoona nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kunyanya nekuvawanisa michina iri nani nezvombo zvechizvino-zvino zvekugadzirisa mbavha idzi. Chekupedzisira, kurudziro dzakaitwa munzira idzo hurumende yeNigeria inogona kuona kuti zvikoro zvakachengeteka kuvadzidzi nevadzidzisi.
Gwaro remitemo rinopedzisa nekutaura kuti kubiwa kwechikoro kunotyisa kunharaunda yeNigeria, nehuwandu hwepamusoro munguva pfupi yapfuura huri kukanganisa dzidzo munyika. Naizvozvo inodaidzira kune vese vanobatana, pamwe nenharaunda dzenyika nedzepasirese kuti vabatane zviri nani kuderedza kutyisidzira uku.
Nhanganyaya/Pfupi yeKubiwa Kwezvikoro muNigeria
Kufanana nemafungiro mazhinji, hapana tsananguro imwechete inogona kuverengerwa kune izwi rekuti 'kupamba'. Nyanzvi dzinoverengeka dzakapa tsananguro yavo pachavo pamusoro pezvinoreva kupamba kwavari. Semuyenzaniso, Inyang and Abraham (2013) vanotsanangura kupamba sekubata zvine chisimba, kutora, uye kuvharirwa kwemunhu zvisiri pamutemo asingadi. Saizvozvovo, Uzorma naNwanegbo- Ben (2014) vanotsanangura kupamba senzira yekubvuta uye kuvharira kana kutakura munhu nechisimba chisiri pamutemo kana nehutsotsi, uye kazhinji nechikumbiro cherudzikinuro. Fage naAlabi (2017) mazwi ekubira sehunyengeri kana kupambwa kwechisimba kwemunhu kana boka revanhu nekuda kwezvinangwa kubva kumagariro nehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvechitendero, pakati pevamwe. Zvisinei nekuwanda kwetsanangudzo, zvavana vose zvakafanana zvinosanganisira nyaya yekuti kupamba vanhu chinhu chisiri pamutemo chinowanzobatanidza kushandiswa kwechisimba nechinangwa chekuwana mari kana zvimwe zviwanikwa.
MuNigeria, kuparara kwechengeteko kwakakonzera kuwanda kwekubiwa kwevanhu kunyanya kuchamhembe kwenyika. Kunyange zvazvo kupamba vanhu kwave kuenderera mberi, zvave kutora chimiro chitsva apo mbavha idzi dzichiita zvinovhundutsa veruzhinji uye nedzvinyiriro dzezvematongerwo enyika kuti vade kubhadharwa kunopa mari yakawanda. Uyezve, kusiyana nekare apo mbavha dzainyanya kunanga vanhu vakapfuma, matsotsi iye zvino anonanga vanhu veboka ripi neripi. Nzira dzemazuva ano dzekupamba vanhu kupambwa kwevadzidzi vakawanda mudzimba dzechikoro, kupambwa kwevadzidzi mumigwagwa mikuru uye kumaruwa nemumaguta.
Nezvikoro zvingangoita mazana maviri epuraimari nesekondari, chikamu chedzidzo cheNigeria chinomiririra chikurusa muAfrica (Verjee neKwaja, 200,000). Kunyangwe hazvo kubiwa kwechikoro kusiri chinhu chitsva muNigeria, munguva pfupi yapfuura, kwave nenhamba huru yekupambwa kwevadzidzi kuti vadzikinure kubva kuzvikoro zvedzidzo kunyanya zvikoro zvesekondari kuchamhembe kweNigeria. Chekutanga chekupambwa kwevazhinji vechikoro ichi chinogona kuteverwa kusvika muna 2021 apo hurumende yeNigeria yakashuma kuti zvikwata zvemagandanga zveBoko Haram zvakapamba vasikana vechikoro mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe nenhanhatu kubva muimba yavo yekurara mudhorobha reChibok, Borno State (Ibrahim naMukhtar, 2014; Iwara. , 276).
Nguva ino isati yasvika, kwave nekurwiswa nekuurayiwa kwevadzidzi vechikoro muNigeria. Semuenzaniso, muna 2013, vadzidzi makumi mana nemumwe uye mudzidzisi mumwe vakapiswa vari vapenyu kana kupfurwa paMamufo Government Secondary School mudunhu reYobe. Mugore rimwe chetero, vadzidzi nevadzidzisi makumi mana nevana vakapondwa paCollege of Agriculture muGujba. Muna Kukadzi 2014, vadzidzi makumi mashanu nevapfumbamwe vakaurayiwawo paBuni Yadi Federal Government College. Kupambwa kweChibok kwakatevera muna Kubvumbi 2014 (Verjee naKwaja, 2021).
Kubva 2014, kwave nekupambwa kwevana vechikoro vanopfuura chiuru kuti vadzikinure nemapoka ematsotsi kuchamhembe kweNigeria. Izvi zvinotevera zvinomiririra nguva yekupambwa kwechikoro muNigeria:
- Kubvumbi 14, 2014: Vasikana vechikoro 276 vakapambwa paGovernment Girls Secondary School muChibok, Borno State. Kunyange hazvo vasikana vazhinji vakanunurwa, vamwe vakaurayiwa kana kuti vachiri kushaika kusvika nhasi.
- Kukadzi 19, 2018: Vadzidzi vechikadzi 110 vakapambwa kubva kuHurumende Girls Science Technical College muDapchi, Yobe State. Vazhinji vavo vakasunungurwa mavhiki gare gare.
- Zvita 11, 2020: Vadzidzi vechirume mazana matatu vakapambwa kubva kuHurumende Sayenzi Sekondari Chikoro, Kankara, Katsina State. Vakazosunungurwa papera vhiki.
- Zvita 19, 2020: Vadzidzi makumi masere vakatorwa pachikoro cheIslamiyya muguta reMahuta, Katsina State. Mapurisa neboka ravo rinozvidzivirira munharaunda vakakurumidza kusunungura vadzidzi ava kubva kuvapamba vavo.
- Kukadzi 17, 2021: Vanhu makumi mana nevaviri, kusanganisira vadzidzi makumi maviri nevanomwe vakapambwa kubva kuGovernment Science College, Kagara, Niger State, apo mudzidzi mumwe akaurayiwa panguva yekurwiswa.
- Kukadzi 26, 2021: Vadzidzi vechikadzi vanosvika mazana matatu nenomwe vakapambwa paChikoro cheGovernment Girls Science Secondary School, Jangebe, Zamfara State.
- Kurume 11, 2021: Vadzidzi makumi matatu nevapfumbamwe vakapambwa kubva kuFederal College yeForestry Mechanisation, Afaka, Kaduna State.
- Kurume 13, 2021: Pakaedza kurwisa paTurkish International Secondary School, Rigachikun, Kaduna State asi hurongwa hwavo hwakakanganiswa nekuda kweruzivo rwakagamuchirwa nemauto eNigeria. Zuva rimwe chetero, mauto eNigeria akanunurwawo vanhu ve180, kusanganisira vadzidzi ve172 kubva kuFederal School of Forestry Mechanisation muAfaka, Kaduna State. Kuedza kwakabatana kwemauto eNigeria, mapurisa, uye vanozvipira zvakare kwakadzivirira kurwiswa kweHurumende Science Secondary School, Ikara mudunhu reKaduna.
- Kurume 15, 2021: Vadzidzisi vatatu vakabvutwa paUBE Primary School muRama, Birnin Gwari, Kaduna State.
- Kubvumbi 20, 2021: Vanosvika vadzidzi makumi maviri nevashandi vatatu vakapambwa kubva kuGreenfield University, Kaduna State. Vakavapamba vakauraya vashanu vevadzidzi ava vamwe vakasunungurwa muna Chivabvu.
- Kubvumbi 29, 2021: Vadzidzi vangangosvika vana vakapambwa paKing's School, Gana Ropp, Barkin Ladi, muPlateau State. Vatatu vavo vakazopunyuka kubva kuvatapa.
- Chivabvu 30, 2021: Vadzidzi vangangosvika zana nemakumi matatu nevatanhatu nevadzidzisi vakati wandei vakapambwa paSalihu Tanko Islamic School muTegina, Niger State. Mumwe wavo akafira muhusungwa vamwe vakasunungurwa muna Nyamavhuvhu.
- Chikumi 11, 2021: vadzidzi 8 nevamwe varairidzi vakapambwa paNuhu Bamali Polytechnic, Zaria, Kaduna State.
- Chikumi 17, 2021: Vadzidzi vanosvika zana nevadzidzisi vashanu vakapambwa kubva kuFederal Government Girls College, Birnin Yauri, Kebbi State.
- July 5, 2021: Vadzidzi vanopfuura 120 vakapambwa paBethel Baptist High School, Damishi muKaduna State
- Nyamavhuvhu 16, 2021: Vadzidzi vangangosvika gumi nevashanu vakapambwa kubva kuCollege of Agriculture and Animal Health muBakura, Zamfara State.
- Nyamavhuvhu 18, 2021: Vadzidzi vapfumbamwe vakapambwa vachienda kumba vachibva kuIslamiyya School muSakkai, Katsina State.
- Gunyana 1, 2021: Vadzidzi vangangosvika makumi manomwe nevatatu vakapambwa kubva kuGovernment day Secondary School muKaya, Zamfara State (Egobiambu, 73; Ojelu, 2021; Verjee naKwaja, 2021; Yusuf, 2021).
Nyaya yekupambwa kwevadzidzi yatekeshera nenyika yose uye iri kunetsa munyika munyaya dzekupambwa kwevanhu vachitorerwa mari izvo zvinokanganisa bazi redzidzo. Idambudziko nekuti rinoisa dzidzo yevadzidzi panjodzi munyika ine huwandu hwevana vari kunze kwechikoro uye huwandu hwevanhu vanosiira chikoro panzira, zvikuru vasikana. Zvakare, Nigeria iri munjodzi yekuunza 'chizvarwa chakarasika' chevana vezera rechikoro vanorasikirwa nedzidzo uye nokudaro mikana yeramangwana yekubudirira nekuzvidzinga ivo nemhuri dzavo kubva muhurombo.
Kukanganisa kwekubiwa kwechikoro kune zvakawanda uye zvinotungamira mukushungurudzika mupfungwa uye mupfungwa kune vese vabereki nevana vechikoro veavo vakapambwa, kuderera kwehupfumi nekuda kwekusachengeteka kwakanyanya, izvo zvinoshoresa mari yekunze, uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika nekuti vanoba vanhu vanoita kuti nyika isatongeke uye inokwezva mukurumbira. kutariswa kwenyika dzese. Dambudziko iri nekudaro rinoda nzira ine vatori vechikamu vakawanda inotungamirwa nevechidiki nevemauto kuti varipinze.
Chinangwa cheProjekiti
Our Kusimbaradza Vechidiki, Vatambi veNharaunda uye Kudyidzana kweMauto Chengetedza kudzikisira Kubiwa Kwezvikoro iripo kugadzirisa dambudziko rekupambwa kwevadzidzi munguva pfupi yapfuura. Chirongwa chedu chine chinangwa chekusimudzira hukama pakati pemapurisa nevechidiki kuti nyaya dzekupambwa kwezvikoro dziderere. Pakave nemukaha uye kuparara kwekuvimbana pakati pevechidiki nevemauto kunyanya mapurisa sezvakaonekwa panguva ye#EndSARS kuratidzira vachipokana nehutsinye hwemapurisa muna Gumiguru 2020. Kuratidzira kwaitungamirwa nevechidiki kwakagumiswa zvine hutsinye neLekki Massacre yaGumiguru. 20, 2020 apo mapurisa nemasoja vakavhura pfuti pavaratidziri vechidiki vasina dziviriro.
Chirongwa chedu chehunyanzvi chinotungamirwa nevechidiki chichanangana nekugadzira mabhiriji pakati pemapoka aya kuti vashandure hukama hwavo hweanopikisa kuita hushamwari hunoderedza kupambwa kwezvikoro. Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi ndechekuunza vechidiki, vanoita zvemitambo munharaunda pamwe nevekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kuti vabatane mukuderedza nyaya yekupambwa kwevana vechikoro kuti vabhadharwe. Aya maitiro asina kunaka anoda nzira yekubatana kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevechidiki kuchikoro uye kudzivirira kodzero yavo yekudzidza munzvimbo yakachengeteka uye yakachengeteka. Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi ndechekusimbaradza kubatana kwevechidiki, vanoita zvenharaunda pamwe nevemauto kuti vaderedze kupambwa kwezvikoro. Zvinangwa ndezvekuti:
- Simbisai kugona kwevechidiki, vatambi venharaunda nemauto edziviriro kuderedza kupambwa kwechikoro.
- Kurudzirai kudyidzana pakati pevechidiki, vatambi venharaunda nemauto edziviriro kuburikidza nemapuratifomu enhaurirano kuderedza kupambwa kwechikoro.
Research nzira
Kusimbisa vechidiki, vatambi venharaunda, uye mauto edziviriro kubatana kuderedza kupambwa kwechikoro muNigeria, iyo World Beyond war Chikwata cheNigeria chakafunga kuita ongororo yepamhepo kuti iwane maonero eruzhinji pamusoro pezvakakonzeresa uye kukanganisa kwekupambwa kwechikoro uye zvavanokurudzira munzira yekumberi kuti zvikoro zvive zvakachengeteka kuvadzidzi.
Pepamhepo-yapera-yapera chiyero che14-chinhu chakarongeka chemibvunzo yakagadzirwa uye yakaitwa kuti iwanikwe kune vatori vechikamu kuburikidza neGoogle fomu template. Ruzivo rwekutanga nezve purojekiti rwakapihwa kune vatori vechikamu pachikamu chekusuma chemibvunzo. Ruzivo rwemunhu rwakadai sezita, nhamba dzerunhare nekero yeemail zvakaitwa sarudzo kuitira kuti vatori vechikamu vaone kuti mhinduro dzavo dzaive dzepachivande uye vakasununguka kubuda pakunzwa ruzivo rwakadzama runogona kukanganisa kodzero neropafadzo dzavo.
Iyo yepamhepo Google link yakatenderedzwa kune vatori vechikamu kuburikidza neakasiyana masocial network mapuratifomu seWhatsApp yenhengo dzeWBW Nigerian timu. Pakanga pasina zera, murume kana mukadzi kana huwandu hwechidzidzo ichi sezvo takachisiya chakavhurirwa munhu wese nekuti kupambwa kwechikoro kune ngozi kune vese zvisinei nezera kana murume. Pakupera kwenguva yekuunganidza data, mhinduro zana nemakumi maviri nesere dzakatorwa kubva kuvanhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzezvematongerwo enyika munyika.
Chikamu chekutanga chegwaro remibvunzo chakanangana nekukumbira mhinduro kuruzivo rwemunhu rwevanopindura senge zita, email kero, uye nhamba yefoni. Izvi zvakateverwa nemibvunzo pamusoro pezera revatori vechikamu, nzvimbo yavo yekugara, uye kuti vanogara munyika dzakabatwa nekupambwa kwechikoro. Pavakapinda zana nemakumi maviri nevasere, 128% vaive pakati pemakore gumi nemashanu nemakumi matatu nemashanu; 51.6% pakati pe15 ne35; nepo 40.6% vaive makore 36 zvichikwira.
Uyezve, pavane 128 vakapindura, 39.1% vakashuma kuti vanogara mumatunhu akabatwa nokupambwa kwechikoro; 52.3% vakapindura zvisina kunaka, ukuwo 8.6% vakati havazive kana nzvimbo yavo yekugara iri pakati penyika dzakabatwa nenyaya dzekupambwa kwechikoro:
Kutsvakurudza Zvakawanikwa
Chikamu chinotevera chinopa zvakabuda muongororo yakaitwa padandemutande nevanhu 128 vakabvunzwa kubva kumatunhu akasiyana munyika.
Zvikonzero zvekubiwa kweChikoro muNigeria
Kubva muna Zvita 2020 kusvika pari zvino, kwave nenyaya dzinopfuura gumi dzekupambwa kwevana vechikoro kunyanya kuchamhembe kwenyika. Tsvagiridzo yakaitwa nenyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana inoratidza kuti pane zvakawanda zvinokurudzira kupamba vanhu kubva pamagariro nehupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika kusvika kune zvetsika nemagariro, chimwe nechimwe chezvikonzero izvi zvakanyanya kupindirana. Zvakawanikwa muongororo yakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakaita sekushaikwa kwemabasa, hurombo hwakanyanya, kunyanyisa mune zvechitendero, kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzisina kutongwa, uye kusachengeteka kuri kukura ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvekupambwa kwechikoro muNigeria. Zvikamu makumi matatu nezviviri kubva muzana zvevakabvunzurudzwa vakati kuunganidzwa kwemari yezviito zvehugandanga ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuwedzera kwekupambwa kwechikoro muNigeria.
Saizvozvovo, 27.3% yakaratidza kushaikwa kwemabasa sechimwe chikonzero chekubiwa kwechikoro muNigeria. Saizvozvo, 19.5% yakataura kuti urombo hunomiririra chimwe chikonzero chehurombo. Mukuwedzera, 14.8% yakaratidza kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzisina hutungamiri.
Mhedzisiro yekubiwa kweChikoro uye Kuvharwa kweChikoro paDzidzo muNigeria
Kukosha kwedzidzo munharaunda ine tsika dzakawanda seNigeria haigone kusimbiswa. Zvakadaro, dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro pane dzimwe nguva, yakatyisidzirwa nekukanganiswa nekutyisidzira kwekubiwa. Chiito chakabva mudunhu reNiger Delta yenyika, zvinosiririsa, chasimuka nekukurumidza kuita bhizinesi remazuva ese munharaunda yese yenyika. Kunetseka kwakawanda kwakabuda munguva pfupi yapfuura pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekubiwa kwechikoro muNigeria. Izvi zvinotangira pakuva nehanya kwevabereki pamusoro pekusachengeteka, kusvika kupwere dzinonyengerwa kupinda mubhizimisi ‘rinopa mari’ rokuba vanhu zvichiita kuti vasaende kuchikoro nemaune.
Izvi zvinooneka mumhinduro dzeongororo yakaitwa sezvo 33.3% yevakabvunzurudzwa ichibvuma kuti kupambwa kunoita kuti vadzidzi varasikirwe nechido chedzidzo, zvakare, imwe 33.3% yemhinduro inobvumirana nekukanganisa kwazvinoita pakushata kwedzidzo. Nguva zhinji, kana kubiwa kwevanhu kunoitika muzvikoro, vana vechikoro vanodzoserwa kumba, kana kutorwa nevabereki vavo, uye mune dzimwe nguva, zvikoro zvinoramba zvakavharwa kwemwedzi yakawanda.
Kunyanya kukuvadza kwairi kuita kana vadzidzi vasina basa, vanowanzokweverwa kuita chiitiko chekupamba. Vaiti vezvakaipa vanovanyengedza nenzira yokuti, vanopa “bhizimisi” racho serinovapa mari yakawanda. Zviri pachena kubva mukukwira kwenhamba yevechiduku vanobiwa muzvikoro muNigeria. Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinogona kusanganisira kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, kutanga kucultism, kuve chishandiso mumaoko evamwe vevakuru semakororo, varwi vevamwe vezvematongerwo enyika, sumo yemhando dzakasiyana dzehuipi hwevanhu sekushandisa zvinodhaka, kubata chibharo nechikwata, nezvimwe.
Mazano ePolisi
Nigeria yave kusachengeteka zvakanyanya zvekuti hapana kwakachengeteka zvakare. Mungave muchikoro, chechi, kana kunyange pekugara, vagari vanogara vari panjodzi yekupambwa. Zvakadaro, vakabvunzwa vaiti kuwedzera kuri kuita kupambwa kwevana vechikoro kwave kuita kuti zviomere vabereki nevachengeti mudunhu iri kuti varambe vachiendesa vana/wadhi kuchikoro nekutya kuti vangazopambwa. Kurudziro dzakati wandei dzakapihwa nevapinduri ava kubatsira kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekupamba pamwe nemhinduro dzeproffer dzekudzikisa maitiro akadai muNigeria. Kurudziro idzi dzakapa vechidiki vese, vatambi venharaunda, vezvekuchengetedza, pamwe nehurumende yeNigeria pamatanho akasiyana siyana avanogona kutora kurwisa kupambwa kwechikoro:
1. Pane kudikanwa kwekusimbisa kugona kwevechidiki kushanda mukuderedza kupambwa kwechikoro muNigeria:
Vechidiki vanoumba inopfuura hafu yevagari vepasi uye nekudaro, vanofanirwawo kuve nechekuita muzvisarudzo zvine chekuita nenyika. Nekutekeshera kwekubiwa kwevana muzvikoro munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika uye nekukanganisa kwazvinoita paruzhinji rwevechidiki, vanofanirwa kuve nechekuita mukupa mazano ekugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Zvichienderana neizvi, 56.3% inoratidza kudiwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwakawedzerwa muzvikoro uye kuwedzera kwekukurudzira nekuzivisa vechidiki. Saizvozvo, 21.1% inokurudzira kuumbwa kwemapurisa emunharaunda kunyanya munzvimbo dzinowanzo rwiswa. Nenzira yakafanana, 17.2 muzana yakakurudzira kuitwa kwezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa muzvikoro. Zvakare, 5.4% yakatsigira kugadzirwa kwevarairidzi uye nekutanga kupindura timu.
2. Pane kudikanwa kwekukurudzira kushandira pamwe pakati pehurumende yeNigeria, vechidiki, masangano akazvimirira, uye mauto ekudzikisira nyaya dzekupambwa kwezvikoro muNigeria:
Kuti pave nekubatana kunoshanda pakati pehurumende yeNigeria, vechidiki, vanoita zvemagariro, uye mauto edziviriro mukuderedza nyaya dzekupambwa kwezvikoro munyika, 33.6% vakakurudzira kuumbwa kwezvikwata zvemuno kuti vaone kubatana pakati pevatambi vakasiyana. Sezvineiwo, 28.1% yakakurudzira mapurisa emunharaunda akaumbwa akasiyana-siyana uye kuvadzidzisa mapinduriro enyaya idzi. Imwe 17.2% yakatsigira nhaurirano pakati pevane chekuita nekusiyana. Mamwe mazano anosanganisira kuona kuzvidavirira pakati pevose vane chekuita.
3. Pane kudikanwa kwekuvaka kuvimbana pakati pevechidiki nemasangano akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza muNigeria:
Vakamhan’arirwa vaona kuti pane kusavimbana pakati pevechidiki nevamwe vane chekuita nenyaya iyi, zvikuru vemauto. Saka vakakurudzira mazano akawanda ekuvaka kuvimba, mamwe acho anosanganisira kushandiswa kweunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kudzidzisa vechidiki pamusoro pebasa remasangano akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza, kudzidzisa vanobatana pamusoro pehutsika hwekuvimba, pamwe nekuvaka nharaunda yakatenderedza mabasa ekuvaka kuvimba.
4. Mauto ekuchengetedza eNigeria anofanirwa kupihwa simba zvirinani kuti aite zvekuba muNigeria:
Hurumende yeNigeria inofanirwa kutsigira masangano akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza nekuvapa zvese zvinodiwa uye zviwanikwa zvavanoda kubata nevapamba ava. 47% yevakabvunzwa vakakurudzira kuti hurumende iwane kushandiswa kwakavandudzwa kwehunyanzvi mukushanda kwavo. Nenzira imwecheteyo, 24.2% yakakurudzira kuvakwa kwemasimba kune nhengo dzemauto ekuchengetedza. Saizvozvo, 18% yakataura kuti pane kurudziro yekuti panofanirwa kuvaka kubatana uye kuvimbana pakati pemauto ekuchengetedza. Mamwe mazano aisanganisira kupihwa kwezvombo zvemhando yepamusoro kumauto. Panewo chido chekuti hurumende yeNigeria iwedzere mari inopihwa masangano ekuchengetedza akasiyana siyana kuti avakurudzire kuita basa ravo zviri nani.
5. Munofunga kuti hurumende ingaite sei kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwezvikoro uye kuona kuti zvakachengeteka kuvadzidzi nevadzidzisi?
Kushaikwa kwemabasa nehurombo zvakaonekwa sezvimwe zvezvikonzero zvekupambwa kwechikoro muNigeria. 38.3% yevakabvunzwa vakakurudzira kuti hurumende inofanirwa kupa mabasa akasimba uye magariro evagari vayo. Vatori vechikamu vakacherekedzawo kurasikirwa kwehunhu pakati pevagari nokudaro 24.2% yavo yakakurudzira kudyidzana kuri nani pakati pevatungamiriri vezvitendero, vemasangano akazvimirira, nevadzidzi mukusimudzira nekugadzira ruzivo. 18.8% yevakabvunzwa vakacherechedzawo kuti kubiwa kwezvikoro muNigeria kuri kuwedzera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzisina hutungamiri saka hurumende inofanira kuedza kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakadai.
mhedziso
Kubiwa kwevanhu kuchikoro kuri kuwedzera muNigeria uye ndiko kwanyanya kuchamhembe kwenyika. Zvinhu zvakadai sehurombo, kushaikwa kwemabasa, chitendero, kusachengeteka, uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzisina hutungamiri zvakaonekwa sezvimwe zvikonzero zvekupambwa kwechikoro muNigeria. Pamwe chete nekusachengeteka kuri kuramba kuchiitika munyika, kuwanda kwekupambwa kwevana vechikoro munyika kwakonzera kudzikira kuvimbana muhurongwa hwedzidzo yeNigeria, iyo yakawedzera huwandu hwevadzidzi vari kunze kwechikoro. Saka panoda kuti maoko ose ange ari panhovo kudzivirira kupambwa kwevana vechikoro. Vechidiki, vatambi venharaunda, uye masangano akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuti vape zvigadzikiso zvechigarire zvekumisa dambudziko iri.
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